Technical efficiency in the spice based agroforestry sector in Matale district, Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Growers' knowledge on spices cultivation in Shibganj upazila under Bogura district
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 102-107, June, 2020
The main objective guided the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the growers on spices cultivation practice in Shibganj upazila under Bogura district. Three unions of the upazila were purposively selected based on the vicinity to the Spices Research Center, Bogura. Data were collected from selected growers using predesigned structured interview schedule. Eleven selected characteristics of the growers were considered as independent variables. As dependent variable, knowledge on spices cultivation practice was calculated by construction of a scale containing thirteen relevant questions. Coefficient of correlation was employed to determine the relationship between the selected characteristics of the growers and their knowledge on spices cultivation practice. Majority (67.8%) of the growers were middle aged, the highest portion (61.1%) of them belonged to primary level education. Major proportion (60.0%) of them had small family size, almost all of them (98.9%) possessed small to medium farm size, and huge majority (87.8%) of them earned up to BDT 240000 annually. About three-fourth (73.3%) of the farmers had medium extension contact, half of them (50.0%) had poor training experience while 40.0 percent of them had medium innovativeness. Great majority (85.5%) of the farmers had small to medium spices cultivation area (up to 0.6 ha) while almost three-fourth (72.2%) of them had medium to long durational (11 to above 20 years) practice of spices cultivation. Majority (65.6%) of them had moderate knowledge on spices cultivation technology compared to more than one-fourth (26.7%) having high knowledge and only 7.7 percent had low knowledge on the same. None of the selected characteristics showed significant relationship with the knowledge on spices cultivation practice.
Spice production and marketing in Kaffa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(2): 22-30, Dec 2023
Ethiopia has favorable climate conditions for the production of spices, herbs, aromatic and medicinal plants useful for flavoring food, aroma, therapeutic and marketing for cash income. Ethiopian is the largest consumer of spices in Africa, but the contribution of spice to the national economy is meager. The study area is endowed with diversified spice types with different purposes. However, it is not well announced, attention is not given and still many spices are growing in the wild. However, it is not well announced, attention is not given, and many spices are still collected from the wild. This study aimed to assess spice production and marketing in Kaffa biosphere reserve. This study was undertaken in four districts of Kaffa zone including Tello, Gimbo, Shishoende and Decha districts by selecting one representative kebele from each district. The data collection method used for this study is a household survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussion. Out of the total sampled 89% of sampled households participate and produce diversified types of spice. Korarima, red pepper, rue, ginger, turmeric, bush tea, holey basil, machewolago, aemacho nechamacho, coriander, rosemary, onion, long pepper and lemon grass were identified at the household survey. About 60.9% of the sample households provide spice products to market and the sample households generate a mean income of 1,611.14 ETB from spice product marketing. Most sampled households ranked themselves at low and very low knowledge levels on spice production and marketing. Spices are mainly produced in the home garden area for consumption. The main challenges for spice production in the study area are the unavailability of improved variety, low attention given by government and stakeholders, unavailability of the market, lack of knowledge and skill on production and post-harvest handling, low-value addition practice and unavailability of recommended practice. Creating a market for spice products and promotion is needed its importance and give attention to spice production. Training is needed for the farming community on spice cultivation, management, post-harvest handling and processing.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MAJOR SPICES IN GUJARAT STATE
The study examines growth performance of major spice crops in Gujarat state for different districts. The study reveals that growth performance of major spice crops was found to be significant increase in production (11.35% / annum) and yield (3.82% / annum) in Gujarat during 1994-95 to 2012-13. The area under spices increased at the highest rate (10.37%/ annum) in Saurashtra region while the highest rate of increase in production (22.95 % / annum) and yield (14.33%/ annum) was observed in South Gujarat region. The lowest indices of instability of area (15.42) and production showed its stability in traditionally spices grown region of North Gujarat. The district of Porbandar, Dang and Narmada registered the highest rate of growth, respectively in area, production and yield of species. The negative and significant growth of productivity of spices, in Junagadh and Porbandar districts and non significant growth in Saurashtra region shows the matter of concern for the region.
