Impact of using automotive Diesel fuel adulterated with heating Diesel on the performance of a stationary Diesel engine (original) (raw)
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Investigation of factors affecting the gaseous and particulate matter emissions from diesel vehicles
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This study presents a detailed investigation of diesel vehicle emissions utilizing chassis dynamometer testing. The recruited vehicle fleet consists of 15 in-use diesel vehicles, spanning a wide range of emission standards, engine sizes, weight, model year, etc. The real-time emission concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO x), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2), and the mass of particulate matter (PM) collected on filters are measured and used to calculate the vehicle emission factors (EFs) under various driving conditions. Results show that in general EFs of NO x , CO, THC, and PM of the recruited fleet span a wide range of values (NO x 0.80 ± 0.34 to 60.28 ± 2.94 g kg −1 ; THC 0.10 ± 0.04 to 5.28 ± 1.28 g kg −1 ; CO below detection limits to 24.01 ± 8.48 g kg −1 ; PM below detection limits to 2.47 ± 1.22 g kg −1). Further data analysis shows that the implementation of a higher emission standard has a significant effect on reducing the emission of pollutants, except for NO x. Driving conditions are also important factors affecting the EFs. Besides, statistical analysis shows a significant correlation between EFs of NO x with the testing weight and the maximum engine power of the vehicle. Further investigation is recommended to explore the effect of maintenance of the vehicles to the vehicular emission.
Inhalation …, 2011
The diesel tailpipe emissions typically undergo substantial physical and chemical transformations while traveling through the tailpipe, which tend to modify the original characteristics of the diesel exhaust. Most of the health-related attention for diesel exhaust has focused on the carcinogenic potential of inhaled exhaust components, particularly the highly respirable diesel particulate matter (DPM). In the current study, parametric investigations were made using a modern automotive common rail direct injection (CRDI) sports utility vehicle (SUV) diesel engine operated at different loads at constant engine speed (2400 rpm), employing diesel and 20% biodiesel blends (B20) produced from karanja oil. A partial flow dilution tunnel was employed to measure the mass of the primary particulates from diesel and biodiesel blend on a 47-mm quartz substrate. This was followed by chemical analysis of the particulates collected on the substrate for benzene-soluble organic fraction (BSOF) (marker of toxicity). BSOF results showed decrease in its level with increasing engine load for both diesel and biodiesel. In addition, real-time measurements for organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (marker of toxicity) were carried out on the diluted primary exhaust coming out of the partial flow dilution tunnel. PAH concentrations were found to be the maximum at 20% rated engine load for both the fuels. The collected particulates from diesel and biodiesel-blend exhaust were also analyzed for concentration of trace metals (marker of toxicity), which revealed some interesting results.
Impact of fuel on exhaust emissions of a Diesel passenger car
2nd International Conference on Waste Management, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, and Indoor Climate WWAI’08, 2008
Two commercial Diesel Euro3 and Euro4 fuels are used in a Euro3 passenger car in order to find out the impact of fuel on exhaust emissions of regulated and of several non-regulated pollutants and on fuel consumption. The results show a significant impact of the fuel on several pollutants. The results on New European Driving Cycle and on steady speeds are not always in accordance, showing that the impact of the fuel on exhaust emission is quite complex and the estimation of real-world emissions is not very easy.
Fuel, 2010
The need for diversification of energy sources and reducing various emissions including CO 2 emission in diesel engine can be met with alternative diesel fuels such as gas to liquid (GTL) and GTL-biodiesel blends. But there should be a clear understanding of the combustion and engine-out emission characteristics for alternative fuels. In this respect, an experimental study was conducted on a 2.0 L 4 cylinders turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with those alternative diesel fuels to investigate the engine-out emission characteristics under various steady-state engine operating conditions. The results revealed that noticeable decreases in THC (22-56%) and CO (16-52%) emissions for GTL-biodiesel blends were observed, whereas NOx emissions for GTL-biodiesel blends increased by a maximum of 12% compared to diesel. With regard to particle size distributions (PSDs) for GTL-biodiesel blends, the particulate matter (PM) number concentration in accumulation mode decreased, as a result of the excess oxygen content in biodiesel. Contrary to the tendency in the accumulation mode, there was a slight increase in the PM number concentration in the nucleation mode under the operating conditions wherein the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) strategy was applied. The total PM number concentration for G + BD40 decreased by a maximum of 46% compared to that for diesel. From these results of enhanced emission characteristics compared to diesel and GTL fuel, the potential for the use of GTL-biodiesel blends could be confirmed.
