Design of SIPC-based complementary LC-QVCO in 0.18- µ m CMOS technology for WiMAX application (original) (raw)
Related papers
Microelectronics …, 2010
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to design and realize a low-phase noise, high-output power, and high-tuning range, fully integrated source injection parallel coupled (SIPC)-based inductor-capacitor (LC)-quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) covering WiMAX frequency range in 0.18-mm deep submicron CMOS technology. Design/methodology/approach -A pMOS based-SIPC LC-QVCO topology is realized with the center frequency of 2.58 GHz. On chip spiral inductor is integrated with substantial quality factor, Q coupled with underlying pattern ground shield (PGS) shielding. An enhanced tuning range is achieved by integrating the diode connected MOS-based varactors. The CMOS-based autonomous SIPC LC-QVCO circuit was characterized for its output phase noise, tuning range and power spectrum response via wafer probing, utilizing a signal source analyzer (Agilent E5052 A). Findings -A quadrature oscillator catering to the needs of local oscillator (LO) generation covering the frequency range of WiMAX is realized. The parallel coupled architecture adapts direct source coupling, bypassing the LC resonator tank and relaxes the close in phase noise up-conversion. The design consumes 2.19 mm 2 of active chip area and measures a phase noise of 2 114.34 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz of offset frequency with 2.67 GHz of output frequency at 0.9 V of input tuning voltage. The corresponding output power measures to be 210.1 dBm, well suited for mixer hard switching. The design is realized in one poly, six metal 0.18-mm standard CMOS technology. Research limitations/implications -Owing to convergence discrepancy in the analysis, a diode-connected MOS varactor is adapted in contrary to the accumulation mode MOS varactors with superior tuning range. Practical implications -The designed SIPC LC-QVCO is of need in the generation of low-phase noise, highly matched quadrature LO generation covering the WiMAX frequency range. The adapted parallel coupling also relaxes the voltage headroom limitation. Originality/value -This paper shows how a fully integrated CMOS-based SIPC LC-QVCO architecture is adapted with low-output phase noise and low voltage headroom consumption covering the WiMAX frequency range.
Low Phase Noise Wide Tuning Range LC Oscillator for RF Application Using Varactor Bank
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2019
This paper presents the design of a QVCO (Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator) with high tuning range and low phase noise for Radio Frequency applications. The proposed VCO has been designed to produce quadrature signal by using cross coupled topology. Extra pair of MOSFETS are added to improve the quality factor of the LC tank, which helps to improve the phase noise. The tuning range of VCO ranges from 3.8 GHz to 4.52 GHz, which is nearly 20%. Additionally, the obtained phase noise is -120.31 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency. The observed power dissipation is 13.21 mW.
A new low-phase noise direct-coupled CMOS LC-QVCO
IEICE Electronics Express, 2009
A new LC quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (LC-QVCO), made with direct coupling of two CMOS LC-VCOs, is presented. In the proposed circuit two identical cross-connected LC-VCOs are coupled together by directly connecting the bulk of the crossconnected transistors of one VCO to the bulk of the MOS varactors of the other VCO in such a way no extra devices are needed for coupling. Thus, no extra noise sources and power consumption are added to the core VCOs and results in high performance of QVCO. A Linear analysis of the circuit and the result of simulation in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology are presented. The same proposed coupling scheme can be used for multiphase signal generation as well. Simulation shows the proposed QVCO can operate with supply voltage as low as 0.5 V .
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2012
A modified coupled method for multiphase oscillator is proposed and demonstrated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. A self-injection-coupled (SIC) technique is used to couple two current-reused differential voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Compared with the conventional parallel-coupled quadrature VCO (QVCO), the proposed QVCO using the SIC technique presents low phase noise without increasing dc power consumption. The proposed SIC-QVCO at 16.28 GHz demonstrated a low phase noise of −125 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency and a tuning range of 290 MHz. The dc supply voltage and current consumption are 1.8 V and 6 mA, respectively. The chip size of the proposed SIC-QVCO is 0.75 × 0.6 mm 2 .
Bonfring
This paper presents theoretical analysis of the maximum operating frequency of proposed Source Degeneration (SD) and Conventional CML D-Latch are estimated. The approach is based on the voltage transfer function, which is derived from small signal model of the circuit. Design approach with pre and post layout simulation results have been presented in detail and compared the performance in terms of power consumption, self oscillation frequency, sensitivity and supply voltage. With example shows the, all pMOS Voltage Controlled Oscilaator (VCO) with MOS capacitor switched capacitor array (SCA) generates the high frequency sinewave reference signals fed in to both divider for to get quadrature (Q) sinewave signals. Off Chip Bondwire inductor is used instead of on chip spiral inductor in all-pMOS VCO as it have high quality factor. Also, it will neglect the variations of carrier frequency and it gives additional performance like phase noise, power consumption, area than using spiral inductor. Even if use spiral inductor in all-pMOS VCO, Bondwire inductor also presents due to low impedance path between drain and ground terminal. Various optimization techniques are implemented while designing a QVCO, which facilitates is used to achieve a low power low phase noise performance. Compared to other types of QVCO, the conventional QVCO shows good phase noise performance than normally achieved 6 dB phase noise improvement with carrier frequency. The simulated results shows about 5 dB, 4 dB, 4 dB and 4 dB of phase noise improvement at 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz and 3 MHz offset frequency from the 2.4 GHz carrier frequency. This combinational topology doesn?t consume additional power and area than others and shows with improved phase noise performance. The pre and post layout simulation results are compared of both proposed (SD) and conventional QVCO, which is designed in 180 nm CMOS technology as 1V.
