Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Tigris River and children diarrhea (original) (raw)
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International Journal of …, 2010
We have assessed the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in diarrhoeal patients and surface waters from some selected sources in Zaria (Nigeria), evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of 184 E. coli isolates, obtained from 228 water samples and 112 diarrhoeal stool specimens (collected from children aged <15 years), using standard methods. The detection rate of E. coli O157 in surface waters was 2.2% and its prevalence in children with diarrhoea was 5.4%. The most active antibiotics were gentamicin, chloramphenicol and fluoroquinolones. Seventy-nine (42.9%) of 184 E. coli isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was higher amongst aquatic isolates than the clinical isolates. Out of 35 MDR isolates (20 of which were O157 strains), 22 (62.9%) harboured plasmids all of which were no less than 2.1 kb in size. Amongst the 20 E. coli O157 strains, only seven (35.0%) contained multiple plasmids. An aquatic O157 isolate containing two plasmids was resistant to seven drugs, including ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2007
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibioresistance profile and the virulence and pathogenicity hallmarks of Escherichia coli acquatic strains. Material and methods. 100 environmental Escherichia coli were isolated from drinking water (50) and marine water (50) in Constanta, Romania. They were identified both by biochemical and serological tests. Both the disc diffusion susceptibility test and the microplate dilution technique were used to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile of these bacteria. The rapid test to nitrocephine and isoelectrofocusing techniques were used for confirming the presence and type of beta-lactamases. The analysis of plasmidial DNA was performed with a Wizard extraction kit. The virulence tested features were: adherence and invasion capacity on HeLa cells by Cravioto adapted method, adherence on inert substrata quantified by slime test, production of extracellular enzymes and exotoxins (haemolysins and other pore-forming toxins, amylase, mucinase, gelatinase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis). Results and discussion. Results from both antibiosusceptibility assays were generally in good agreement. The tested strains, irrespective of the source of isolation, exhibited resistance to ampicillin, ticarcillin, tetracyclines and sulphametoxazole and were susceptible to all other tested antibiotics. 21 strains exhibiting resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (7 isolated from drinking and 14 from marine waters) proved to be positive for the presence of beta-lactamases when tested by nitrocephine rapid test. The beta-lactamases presence in the tested strains was confirmed by isoelectrofocusing, the enzymes exhibiting an isoelectric point ranging from 7,5 to 9,6. 10% of the total of drinking water strains exhibited 1 to 3 plasmids, while marine strains only 1 plasmid. As far as the virulence hallmarks harboured by the tested strains is concerned, 90% of the strains isolated from drinking water exhibited high capacity of adherence to the cellular substrate (adherence indexes of 85-100% with localized, aggregative and diffuse patterns). This proves the potential of these strains to colonize animal and human tissues and initiate an infectious process as compared to the marine strains showing low adherence potential. All Escherichia coli strains showed colonization ability of the inert substrate as demonstrated by the high positivity rate of slime test. All tested strains produced lipase, which could act as pore-forming toxin in case of tissue colonization. Our results point out the importance of detecting specific virulence factors before incriminating water as a source of human diseases.
