Promoting physical activity among overweight and obese children: a randomised controlled trial comparing a physical activity program, a dietary program and a combined physical activity plus dietary program (original) (raw)
Related papers
Obesity Reviews, 2017
There is no consensus on interventions to be recommended in order to promote physical activity among overweight or obese children. The objective of this review was to assess the effects on objectively measured physical activity, of interventions promoting physical activity among overweight or obese children or adolescents, compared to no intervention or to interventions without a physical activity component. Publications up to December 2015 were located through electronic searches for randomized controlled trials resulting in inclusion of 33 studies. Standardized mean differences from baseline to post-intervention and to long-term follow-up were determined for intervention and control groups and meta-analysed using random effects models. The meta-analysis showed that interventions had no effect on total physical activity of overweight and obese children, neither directly post-intervention (À0.02 [À0.15, 0.11]) nor at long-term follow-up (0.07 [À0.27, 0.40]). Separate analyses by typology of intervention (with or without physical fitness, behavioural or environmental components) showed similar results (no effect). In conclusion, there is no evidence that currently available interventions are able to increase physical activity among overweight or obese children. This questions the contribution of physical activity to the treatment of overweight and obesity in children in the studied interventions and calls for other treatment strategies.
Analele Universităţii din Oradea. Fascicula Educaţie Fizică şi Sport, 2021
The development of boyhood overweight is usually related to maintaining the pathophysiological state in adulthood. Childhood overweight is characterized as the abnormal buildup of body weight in adipose tissue during childhood, which harms health. Increased physical behavior appeared linked to various health benefits, ranging from improved lipid and glucose homeostasis to endothelial function. Such health outcomes are usually independent of BMI changes. The prevention of boyhood adiposity is a global health priority. Because obesity is a complex condition, effective obesity prevention strategies must consider various factors (personal, environmental, and socio-economic). This article aims to review the benefits, importance, and advertising of physical behavior to children and emphasize the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism-physiologie Appliquee Nutrition Et Metabolisme, 2008
The increasing prevalence of obesity among the world's children and youth was the impetus for an international conference convened in Toronto, Canada, to examine issues related to physical activity and obesity in children (24-27 June 2007). The goal of the conference was to assimilate, interpret, and share scientific evidence with key stakeholders to develop recommendations concerning effective physical activity policies and programs to address obesity in children. The conference was attended by approximately 1000 delegates from 33 countries who gathered to listen to the invited speakers and to share information on promising practices related to the promotion of physical activity with the aim of reducing the burden of obesity in children. The major topics addressed at the conference included the biological and behavioural causes of obesity, current and past levels of physical activity and sedentarism in children, the role of the social, family, and built environments in addressing the physical activity deficit, and the role of legislation and industry in promoting physical activity. Promising physical activity interventions among children were presented, and important research, policy, and practice recommendations to address the issue of physical inactivity and obesity were provided.
BMC Public Health, 2008
Background: Effective interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children are urgently needed especially in inner-city neighbourhoods where prevalence of overweight and inactivity among primary school children is high. A school based intervention was developed aiming at the reduction of overweight and inactivity in these children by addressing both behavioural and environmental determinants. Methods/design: The main components of the intervention (Lekker Fit!) are the re-establishment of a professional physical education teacher; three (instead of two) PE classes per week; additional sport and play activities outside school hours; fitness testing; classroom education on healthy nutrition, active living and healthy lifestyle choices; and the involvement of parents. The effectiveness of the intervention is evaluated through a cluster randomized controlled trial in 20 primary schools among grades 3 through 8 (6-12 year olds). Primary outcome measures are BMI, waist circumference and fitness. Secondary outcome measures are assessed in a subgroup of grade 6-8 pupils (9-12 year olds) through classroom questionnaires and constitute of nutrition and physical activity behaviours and behavioural determinants. Multilevel regression analyses are used to study differences in outcomes between children in the intervention schools and in control schools, taking clustering of children within schools into account. Discussion: Hypotheses are that the intervention results in a lower prevalence of children being overweight and an improved mean fitness score, in comparison with a control group where the intervention is not implemented. The results of our study will contribute to the discussion on the role of physical education and physical activity in the school curriculum.
Overweight and obesity in childhood - how can physical activity help?
2006
Summary The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and youth is increasing worldwide. In Germany, between 10 to 20% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese. An excessive energy intake, decreased physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle have been implicated as risk factors besides a possible genetic predisposition and a low socio-economic status. Energy intake seems to have stabilised over the last decades, there- fore physical activity is in the centre of scientific interest. Data on children's activity and its correlation with obesity are sparse and inconsistent. Several studies described decreased motor abilities in overweight children compared to their normal weight counterparts, especially in co-ordination and endurance performance. Some authors found differences between the fitness of obese and non-obese children, others did not. Energy expenditure seems not to differ between overweight and normal weight children. There is a general agreement th...
Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children
International Journal of Obesity, 1999
The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and its concomitant health risks justify widespread efforts toward prevention. Although both diet and physical activity have been emphasized as appropriate interventions, the current paper focuses on the role of physical activity in obesity prevention. Children's levels of physical activity are highly variable, and may be in¯uenced by a multitude of factors including physiological, psychological, sociocultural and environmental determinants. Although the relationship between physical activity and obesity is controversial and the protective mechanism unclear, physical activity is hypothesized to protect individuals from the development of obesity by increasing energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and leading to a favourable fuel utilization. The bene®cial effect of physical activity in children is supported by controlled exercise intervention programs. Several broad-based public health interventions designed to increase children's levels of physical activity have been implemented in schools, families and communities, with results suggesting promising strategies for the prevention of childhood obesity. It is likely that successful prevention of childhood obesity through physical activity promotion will involve theory-based, culturally appropriate school, family and community interventions. Through policy changes, environmental planning and educational efforts in schools and communities, increased opportunities and encouragement for physical activity can be provided.
Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1993
The current high prevalence of childhood obesity and its co-morbidities is concomitant with a low level of physical activity and an abundance of sedentary pastimes for Westernised children. To increase the participation of a majority of children in a sustained physical activity, interventions require a fair understanding and consideration of the influences of this behaviour, especially as children are overweight or obese. Basically, the physical activity behaviour of children depends on biological, sociocultural and psychosocial factors and their interplay. The recent literature lends support to the fact that some psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and physical competence may be solid anchor points upon which to improve the participation of overweight and obese children in free-living physical activity. Thus, interventionists should first concentrate on improving these personal dimensions around which physiological and environmental factors might revolve. The development of motor skills may be a good means for enhancing the self-image of obese children.
Background. Obesity has become the most common pediatric chronic disease in the modern era. Early prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity is mandated. Surprisingly, however, only a minor fraction of obese children participate in weight reduction interventions, and the longer-term effects of these weight-reduction interventions among children have not been elucidated. Objective. To examine prospectively the short-and long-term effects of a 3-month, combined dietary-behav-ioral-physical activity intervention on anthropometric measures, body composition, dietary and leisure-time habits, fitness, and lipid profiles among obese children. Methods. In this randomized prospective study, 24 obese subjects completed the 3-month intervention and were compared with 22 obese, age-and gender-matched, control subjects. Results. At 3 months, there were significant differences in changes in body weight (2.8 2.3 kg vs 1.2 2.2 kg), BMI (1.7 1.1 kg/m 2 vs 0.2 1.0 kg/m 2), body fat percentage (from skinfold tests; 3.3 2.6% vs 1.4 4.7%), serum total cholesterol level (24.6 15.1 mg/dL vs 0.8 18.7 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (23.3 15.2 mg/dL vs 3.7 17.3 mg/dL), and fitness (215 107 seconds vs 50 116 seconds) in the intervention group versus the control group. After a 1-year follow-up period, there were significant differences between the intervention group (n 20) and the control group (n 20) in body weight (0.6 6.0 kg vs 5.3 2.7 kg), BMI (1.7 2.3 kg/m 2 vs 0.6 0.9 kg/m 2), and body fat percentage. There was a significant increase in leisure-time physical activity among the intervention participants, compared with a decrease among the control subjects. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate the short-and longer-term beneficial effects of a combined dietary-be-havioral-physical activity intervention among obese children. These results highlight the importance of multidisciplinary programs for the treatment of childhood obesity and emphasize their encouraging long-term effects. Pediatrics 2005;115:e443–e449. URL: www.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2011
The Biochemical Evaluation of a Health Intervention Programme (B.E. H.I.P.) investigated the impact of progressive exercise intensity in overweight and obese children. A 5-month prospective randomized crossover design (XA, immediate intervention; OB, control group; XB, delayed intervention, OA, postintervention follow-up) with a 10-week health intervention programme was employed. The intervention utilized a progressive increase in high-intensity exercise (≥75% maximum heart rate) and included 3 nutrition and 2 parent education sessions. Primary analysis was completed with (i) XA versus OB and (ii) all intervention participants (collapsed XA and XB = XAXB). Prepubertal overweight and obese male and female children (n = 27) between 5 and 10 years of age were randomly allocated to XA (n = 16; 11 females; waist circumference = 80.0 ± 10.6 cm) or OB (n = 11; 3 females; waist circumference = 76.6 ± 7.5 cm). The primary variables were heart rate and percent fat mass. All variables, including body composition, habitual activity, and serum lipids, were repeatedly measured for up to a maximum of 7 time points. Energy expenditure was quantitatively measured throughout each exercise class (n = 20). A significantly longer time in the exercise sessions was spent in high-intensity (35.1%-60.0%) versus low-to moderate-intensity (64.9%-40.0%) exercise as the intervention progressed from the first to the last attended exercise class (Fisher exact test, p < 0.0001). The percent fat mass decreased in all intervention participants (-2.2%, p < 0.0001). X A had a greater slope decrease than O B for percent fat mass (p = 0.00051) and triglycerides (p = 0.0467). In conclusion, high-intensity exercise, within a comprehensive health programme that includes nutrition education, improved the lipid and physiological health profiles of obese children.
Physical Activity and Obesity among Children and Adolescents-An Evidence Based Review
Background: One among the most serious public health challenges of this century is childhood obesity. The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has increased rapidly, with millions of children affected. Physical activity plays an important role in the prevention of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies published from 2011 to 2020 covering children and adolescents using key search terms such as Obesity in children and adolescents, Childhood obesity, prevalence of child hood obesity and Physical activity & childhood obesity. Results: Many study findings show that lack or limited physical activity has caused overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Childhood obesity is common among children with less physical activity and hence structured teaching programme and increasing the awareness regrading prevention of obesity among children and adolescents are recommended.