Surface electromyographic signals using a dry electrode (original) (raw)
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Surface Electromyographic Signals Using Dry Electrodes
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000
For many electromyography (EMG) applications, a suitable dry electrode would simplify practical implementation of an EMG recording system. Wearable mobility monitoring is an example of such a system. Therefore, surface EMG signals, from Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) flexible dry electrodes and Orbital Research electrodes, were compared to signals from conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. EMG measurements were performed on the right tibialis anterior for a range of different activities, such as light twitches, isometric contractions, jumping, and walking. Signal feature comparisons, skin preparation effects (i.e., cleaning with isopropyl alcohol), and impedance-noise analyses were performed. Results showed that both dry electrodes had comparable sensitivity to the standard Ag/AgCl electrodes for detecting small unloaded muscle contractions and large loaded contractions. Results also showed that noise content and impedance are weakly correlated and skin preparation methods did not have a positive effect on skin/electrode impedance.
Flexible dry electrode for recording surface electromyogram
A new type of flexible dry electrode is examined for its suitable for surface electromyography (SEMG). SEMG signals were collected from the both biceps of a subject, using the dry electrodes and standard AgAgCl electrodes, during three tasks: 1) rest, 2) an isometric contraction, and 3) a dynamic contraction. Signal quality indices (signal-to-motion artifact ratio, maximumto-minimum drop in power ratio, signal to noise ratio, and power spectrum deformation) were computed to assess the SEMG. Results show that the dry electrodes can acquire SEMG signals that are nearly indistinguishable from the SEMG signals acquired using the AgAgCl electrodes. The dry electrodes did appear to exhibit a slightly high susceptibility to motion artifact; however, the motion artifact remained below 10 Hz, which can be filtered out for most SEMG applications.
Surface electromyography using textile-based electrodes
2012
Surface Electromyography (sEMG) is a fundamental method for study the biomechanical behavior of a person, allowing the extraction of valuable information for health professionals. This paper presents a research conducted with the purpose of developing textile electrodes for non invasive surface electromyography. Conducting fibers were used in a specifc arrangement taking into consideration SENIAM recommendations and embedded in a textile fabric. A comparison was made between conventional electrodes and the proposed ones. The results showed that the behavior is similar, which can constitute a valid alternative, overcoming some disadvantages such as the comfort for the user.
The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics
Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 1997
This lecture explores the various uses of surface electromyography in the field of biomechanics. Three groups of applications are considered: those involving the activation timing of muscles, the force/EMG signal relationship, and the use of the EMG signal as a fatigue index. Technical considerations for recording the EMG signal with maximal fidelity are reviewed, and a compendium of all known factors that affect the information contained in the EMG signal is presented. Questions are posed to guide the practitioner in the proper use of surface electromyography. Sixteen recommendations are made regarding the proper detection, analysis, and interpretation of the EMG signal and measured force. Sixteen outstanding problems that present the greatest challenges to the advancement of surface electromyography are put forward for consideration. Finally, a plea is made for arriving at an international agreement on procedures commonly used in electromyography and biomechanics.
European Community Projects on Surface Electromyography
2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001
Three European Projects dealing with Surface Electromyography (SEMG) are presented. Surface EMG for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM, 1996-2000) produced a set of European guidelines concerning EMG sensors, their positioning criteria, EMG processing, modeling and information extraction. Prevention of muscle disorders in operation of computer input devices (PROCID, 1998-2001) dealt with wire and surface EMG and provided insight in muscular
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2012
A 3 × 4 electrode array was placed over each of seven muscles and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected during isometric contractions. For each array, nine bipolar electrode pairs were formed off-line and sEMG parameters were calculated and evaluated based on repeatability across trials and comparison to an anatomically placed electrode pair. The use of time-domain parameters for the selection of an electrode pair from within a gridlike array may improve upon existing electrode placement methodologies.
Multi-Channel Surface Electromyography Electrodes: A Review
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016
This paper is a review of multi-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes used in research for investigating the properties of muscles. Over 300 papers from five recognized journals were examined from the year 2000 to 2013 with only 64 stating the use of multi-channel electrodes in their research. The review determined that multi-channel electrodes can be classified as Linear array or Two-Dimensional (2D) array electrodes. The 2D array are the basis for developing the High-Spatial-Resolution sEMG (HSR-sEMG) or High Density sEMG (HD-sEMG). The important factors considered in this review of the electrodes are (a) the material used, (b) the inter-electrode distance and (c) the configuration for collection of the electromyography signals. The basic configurations of the sEMG electrodes are monopolar, bipolar and double differential. It was found that the majority of the linear array electrodes were used to collect either bipolar or double differential signals. The 2D array electrodes were used to collect monopolar signals. The HSR-sEMG electrodes used a normal double differentiating filter, referred to as Laplacian configuration. The HD-sEMG has versatility being able to collect all types of signals such as monopolar, bipolar, double differential or signals filtered by Laplacian configuration. Index Terms-Electromyography, Multi-channel, Electrodes I. INTRODUCTION lectromyography or EMG is the term used for the study of electrical signals that are obtained from muscle activities by means of sensory electrodes. The word 'electromyography' itself is a combination of three Greek words, 'electron' which associates it with the use of electricity, 'myos' for 'muscle' and 'graph' for 'writing'. Electromyography means a method of recording and analysing electrical signals, when generated by the muscles performing muscular activities. The electrical signals sourced from any biological organism are referred to as 'bioelectrical' or 'biosignal'. These biosignals are processed and analysed for the purpose of classifications. Classifier based EMG characterization system has been widely used by researchers and clinicians as a valuable tool for investigating muscle conditions and an accurate diagnosis for neuromuscular disorders for further rehabilitations [1, 2].
Surface Electromyography Signal Processing and Application: A Review
Electromyography (EMG) is a study of muscles function through analysis of electrical activity produced from muscles. This electrical activity which is displayed in form of signal is the result of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most common techniques of EMG signal recording are by using surface and needle/wire electrode where the latter is usually used for interest in deep muscle. This paper will focus on surface electromyography (SEMG) signal. During SEMG recording, several problems had to be encountered such as noise, motion artifact and signal instability. Thus, various signal processing techniques had been implemented to produce a reliable signal for analysis. There are also broad applications of SEMG signal particularly in biomedical field. The SEMG signal had been analyzed and studied for various interests such as neuromuscular disease, enhancement of muscular function and human-computer interface.