A Comparative Study on Escherichia coli Isolates from Environmental and Clinical Samples
Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 2016
Pathogenic Escherichia coli remain an important etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in Bangladesh. Present study focused on the features of E. coli strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples. A total of 6 surface water samples and 6 clinical samples were examined. Isolates were analyzed on the basis of colony morphology and biochemical traits. The antibiogram profile of the isolates was determined against 6 commonly used antibiotics. Ten isolates were found to be resistant against more than 1 antibiotic. Both types of isolates showed 50% resistance against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity against gentamicin whereas 2 environmental isolates were found to be resistant against the antibiotic. Eighty and sixty five percent of environmental strains were sensitive against ceptriaxone and ciprofloxacin, respectively; while 50% showed resistance against ampicillin and nalidixic acid. In case of clinical strains, 65% isolates were found to be sensitive against ceptriaxone whereas 65% showed resistance against ampicillin and nalidixic acid; and 50% isolates were found to be resistant against ciprofloxacin. The isolates (n=12) were also examined for the presence of plasmids conferring the antibiotic resistance. However, no such plasmid was observed.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2010
We have assessed the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in diarrhoeal patients and surface waters from some selected sources in Zaria (Nigeria), evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of 184 E. coli isolates, obtained from 228 water samples and 112 diarrhoeal stool specimens (collected from children aged <15 years), using standard methods. The detection rate of E. coli O157 in surface waters was 2.2% and its prevalence in children with diarrhoea was 5.4%. The most active antibiotics were gentamicin, chloramphenicol and fluoroquinolones. Seventy-nine (42.9%) of 184 E. coli isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was higher amongst aquatic isolates than the clinical isolates. Out of 35 MDR isolates (20 of which were O157 strains), 22 (62.9%) harboured plasmids all of which were no less than 2.1 kb in size. Amongst the 20 E. coli O157 strains, only seven (35.0%) contained multiple plasmids. An aquatic O157 isolate containing two plasmids was resistant to seven drugs, including ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and
Objective: Contamination of surface water with pathogenic organism is highly dangerous for people who used it for drinking or for domestic activities. Detection of Escherichia coli in water can be used as a general important indicator of fecal contamination. This study investigated the occurrence of fecal E. coli, two important toxigenic types of E. coli isolates and their antimicrobial resistance in water samples collected from the surface running source of Wadi Shueib in Jordan. Methods: A total of 51 water samples were collected from three different locations of wadi shueib over a three month, July through September, 2016. For each sample, 200 ml of water was collected in sterilized containers. All samples which were positive for fecal E. coli were subcultured on Eosin Methylelne Blue Agar and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. E. coli isolates were identified by API-20 E test, and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) and enterohemolytic E.coli (EHEC). Results: A total of 46/51 (90%) of water samples were contaminated with fecal E. coli. The 46 E. coli isolates were resistant in the range between 4%-76% to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of infection in Jordan. Multidrug resistant isolates to at least three antibiotics accounted for 17/46 (37%) of the isolates. Out of 46 fecal E. coli isolates, 4 (8.7%) were ETEC and 2 (4.3%) were EHEC as detected using PCR. Conclusion: This study indicated that the surface running water of
Antibiotics, 2021
Background: The emergence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in water resources could pose a serious threat to public health. The study aims to investigate the dispersion of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant E. coli from six rivers in Sarawak and two aquaculture farms in Borneo. Methods: A total of 74 water samples were collected for the determination of their bacteria colony count. An IMViC test identified 31 E. coli isolates and tested their susceptibility against twelve clinically important antibiotics. The extraction of plasmid DNA was done using alkali lysis SDS procedures. Characteristics, including plasmid copy number, molecular weight size, resistance rate and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), were assessed. Results: Our findings revealed that bacterial counts in rivers and aquaculture farms ranged from log 2.00 to 3.68 CFU/mL and log 1.70 to 5.48 cfu/mL, respectively. Resistance to piperacillin (100%) was observed in all E. coli; resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and ampicillin (100%) was observed in E. coli found in aquaculture farms; resistance to streptomycin (93%) was observed in E. coli found in rivers. All E. coli were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics and formed 26 MAR profiles, ranging from an index of 0.17 to 0.83, indicating that there are high risks of contamination. Some (48.4%) of the E. coli were detected with plasmids (1.2 to >10 kb), whereas 51.6% of the E. coli did not harbor any plasmids. The plasmid copy numbers reported were one plasmid (n = 7), two plasmids (n = 4), ≥ two plasmids (4). E. coli isolated from the Muara Tuang River showed the highest-molecular-weight plasmids. A statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.253) between the number of plasmids and the MAR index of the tested isolates. Conclusion: The distribution of MAR in E. coli from rivers is higher compared to the aquaculture environment. Our study suggests that MAR in isolates could be chromosome-mediated. Our results suggest that riverbed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria, including pathogens, under different climatic conditions, and their analysis could provide information for public health concerns.
