Physiological and neuromuscular indices associated with sprint running performance (original) (raw)
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Physiological Responses in Male and Female 400m Sprinters
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Journal of Human Kinetics, 2017
This study analysed the relationships between sprinting, jumping and strength abilities, with regard to 800 m running performance. Fourteen athletes of national and international levels in 800 m (personal best: 1:43-1:58 min:ss) completed sprint tests (20 m and 200 m), a countermovement jump, jump squat and full squat test as well as an 800 m race. Significant relationships (p < 0.01) were observed between 800 m performance and sprint tests: 20 m (r = 0.72) and 200 m (r = 0.84). Analysing the 200 m run, the magnitude of the relationship between the first to the last 50 m interval times and the 800 m time tended to increase (1st 50 m: r = 0.71; 2nd 50 m: r = 0.72; 3rd 50 m: r = 0.81; 4th 50 m: r = 0.85). Performance in 800 m also correlated significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) with strength variables: the countermovement jump (r = -0.69), jump squat (r = -0.65), and full squat test (r = -0.58). Performance of 800 m in high-level athletes was related to sprint, strength and jumping abi...
Determinants of performance in 1,500-m runners
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012
Our aim was to investigate the relationship between physiological variables (not previously studied) and performance in elite 1,500-m runners. We assessed eight male athletes with an average personal best time of 233.3 ± 6.9 s (110% of the world record) for the 1,500-m race. Ventilatory measurements, maximal oxygen consumption ð _ VO 2max Þ; maximal vastus lateralis muscle deoxygenation (D[deoxy(Hb?Mb)]) max via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and maximal velocity (V max) were obtained during an incremental treadmill test. During subsequent constant-speed exercise at V max , we determined the time to exhaustion (Tlim), end-exercise blood lactate concentration ([La]b max), _ VO 2 and D[deoxy(Hb?Mb)] kinetics parameters. The mean _ VO 2max ; [La]b max and V max were 70.2 ± 3.9 mL kg-1 min-1 , 12.7 ± 2.4 mmol L-1 , 21.5 ± 0.5 km h-1 , respectively. _ VO 2 at V max showed a significant negative correlation with Tlim, whereas [La]b max was positively correlated with Tlim. Race speed was found to significantly correlate with D[deoxy(Hb?Mb)] max (79% of maximal value obtained during a transient limb ischemia), D[deoxy(Hb?Mb)] slow component (22.9 ± 9.3% of total amplitude) and [La]b max at V max. [La]b max at V max was also significantly correlated with D[deoxy(Hb?Mb)] slow component, suggesting a greater release of oxygen from the hemoglobin due to the Bohr effect. We conclude that both the maximal capacity of muscle to extract O 2 from the blood and the end-exercise blood lactate accumulation are important predictors of best performance in 1,500-m runners. Keywords Skeletal muscle bioenergetics Á Near-infrared spectroscopy Á Oxygen uptake kinetics Á Middle-distance runners Communicated by Guido Ferretti.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2018
Optimizing physical performance is a major goal in current physiology. However, basic understanding of combining high sprint and endurance performance is currently lacking. This study identifies critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance using multiple regression analyses of physiologic determinants at different biologic levels. Cyclists, including 6 international sprint, 8 team pursuit, and 14 road cyclists, completed a Wingate test and 15-km time trial to obtain sprint and endurance performance results, respectively. Performance was normalized to lean body mass to eliminate the influence of body size. Performance determinants were obtained from whole-body oxygen consumption, blood sampling, knee-extensor maximal force, muscle oxygenation, whole-muscle morphology, and muscle fiber histochemistry of musculus vastus lateralis. Normalized sprint performance was explained by percentage of fast-type fibers and muscle volume ( R = 0.65; P < 0.001) and normalize...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017
Sprint performance relies on many different mechanical and physiological factors. The purpose of this study was to identify, among a variety of strength-power exercises and tensiomyography parameters, the best predictors of maximum running speed in elite sprinters and jumpers. To test these relationships, nineteen power track and field athletes, 4 long jumpers and 15 sprinters (men: 12; 22.3 ± 2.4 years; 75.5 ± 8.3 kg; 176.5 ± 5.6 cm; women: 7; 23.8 ± 4.2 years; 56.9 ± 5.4 kg; 167.4 ± 5.8 cm) were assessed using different intensities of tensiomyography derived velocity of contraction (Vc), squat and countermovement jumps, drop jump at 45 and 75 cm; and a 60-m sprint time. In addition, the mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) outputs were collected in the jump squat (JS) and half squat exercises (HS). Based on the calculations of the Vc at 40 mA, the athletes were divided (by median split analysis) into two groups: higher and lower Vc 40 mA groups. The magnitude based-inference method was used to compare the differences between groups. The correlations between mechanical and functional measures were determined using the Pearson's test. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict sprint performance, using the Vc at 40 mA, jump heights, and JS and HS power outputs as independent variables. The higher Vc 40 mA group demonstrated likely better performances than the lower Vc 40 mA group in all tested variables. Large to nearly perfect significant correlations were found between sprint time, jump heights, and power outputs in both JS and HS exercises. Notably, the Vc 40 mA associated with the vertical jump height and MPP in JS explained > 70% of the shared variance in sprint times. In conclusion, it was found that faster athletes performed better in strength-power tests, in both loaded and unloaded conditions, as confirmed by the strong correlations observed between speed and power A C C E P T E D Copyright ª 2017 National Strength and Conditioning Association 2 measures. Lastly, the Vc also showed a marked selective influence on sprint and power capacities. These findings reinforce the notion that maximum running speed is a very complex physical capacity, which should be assessed and trained using several methods and training strategies.