2021
The spices of the region are very famous for its chemical properties as well as a good source of income and livelihood of the farmers of North Eastern Hill Region (hereafter; NEHR) of India. The produce of the region has been recognised as organic by default. Spice growers are coming forward for value addition locally and it helps in additional income of the farmer. Hence, systematic economic analysis of these spices of the region was immense for further intervention into it. Therefore, a four year (2017-18 to 2020-21) NIAP-CAU collaborative study was for three major spices viz, ginger, turmeric and chilli was conducted. The state of Sikkim (Organic adopter) was taken as a control in contrast to traditional (non-adopter of organic method) to realize the accrued economic benefits from the organic method. Similarly, 91, 53 and 48 stakeholders involved into post harvest arrangements of ginger, turmeric and chilli, respectively, were selected. Cost and returns, factors share, ANOVA, Paired sample t-test were applied for logical inferences of primary data. The results of cost of cultivation of selected organically grown spices were found to be economically beneficial in the region. These economic benefits were realized even just double on organic farms. Hence, organic cultivation may be an instrument to double the farm income of the farmers of the region. The factors' share analysis has provided the way forward for intervention of small sized suitable machine as all agronomic activities performed manually which shared highest in production of spices. The existing local level value addition in spices proved that the semi-processed and processed produce fetched higher prices at each stage of its marketing. Although, very less number of spice growers had adopted value addition of spices. Hence, realizing the economic benefits of organic spice through extension machinery of the respective states, establishment of industry to develop suitable machines in each of the state, establishing cluster based agro-processing units of spices in each of the state and popularizing 'vocal for local' through entrepreneurial development for local inputs and products is need of the hours. Further, these interventions would provide a better opportunity for employment to the rural youth. Hence, these unexplored benefits must be tapped for betterment of rural economy of the region.
Production and Productivity of Spices in Dimapur and Kohima Districts of Nagaland
The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
With the increasing population of Nagaland, the demand and supply for consumption had also increased. The population of Nagaland in 2020 was recorded as 2.19 million. Also, Nagaland been in a mountainous side with a very good climatic conditions to grow diversified crops and plants among them are also spices. With the growing of spices, it can also generate employment opportunities. The study had revealed that the spices grown are not only used for flavoring and seasoning of food but also used as home remedies for different purposes. It had shown that in Dimapur district among the major spices grown the production of turmeric had a very good increase in production of 4555 MT in 2010-2018. Followed by garlic 130 M. T in 2010-2018.Likewise in Kohima district cardamon and Naga king chili had a very good production. The production of cardamom had increased by 70 M T in 2010 to 2013 and Naga king chili to 513 M.T in 2010 to 2013. The Net area sown had also increased by 21363 hectares in ...
TECHNOLOGY AND INFESTATION OF SPICES & PLANTATION PRODUCTS
The potential of spice essential oils as medicines is yet to be fully realized. Modern research has only changed the terminology of the traditional beliefs but it has been confirmed that the traditional uses of spice oils were not incorrect. It is only that with time the terminology has changed. A spice essential oil has a plethora of benefits similar to herb extracts.
An Assessment of Market Landscape of Cinnamon in Sri Lanka
Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka, 2020
Purpose : The cinnamon trade is not only Sri Lanka's oldest trade but the only trade where it holds a monopoly in the world market. Being the leading supplier of true cinnamon to the international market, Sri Lanka is still unable to cater the global demand. Our approach mainly focused to investigate, map and analyze the market landscape of Ceylon cinnamon. Research Method : Industry insights were drawn from 675 cinnamon growers, 485 peelers, 220 collectors, 50 balers/exporters, 30 value added producers and 50 consumers from Galle, Matara, Kalutara and Ratnapura districts. Stratified and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select appropriate samples. Primary data were collected using internet-based data collection techniques and traditional data collection tools.
