Comparative Study of Used and Unused Engine Oil (Perodua Genuine and Castrol Magnatec Oil) based on Property Analysis basis (original) (raw)
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Comparative Investigation of Wear Metals in Virgin and Used Lubricant Oils
Four samples of virgin lubricating oils were categorized as A1, B1, C1 and D1 while their used oil counterparts were designated as A2, B2, C2 and D2 respectively. A dry ash method was adopted for digestion of the samples in a 1:1 ratio (w/v) of oil: concentrated H 2 SO 4 followed by dissolution with 2 M HNO 3 acid. The digested samples were separately subjected to flame atomic photometry analysis for alkali and alkaline earth metals while other metals were subjected to atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The specific densities of the virgin oils fell within the range of 0.941–0.952 while their corresponding used oil values ranged between 0.923 and 0.932. The viscosity value ranges obtained were 72.77–79.27 cp for virgin oil and 64.27–79.27 cp for used oil. The wear metal concentrations determined for virgin oil were in the range of 110–150, 17–1957, 5.0–53.3, 1.1–1.7, 3.2–14.1, 2.7–5.2, 1.5–5.4, 45.13–106.8, 46.1–61.0 mg/kg for Na, Mg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn, respectively. Their corresponding used oil metal concentrations were in the range of 99–193, 72–2567, 150–810, 1.1–20.3, 5.1–754, 2.4–5.13, 3.2–6.2, 13.0–73.6 and 30.6–50.7 mg/kg respectively for the same metal ions. Among the investigated metal ions of C2, Pb made up 20.63% while Cr made up 56.53% of B2. The information about these metal concentrations will be helpful in monitoring and maintaining vehicles and machine engines while also indicating which metals could be quantitatively recovered and thereby being used to solve environmental problems. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: atomic absorption spectroscopy, new and old oil, index ratio, vehicle engine oil
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Fresh engine oils or engine lubricants lose some of their properties during service, engine lubricant deterioration leads to change in oil properties, which ultimately have effect on engine overall performance. Therefore, it is very important to characterize used engine lubricants at different using conditions to check the performance and ability of existing oils, which in turn protects engine parts and also designs new formulations to produce better type of engine oil or improve the existing oil. Therefore, optimizing engine oil lubricant changing time is very important for reducing environmental impact but renewing engine lubricant before it is due rises a customer’s cost. In this study, the most significant parameters such as kinematic viscosity, flash point and fire point were chosen to determine the changes and deterioration in engine oil properties. The oil samples were multigrade fully synthetic with SAE gradation 10W-30 grand ecodrive is used in 5 different passenger cars. ...
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Fresh engine oils or engine lubricants lose some of their properties during service, engine lubricant deterioration leads to change in oil properties, which ultimately have effect on engine overall performance. Therefore, it is very crucial to specify used engine lubricants at various conditions to check the performance and ability of used oils, which in turn protects engine parts and designs new formulations to produce better type of engine oil or improve the existing oil. In this study, most significant parameters such as kinematic viscosity, flash and fire points were chosen to find out physical properties deterioration in engine oil properties. The oil samples were multigrade fully synthetic with SAE gradation 10W-30 grand Eco drive is used in 5 different passenger cars. Having information about these properties are crucial chemical and physical behaviors of engine oils and for keeping its lifecycle. The results of the study show that after using it for more than 10,000 km, 10W-30 Delta NL motor oil brand (special synthetic with API SL) oil properties such as viscosity at cold ignition, 40 °C and 100 °C dropped 22.92%, 23.61% and 26.13% respectively. In addition, both flash point and fire point decreased 15.6% and 14.22%%, respectively, from the base properties. According to the test results this type of engine oil can be used for 10,000 km.
Determination of appropriate tractor engine lubricating oil change based on hours of operation or distance travelled lead to wastage of resources/ premature failure of machine components as some tractor operators unnecessarily use to over throttle engines during clutching in order to impress others. Oil analysis has been used to assess the overall stress being encountered during operations with varied torque/speed characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the presence and level of wear elements in engine lubricating oil of tractors using inductively coupled plasma and optical emission spectroscopy (ICP&OES) technique and comparing the results with earlier results obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) on the same samples. The comparison between AAS and ICP&OES was based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncans Multiple range test (DMRT). The two statistical methods show significant differences between the tractors in five elements (Zinc, Chromium, Nickel, Copper and Iron) using AAS versus seven (Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Copper, Iron, Cobalt and Manganese) with ICP&OES. The ICP&OES results precisely showed that tractor number six was the most mishandled by its operator. The study recommends regular monitoring of wear elements using ICP&OES technique over AAS.