Muscle power factors and VO2max as determinants of horizontal and uphill running performance
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 2000
This study was carried out to investigate the importance of maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) and so-called muscle power factors relating to neuromuscular and anaerobic characteristics as determinants of peak horizontal and uphill treadmill running velocity (V max ). Muscle power factors were measured as peak velocity (V MART ) and blood lactate concentration (Bla MART ) in a maximal anaerobic running test and as maximal 30-m run velocity (V 30m ). Seven middle-distance runners, eight triathletes and eight cross-country skiers performed an incremental VO 2maxtest at horizontal (subscript max0) and 7ae uphill (subscript max7) and the MART at 3ae uphill on a treadmill and V 30m -test on a track. The MART consisted of n ¡ 20-s runs with a 100-s recovery between the runs and the velocity was increased by 0.41 m ¡ s ª1 for each consecutive run until exhaustion. At 0ae V max was significantly higher but VO 2max , ventilation and Bla were significantly lower than
The use of various strength-power tests as predictors of sprint running performance
Backround. The present study assessed the relationship between various strength-power tests and maximal running velocity parameters. Methods. Nine trained males were tested on four separate occasions. On the first occasion the maximum running velocity (MRV), stride rate (SR) and stride length (SL) were measured over 35 m. On the second occasion maximal vertical jumps [squat jump (SJ), standing broad jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 30, 50 and 80 cm] were performed on a force platform: On the third occasion the maximal bilateral isometric force (MBIF) of leg extensors and the force time characteristics (f-t 10-30%, f-t 10-60% and f-t 10-90%) were determined using a leg extension machine connected to a force plate. On the final fouth occasion peak anaerobic power was measured via repeated 6 s maximum cycle sprints. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated for all the aformentioned parameters. Results. The correlation coefficients showed that MRV correlated significantly with f-t 10-60% and DJ30 (r = -0.73 and r =0.73, p<0.05 respectively). In addition, SR and SL showed significant, and critical for SR, relationship with f-t 10-60% (r = -0.82, p<0.01 and r = 0.75, p<0.05 respectively). Conclusions. The present findings suggest that the ability to produce force quickly, as measured by the time to achieve 60% of maximum voluntary contraction is related to sprinting performance, with the coefficient of determination accounting for 53% of the variance in the data. These data also showed that sprinting ability is linked with drop jumping performance, especially the drop jump from a height of 30 cm. It is suggested that the above tests may prove useful in preparing and testing the sprinting ability and sprint specific strength levels.
isara solutions, 2010
This study is conducted on different physiological variables among State Level Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners. The main aim of the study is the comparison between Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners with different physiological variables resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital lungs capacity, maximum oxygen consumption Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners. In present study investigator has taken a total of 60 players (30 sprinters and 30 Middle Distance Runners). For interpretation of data a comparative analysis of the selected variable, the‘t’ test is applied. The data of both groups are collected separately for both the variable. Statistic such as mean and standard deviation is computed. The level significance is set at 0.05. It is found the Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners do not have significant deference between the variables: resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital lungs capacity, maximum oxygen consumption.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
This study aimed to compare sprint, jump performance, and sprint mechanical variables between endurance-adapted milers (EAM, specialized in 1500–3000-m) and speed-adapted milers (SAM, specialized in 800–1500 m) and to examine the relationships between maximal sprint speed (MSS), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), sprint, jump performance, and sprint mechanical characteristics of elite middle-distance runners. Fifteen participants (8 EAM; 7 SAM) were evaluated to obtain their maximal aerobic speed, sprint mechanical characteristics (force–velocity profile and kinematic variables), jump, and sprint performance. SAM displayed greater MSS, ASR, horizontal jump, sprint performance, and mechanical ability than EAM (p < 0.05). SAM also showed higher stiffness in the 40-m sprint (p = 0.026) and a higher ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RF) at 10 m (p = 0.003) and RFpeak (p = 0.024). MSS and ASR correlated with horizontal (r = 0.76) and vertical (r = 0.64) jumps, all sprint split times...
Determinants of 300 and 1000 Meters Running Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes
Journal of physical education and sports management, 2019
This study aims to define the running performance parameters in young track athletes using simple field tests. Twenty seven young athletes, divided in two age groups (Children, CH, 12-13 years old and Young Adolescents, YA, 14-15 years old), performed a 300 and 1000m time trial (t300m and t1000m, respectively), as well as aerobic and anaerobic field tests. For both groups, t1000m performance correlates were primarily aerobic (r=-0.866-0.899) and secondarily anaerobic (r=-0.519-0.846) and anthropometric (r=0.698-0.770), while t300m performance correlates were primarily anaerobic (r=-0.553-0.898) and secondarily aerobic (r=-0.638-0.656) and anthropometric (r=-0.638). t1000m was predicted from aerobic, anaerobic and anthropometric factors (CH: adjusted R 2 =0.948, SEE=6.86 sec, YA: adjusted R 2 =0.982, SEE=5.83 sec). For the t300m the power output and anthropometric parameters were most important (CH: adjusted R 2 =0.406, SEE=3.97 sec, YA: adjusted R 2 =0.871, SEE=2.13 sec). Simple field tests can estimate running performance with sufficient accuracy in young track athletes.