IMPACT OF LAND SIZE ON PRODUCTIVITY, INCOME AND PROFITS FROM PEPPER CULTIVATION IN SRI LANKA
Pepper is an important spice crop grown in Matale District of Sri Lanka, for exports and domestic consumption. Varieties of pepper grown are Sri Lankan local variety and 'Panniyur'. Pepper production had shown variations over the years due to poor management and low productivity. This study analyzed and compared the production levels and costs, income and profitability of pepper cultivation among small and large scale pepper farmers. A stratified random sample of 120 farmers, consisting of 76 small famers (<5 acre farms) and 44 large farmers (>5 acre farms) were selected for study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and mean comparisons were performed. The average extent of land under pepper cultivation was significantly different (P<0.01) with 3.49 acres for small farms and 8.85 acres for large farms, and 66% of lands were under local pepper varieties. Fertilizer was the only input applied by both group of farmers. The mean yield of pepper was 636 kgs and 560 kgs per acre for small and large farms respectively and did not differ significantly. Mean comparison showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in cost of production, income from pepper sales and profits from pepper between small and large farmers. There were no significant differences in farm gate prices received for raw and processed pepper by small and large scale farmers. It can be concluded that there is significant differences between small and large scale pepper farmers in the extent cultivated, incomes received, cost of production and profits earned, while there is no differences in the prices received for raw and processed pepper.
Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 2021
Background: This survey is the first extensive and large-scale spice plant assessment in four different spices marketplaces of district Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study offers the first significant catalog of spice prices, the chain of collection, production, trade pattern and consumption. Methods: Consultation, personal observations, and group discussions with 90 informants (10% women and 90% male) using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted. Results: A total of 45 spice taxa belonging to 21 families were documented. The data were examined using various ethnoecological indices such as UV (Use Value), RFC (Relative Frequency of Citation), UR (Use Report), and CIV (Cultural Importance Value). Amongst all the taxa, the plant having the highest Use Value were Coriandrum sativum (0.783), used as Anti-cholesterol and carminative, Ocimum basilicum (0.742) for kidney problems, insomnia, and snake bites, and Piper nigrum (0.732) for cough. The UV ranged from 0.07 (Mangifera indica) to 0.78 (Coriandrum sativum). The most used spices plant parts were fruits (35.56%), trailed by seeds (28.89%), leaves (11.11%), bulb, bark, and rhizome (4.44%). RFC ranged from 0.16 (Mangifera indica) to (Coriandrum sativum) 0.82. The maximum RFC value was documented for Coriandrum sativum (0.822), trailed by Papaver somniferum (0.788), Cuminum cyminum, Ocimum basilicum, and Piper nigrum (0.777) each. Curcuma longa (0.65) had the maximum mCI (mean Cultural Importance) while the Mangifera indica (0.04) had the lowest. The majority off spice plants parts traded was imported (41 species, 91.11%) from India, China, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iran, Brazil, and Nepal. Most of them were transported from Pakistan from different cities and provinces in Pakistan like Lahore, Karachi, Faisalabad, Gilgit, Peshawar, Quetta, and Multan into district Bannu. The minimum number of spice plants (8 species, 17.77%) were collected or cultivated locally. The spices plant having the highest trade price per kg (PKR 525000, US$ 3365) was Crocus sativus which is imported from Gilgit-Baltistan and China, while the lowest trade price was documented for Allium sativum (PKR 75, US$ 0.4) which is imported and also grown locally. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 2 Conclusions: The current study suggests that more detailed research would be highly interesting, as the district is well known for spices and medicinal plants.
Spice Production, Marketing, and Utilization in South Wollo, Ethiopia
2017
Spice crops have been produced and used in Ethiopia from time immemorial. Ethiopia has varied agro ecologies that support the growing of a wide variety of spice crops. Several indigenous and exotic spice crops are cultivated widely in the country by smallholder farmers. The spice sub-sector has immense potential for economic development and poverty reduction in the country. However, the potential of the sub-sector has not been fully exploited and the production and use of the crop has not received sufficient research and extension. Nevertheless, there is very high potential to produce and use spice crops in south Wollo. Farmers are growing different types of spice crops at a very small scale in the region. The climate and soils are suitable for producing the crops. However, farmers’ efforts to produce, use, and trade the crop has not been sufficiently supported by extension services. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2004/2005 to elucidate the potential of the production, use, and...