Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development (original) (raw)
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Long‐distance CO2 signalling in plants
Journal of Experimental …, 2002
Stomatal numbers are tightly controlled by environmental signals including light intensity and atmospheric CO 2 partial pressure. This requires control of epidermal cell development during the early phase of leaf growth and involves changes in both the ...
Elevated CO2-Induced Responses in Stomata Require ABA and ABA Signaling
Current biology : CB, 2015
An integral part of global environment change is an increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) [1]. Increased [CO2] reduces leaf stomatal apertures and density of stomata that plays out as reductions in evapotranspiration [2-4]. Surprisingly, given the importance of transpiration to the control of terrestrial water fluxes [5] and plant nutrient acquisition [6], we know comparatively little about the molecular components involved in the intracellular signaling pathways by which [CO2] controls stomatal development and function [7]. Here, we report that elevated [CO2]-induced closure and reductions in stomatal density require the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby adding a new common element to these signaling pathways. We also show that the PYR/RCAR family of ABA receptors [8, 9] and ABA itself are required in both responses. Using genetic approaches, we show that ABA in guard cells or their precursors is sufficient to mediate the [CO2]-induced stomatal...
CO2 Sensing and CO2 Regulation of Stomatal Conductance: Advances and Open Questions
Trends in plant science, 2015
Guard cells form epidermal stomatal gas-exchange valves in plants and regulate the aperture of stomatal pores in response to changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) in leaves. Moreover, the development of stomata is repressed by elevated CO2 in diverse plant species. Evidence suggests that plants can sense [CO2] changes via guard cells and via mesophyll tissues in mediating stomatal movements. We review new discoveries and open questions on mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements and CO2 modulation of stomatal development, which together function in the CO2 regulation of stomatal conductance and gas exchange in plants. Research in this area is timely in light of the necessity of selecting and developing crop cultivars that perform better in a shifting climate.
The New phytologist, 2018
We conducted an infrared thermal imaging-based genetic screen to identify Arabidopsis mutants displaying aberrant stomatal behavior in response to elevated concentrations of CO2 . This approach resulted in the isolation of a novel allele of the Arabidopsis BIG locus (At3g02260) that we have called CO2 insensitive 1 (cis1). BIG mutants are compromised in elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure and bicarbonate activation of S-type anion channel currents. In contrast with the wild-type, they fail to exhibit reductions in stomatal density and index when grown in elevated CO2 . However, like the wild-type, BIG mutants display inhibition of stomatal opening when exposed to elevated CO2 . BIG mutants also display wild-type stomatal aperture responses to the closure-inducing stimulus abscisic acid (ABA). Our results indicate that BIG is a signaling component involved in the elevated CO2 -mediated control of stomatal development. In the control of stomatal aperture by CO2 , BIG is only requir...
Interaction of stomatal responses to ABA and CO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998
Stomatal responses to ABA and CO2 were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. wild-type and ABA insensitive mutants (abi1-1, abi2-1, abi1-1abi2-1) at the whole plant and at the isolated epidermis levels. In wild-type plants, feeding roots with ABA (1–50 µM) triggered a rapid drop in leaf conductance which levelled off during the following photoperiods, and strongly inhibited the increase in conductance induced by light. The rapid response was strongly inhibited in abi1-1, abi2-1 and abi1-1abi2-1 double mutants, but a residual long-term decrease in leaf conductance was still observed. In wild-type plants, exogenous ABA strongly enhanced the response to CO2 removal. Conversely, in the absence of CO2 the effect of ABA was drastically reduced in epidermal strip experiments. These results reveal a strong interaction between sensing of ABA and CO2 in stomata of A. thaliana. Despite an initially wide stomatal aperture in abi-1, abi-2 and double mutant plants, their stomatal respo...
Plant physiology, 2016
Starch metabolism is involved in stomatal movement regulation. Yet it remains unknown whether starch-deficient mutants affect CO2-induced stomatal closing and whether starch biosynthesis in guard cells and/or mesophyll cells is rate-limiting for high CO2-induced stomatal closing. Stomatal responses to [CO2] shifts and CO2 assimilation rates were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that were either starch-deficient in all plant-tissues (ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase; ADGase) or retain starch accumulation in guard cells but are starch-deficient in mesophyll cells (plastidial phosphoglucose isomerase; pPGI). ADGase mutants exhibited impaired CO2-induced stomatal closure, but pPGI mutants did not, showing that starch biosynthesis in guard cells but not mesophyll functions in CO2-induced stomatal closing. Nevertheless, starch-deficient ADGase mutant alleles exhibited partial CO2 responses, pointing toward a starch biosynthesis-independent component of the response that is likely med...