Preliminary evidencies for plant biomoleculs as possible tools against tomato phytobacterial infections (original) (raw)
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Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology
Tomato cultivation in Nigeria and around the world is seriously threatened by disease infection. Soilless cultivation and gene engineering are modern innovations used worldwide to ensure production of quality disease-free vegetables; yet annual crop loss still persists. In 2011, a commercial vegetable farm in Apẹtẹ, Ibadan, Nigeria was totally ravaged by a fleet of disease infection. 36 infected tomato samples were annihilated from 6 cultivars for laboratory analysis. Crude plant extracts were employed as treatments. The test plants were arranged in 4 × 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 (experimental plots) and 4 × 3 × 3 (control plot) layouts. The tomato plants were basically infected by fungal diseases. The disease symptoms were totally eradicated by the applied botanicals (100% healthy tomato plants). There was an appreciable increase in plant heights of the treated tomato plants (30.9 cm, 30.2 cm, 27.5 cm and 26.5 cm respectively) compared to those in the control plots (24.1 cm, 22.3 cm, 23.3 cm and 18.6 cm, respectively). The results obtained so far showed that plant extracts was an effective alternative for the systemic and hazardous chemicals used in tomato plant disease management.
4. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf.pdf
Antimicrobial compounds from herbal sources have good therapeutic potential. In this study, the antibacterial effects of ethanolic extraction of Cotoneaster nummularioides were evaluated for its effect on four food pathogenic bacteria (two gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus (PTCC 1015), Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1431) and two gram-negative bacteria; Salmonella Entrica (PTCC 1709) and Escherichia coli (PTCC 1399). The agar disk diffusion method and micro-broth dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The extract of C. nummularioides showed strong antibacterial activity against two gram-positive micro-organisms tested with higher sensitivity for Bacillus cereus (inhibition zone was 11 mm for the concentration of400mg/ml). Other concentrations of extract didn’t show strong inhibition zone on bacterial strains. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus)and MBC was >400 mg/ml for all bacterial strains.
Journal of health and rehabilitation research, 2024
Background: T Natural products have long been the focus of researchers aiming to improve human health, develop medicines with minimal adverse effects, and extend human lifespans. These products, derived from plants, animals, marine life, and microorganisms, contain secondary metabolites known as phytochemicals, which exhibit various biological activities. The current investigation aimed to assess the phytochemical properties and antimicrobial potential of Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. (CAZRI-358) against significant human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a phytochemical analysis and evaluate the inhibitory potential of crude alcoholic extracts of Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. against six important human pathogenic bacteria and three fungal strains. Methods: The plant material of Cenchrus ciliaris was shade-dried, crushed into powder, and successively extracted with methanol (CCWPM), hexane (CCWPH), and chloroform (CCWPC) using Soxhlet extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed using both disc diffusion and serial dilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (IZ) were calculated. The bacterial strains tested included Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (Gramnegative), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive). The fungal strains tested included Microsporum canis, Aspergillus clavatus, and Candida albicans. Standard drugs imipenem (for bacteria) and miconazole (for fungi) were used as positive controls. Results: The highest yield was found in the methanolic extract (41.25 mg/g). Methanolic extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity with MIC values of 90.98 ± 0.05 µg/mL and IZ of 39 mm against Escherichia coli, 92.11 ± 0.06 µg/mL and IZ of 39 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 95.33 ± 0.06 µg/mL and IZ of 39 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. The methanolic extract also exhibited significant antifungal activity with an MIC of 91.97 ± 0.03 µg/mL and IZ of 40 mm against Microsporum canis. Other extracts demonstrated notable but lesser antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. contains vital bioactive components with significant antimicrobial properties, particularly in methanolic extracts. These findings suggest its potential in developing treatments for infections, chronic diseases, and conditions like Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Further research is needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and understand their mechanisms of action.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2015
The present paper investigated the quantities of total polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, rosmarinic acid and thujone, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in 12 Salvia verbenaca L. extracts. The sample, prepared with 80% methanol using ultrasound extraction (UE) contained the highest levels of total polyphenols (236.44 ± 12.80 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g, 190.27 ± 9.89 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), tannins (187.81 ± 12.93 mg CE/g, 148.95 ± 10.00 mg GAE/g) and hydroxycinnamic derivatives (13.52 ± 0.24%), and was superior in the antimicrobial activity test. The highest amount of total flavonoids (10.55 ± 0.44 μg of rutin/mg) was quantified in the ethanolic extract prepared using UE. The extract made with 80% ethanol using UE had the highest rosmarinic acid level (94.00 ± 1.58 μg/mg) and was the most active in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The 80% methanolic extract made by maceration was the most active in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Thujone was absent from all extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The use of plants and products derived from plants has increased in the food industry in the past decade because of the comforts and advantages they provide when used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. The genus Salvia L. has been proven to be a relevant source of powerful natural antioxidant agents and preservatives used in food and medical products for centuries. The results indicate that Salvia verbenaca extracts are rich in polyphenolics, particularly in rosmarinic acid. The alcoholic extracts exerted significant levels of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities; therefore, the extracts of S. verbenaca could be potential sources of natural antimicrobial agents for food preservation. In addition, thujone, a neurotoxic monoterpene commonly present in Salvia species, was absent from all samples, which would allow extracts to be orally applicable. As an outcome of the proposed beneficial effects, S. verbenaca extracts could be used in functional foods and dietary supplements. Among the natural sources of food spoilage preventers, Salvia officinalis L. is reputed to have remarkable antimicrobial properties and comparable effects with synthetic preservatives. The genus Salvia L. has been proven as an important source of powerful natural antioxidants and preservatives used in food and health care products for bs_bs_banner