Nonregulated pollutants emitted from Euro 3 diesel vehicles as a function of their mileage
Energy & Fuels, 2007
The impact of mileage, from 4000 to 96 000 km, on the exhaust emissions of several nonregulated pollutants is studied in the case of several Euro 3 diesel passenger cars, tested on the New European Driving Cycle. The results show that the emissions of the four regulated pollutants remain within the regulatory limits. Exhaust NO x and particulate matter remain constant with mileage, while the emissions of hydrocarbons and CO increase, because of a partial deactivation of the oxidation catalyst. Exhaust emissions of many nonregulated pollutants are not particularly affected by the partial deactivation of the catalyst. Exhaust concentrations of methane, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, the main carbonyl compounds, and particulate sulfates remain constant. However, the exhaust concentrations of some other nonregulated pollutants, such as exhaust olefins, heavy HCs, heavy carbonyl compounds, and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increase. The emissions of heavier PAHs and N 2 O decrease with mileage.
Energy & Fuels, 2012
Diesel exhaust emissions have been reported for a number of engine operating strategies, after-treatment technologies, and fuels. However, information is limited regarding emissions of many pollutants during idling and when biodiesel fuels are used. This study investigates regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 L) and medium-duty (6.4 L) diesel engines at idle and load and compares a biodiesel blend (B20) to conventional ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Exhaust aftertreatment devices included a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF). For the 1.7 L engine under load without a DOC, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of particulate matter (PM), elemental carbon (EC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to ULSD; however, formaldehyde brake-specific emissions increased. With a DOC and high load, B20 increased brake-specific emissions of NMHC, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), formaldehyde, naphthalene, and several other VOCs. For the 6.4 L engine under load, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of PM 2.5 , EC, formaldehyde, and most VOCs; however, NO x brake-specific emissions increased. When idling, the effects of fuel type were different: B20 increased NMHC, PM 2.5 , EC, formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOC emission rates from both engines, and changes were sometimes large, e.g., PM 2.5 increased by 60% for the 6.4 L/2004 calibration engine, and benzene by 40% for the 1.7 L engine with the DOC, possibly reflecting incomplete combustion and unburned fuel. Diesel exhaust emissions depended on the fuel type and engine load (idle versus loaded). The higher emissions found when using B20 are especially important given the recent attention to exposures from idling vehicles and the health significance of PM 2.5 . The emission profiles demonstrate the effects of fuel type, engine calibration, and emission control system, and they can be used as source profiles for apportionment, inventory, and exposure purposes.
Journal of Combustion
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an experimental research on the impact of mixing ratio of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and an innovative diesel fuel (in which a renewable component is contained) on the emissions of an up-to-date light and compact small engine that has a leading role in city cars and urban vehicles. Two blends’ mixing ratios (20% and 40% by volume) were tested and the results were compared to those obtained when the engine was operated with low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and ULSD blended with 15% by volume of renewable diesel. The results indicate that diesel+ enhances CO and HC emissions in the exhaust as regards ULSD. Blending diesel+ with WCO causes a further reduction for most of the engine operative field. Concerning particulate emission, accumulation mode dominates for all fuels. Diesel+ is always characterized by lower mean diameters as regards ULSD. The addition of WCO further reduces the court mean diameter. Particle number concentration obtained by fu...
2011
Particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel engine exhaust have been measured in terms of mass, using 99.98 % pure ethanol blended directly, without additives, with conventional diesel fuel (gas-oil),to get 10 % , 15 %, 20 % ethanol emulsions. The resulting PM collected has been compared with those from straight diesel. The engine used is a stationary single cylinder, variable compression ratio Ricardo E6/US. This engine is fully instrumented and could run as a compression or spark ignition. Observations showed that particulate matter (PM) emissions decrease with increasing oxygenate content in the fuel, with some increase of fuel consumption, which is due to the lower heating value of ethanol. The reduction in PM formation increased with load increase, maximum reduction were 58% at 1800 rpm. There was no significant reduction observed at low loads. It could be concluded from the test results that ethanol may be an alternative to / or partially substitute, fossil fuels. ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ : ...
Study of the emissions in the diesel engines: a review
Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 2018
Diesel engines are one of the main sources to supply the rapid growth of energy consumption worldwide. They have been widely used in the public and commercial transport sector due to their greater durability and efficiency. The current study in Diesel engines is focused on emissions from exhaust gases, as they are causing problems in human health and the ecosystem, because they contain dangerous substances, such as organic carbon, trace elements, elemental carbon and inorganic ions. In this paper, we study the different investigations on pollutant emissions in engines, focused on the mechanisms of formation of pollutants, the techniques to reduce these emissions and how they affect human health. With this, it will be possible to project the necessary improvements in this type of systems, to reduce the impact of these thermal machines on the environment.