Analysis and design of a 1.8GHz CMOS LC quadrature VCO
IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2002
This paper presents a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) based on the coupling of two LC-tank VCOs. A simplified theoretical analysis for the oscillation frequency and phase noise displayed by the QVCO in the 1 3 region is developed, and good agreement is found between theory and simulation results. A prototype for the QVCO was implemented in a 0.35m CMOS process with three standard metal layers. The QVCO could be tuned between 1.64 and 1.97 GHz, and showed a phase noise of 140 dBc/Hz or less across the tuning range at a 3-MHz offset frequency from the carrier, for a current consumption of 25 mA from a 2-V power supply. The equivalent phase error between I and Q signals was at most 0.25 .
Very low noise current- shaped optimally coupled CMOS LC quadrature VCO
IEICE Electronics Express, 2010
This paper presents a new low phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO). Coupling phase shifts of 90 • in conjunction with center-tapped capacitor impedance transformers are exploited to optimally couple two VCOs. DC and AC path of the switching and coupling pairs are de-coupled to allow operation in saturation for large oscillation amplitudes. The switching and coupling transistor pairs operate in class-C mode which increases the DC to RF efficiency. Also, these transistors alternate from strong inversion to accumulation region, decreasing the intrinsic device flicker noise. Simulations confirm the superiority of the proposed circuit in comparison with the prior published QVCOs in terms of phase noise performance.
Analysis and Design of a CMOS Phase-Tunable Injection-Coupled LC Quadrature VCO (PTIC-QVCO)
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2009
This paper presents the design, analysis, and characterization of a low-power, low-phase-noise, phase-tunable injection-coupled LC quadrature oscillator (PTIC-QVCO). Two LC VCOs are superharmonically coupled in quadrature phase via a frequency doubler that injects a synchronizing signal at the common source node of the negative transconductor stage. Conceptual and analytical models of the circuit are introduced to derive the conditions for quadrature operation and examine the circuit parameters affecting the phase imbalance due to mismatched VCOs. Additionally, a tunable tail filter (TTF) is incorporated to calibrate the residual quadrature imbalance in presence of a 3-variation in the device parameters and drive the oscillator to its optimum phase noise performance. To validate the proposed approach, measurements have been carried out on a 9 GHz prototype implemented in a 0.18 m RF CMOS process. With core current consumption of 5 mA at 1.8 V supply voltage, the circuit achieves a measured phase noise figure-of-merit ranging from 177.3 to 182.6 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset along the 9.0 to 9.6 GHz frequency tuning range. Quadrature phase correction of 11 0 at 9 GHz is demonstrated.
A CMOS 3.3-8.4 GHz wide tuning range, low phase noise LC VCO
2009
A novel inductor switching technique is used to design and implement a wideband LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in 0.13µm CMOS. The VCO has a tuning range of 87.2% between 3.3 and 8.4 GHz with phase noise ranging from −122 to −117.2 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. The power varies between 6.5 and 15.4 mW over the tuning range. This results in a Power-Frequency-Tuning Normalized figure of merit (PFTN) between 6.6 and 10.2 dB which is one of the best reported to date.
Design of wide-band cmos vco for multiband wireless lan applications
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2003
In this paper, a general design methodology of low-voltage wide-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) suitable for wireless LAN (WLAN) application is described. The applications of high-quality passives for the resonator are introduced: 1) a single-loop horseshoe inductor with 20 between 2 and 5 GHz [1] for good phase noise performance; and 2) accumulation MOS (AMOS) varactors with max min ratio of 6 [2] to provide wide-band tuning capability at low-voltage supply. The adverse effect of AMOS varactors due to high sensitivity is examined. Amendment using bandswitching topology is suggested, and a phase noise improvement of 7 dB is measured to prove the concept. The measured VCO operates on a 1-V supply with a wide tuning range of 58.7% between 3.0 and 5.6 GHz when tuned between 0.7 V. The phase noise is 120 dBc/Hz at 3.0 GHz, and 114.5 dBc/Hz at 5.6 GHz, with the nominal power dissipation between 2 and 3 mW across the whole tuning range. The best phase noise at 1-MHz offset is 124 dBc/Hz at the frequency of 3 GHz, a supply voltage of 1.4 V, and power dissipation of 8.4 mW. When the supply is reduced to 0.83 V, the VCO dissipates less than 1 mW at 5.6 GHz. Using this design methodology, the feasibility of generating two local oscillator frequencies (2.4-GHz ISM and 5-GHz U-NII) for WLAN tranceiver using a single VCO with only one monolithic inductor is demonstrated. The VCO is fabricated in a 0.13-m partially depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process.