0 Effect of medicinal plant extracts on physiological changes in tomato Abdullahi21 37
The nematicidal and fungicidal effect of plant materials of two Iranian native plant species, Ferulago angulata and Zataria multiflora was evaluated. The interrelationship between M. javanica and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in susceptible local tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, was studied and their management by plant materials was evaluated in glasshouse conditions. The effects of different parts of these two medicinal plants, on growth-related parameters, the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and gas-exchange parameters of tomato were also determined. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of tested plant extracts on all tested parameters. On the basis of these tests, in Meloidogyne infected plants, leaf powder of F. angulata at the rate of 0.4 percent was most effective on tomato growth parameters, whereas in case of plants infected with both pathogens, stem powder of F. angulata at the same rate was the best treatment. Data showed that chlorophyll a, b and total, were significantly increased by treating the Meloidogyne infected plants as well as the plants infected with both pathogens, with leaf powder of Z. multiflora at the rate of 0.2 percent. In this treatment, the amount of chlorophyll was considerably more than the uninoculated control plants. In case of intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci), transpiration (E), photosynthesis rate (A), stomata conductance (Gs) and water use efficiency (WUE), the best treatments were leaf extract of Z. multiflora (0.4%), leaf powder of Z. multiflora (0.2%), leaf powder of Z. multiflora (0.4%), leaf extract of Z. multiflora (0.2%) and leaf extract of F. angulata (0.5%), respectively. The findings from this study suggest that the performance of L. esculentum can be improved by soil application of these plant materials. The results for the test of effects of different parts of plants on gall formation and reproduction rate of M. javanica on tomato plants, inoculated with nematode alone or combination of nematode and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, indicated a significant effect of plant materials on studied characters. On the basis of LSD test, stem powder of F. angulata at the rate of 0.4 percent was the most effective treatment in reducing the reproduction rate of the nematode, whereas the flower extract of this plant at the same rate significantly reduced the gall and egg-mass numbers.
Efficacy of plant extracts in plant disease management
The overzealous and indiscriminate use of most of the synthetic fungicides has created different types of environmental and toxicological problems. Recently, in different parts of the world, attention has been paid towards exploitation of higher plant products as novel chemotherapeu-tants in plant protection. The popularity of botanical pesticides is once again increasing and some plant products are being used globally as green pesticides. Pyrethroids and neem products are well established commercially as botanical pesticides and recently some essential oils of higher plants have also been used as an-timicrobials against storage pests because of their relatively safe status and wide acceptance by the consumers. Some of the volatile oils, which often contain the principal aromatic and flavouring components of herbs and spices, have been recommended as plant based antim-icrobials to retard microbial contamination and reduction in spoilage of food commodities. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical pesticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and post harvest protection of food products in developing countries.
Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2020
Background and Objective: with the significant increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases and the development of drug resistance by human pathogenic bacteria, there is a continuous need to discover new antimicrobial compounds from plants. Methods: four extracts of wild Myrtus communis L. berries (myrtle berries) were prepared with the addition of Cinnamomum verum and Eugenia caryophyllata. The extracts were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activities using agar-well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis cultures. Results: the inhibition zones ranged from 12 to 22 mm. The MICs values of extracts lies between the ranges of 30 to 100 mg/ml. Of the extracts studied, the most active ones were those obtained from the myrtle berries:cloves, myrtle berries:cinnamon:cloves with the highest inhibition zones 22 mm and 17mm against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes at 50 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml, respectively. None of the extracts was active against E. coli and P. mirabilis. Conclusion: the present investigations have exposed that the myrtle berries:cloves, myrtle ber-ries:cinnamon:cloves extracts could be used in traditional medicine as natural antimicrobial agents in treatment the bacterial infections.
Synergistic effects of ethanolic plant extract mixtures against food-borne pathogen bacteria
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014
Plant extracts are an important part in agroecology, as they benefit environment in combating pathogenic organisms, without resorting to synthetic chemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethanol extracts from semi-desert plants [creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), tarbush (Flourensia cernua) and paddle cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)] against Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved with the creosote bush-tarbush-paddle cactus mix (1:1:1) v/v, followed by paddle cactus-tarbush (1:1) v/v. E. coli was the bacterial strain that showed the highest growth inhibition as consequence of the concentration of plant extracts (4000 and 5000 ppm of tarbush). While with the creosote bush plant extracts, the highest inhibition halos were observed. Synergistic effects were observed when mixtures of ethanolic plant extract against food-borne pathogen bacteria were used, so this may be a better way to design alternative pathogen control methodologies for food-borne pathogen bacteria.
Technique of analyze plant phenolic compound 2012
Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.