PLoS ONE, 2013
Background: Unsafe water supplies continue to raise public health concerns, especially in urban areas in low resource countries. To understand the extent of public health risk attributed to supply water in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, Escherichia coli isolated from tap water samples collected from different locations of the city were characterized for their antibiotic resistance, pathogenic properties and genetic diversity. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 233 E. coli isolates obtained from 175 tap water samples were analysed for susceptibility to 16 different antibiotics and for the presence of genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Nearly 36% (n = 84) of the isolates were multi-drug($3 classes of antibiotics) resistant (MDR) and 26% (n = 22) of these were positive for extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL). Of the 22 ESBL-producers, 20 were positive for bla CTX-M-15 , 7 for bla OXA-1-group (all had bla OXA-47) and 2 for bla CMY-2. Quinolone resistance genes, qnrS and qnrB were detected in 6 and 2 isolates, respectively. Around 7% (n = 16) of the isolates carried virulence gene(s) characteristic of pathogenic E. coli; 11 of these contained lt and/or st and thus belonged to enterotoxigenic E. coli and 5 contained bfp and eae and thus belonged to enteropathogenic E. coli. All MDR isolates carried multiple plasmids (2 to 8) of varying sizes ranging from 1.2 to .120 MDa. Ampicillin and ceftriaxone resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 70 to 100 MDa in size, while ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 50 to 90 MDa. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed diverse genetic fingerprints of pathogenic isolates. Significance: Multi-drug resistant E. coli are wide spread in public water supply in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Transmission of resistant bacteria and plasmids through supply water pose serious threats to public health in urban areas.
Coatings
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are associated with frequent incidences of waterborne infections and pose health risk to individuals who contact water for domestic or recreational uses. Detection of DEC pathotypes in drinking water can be used as an indicator of fecal contamination. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of DEC pathotypes and their capacity to form biofilms in drinking water samples collected from different water sources. In this study, PCR analysis was used to determine the occurrence of four clinically significant virulence genes of diarrheagenic E. coli, eaeA (Enteropathogenic E. coli), stx1, stx2 (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) and sth (Enterotoxigenic E. coli), in drinking water samples (n = 35) by using specific primers and conditions. PCR amplicons were visualized by using agarose gel electrophoresis. A total of 12/35 (34%) samples were detected as positive for at least one of the four DEC virulence genes and 11/12 (91%) E. coli isolates harbored vir...
Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Fecal Samples of Apparently Healthy Children, 2018
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enterohemorrhagic serotype of the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is a cause of severe colitis, bloody diarrhoea and Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) which is associated with life threatening systemic manifestations. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence, antibiotics susceptibility pattern and plasmid profile of E. coli O157 from fecal samples of children. A total of 311 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy children (111 males and 200 females) within the age range of 0-5 years at Mother and Child Hospital, Anchorite Daycare, Women's' Forum Daycare and FUTA Daycare in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The fecal samples were screened using standard bacteriological and serological techniques. Twenty one (6.75%) of the samples were positive for E. coli O157. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion technique, many of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance to the antibiotics employed in this study. The resistance pattern observed is as follows: Ceftriazone 19 (90.5%), Amoxycilin 18 (85.7%), Tetracycline 13 (61.9%), Gentamycin 11(52.4%), Cotrimoxazole 9 (42.9%), Augmentin 8 (25.8%), Ofloxacin 2 (9.5%), Ciprofloxacin 2 (9.5%) and Nitrofurantoin 2 (9.5%). Plasmid profiling of the strains revealed the presence of multiple plasmids Original Research Article Falowo et al.; IJPR, 1(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.IJPR.41237 2 ranging in sizes from 4.0 to 17.5 kb. Conclusively, since the mode of transmission of this pathogen is via the fecal-oral route and an exceptionally low dose of the organism is able to cause infection. It is therefore recommended that routine screening is carried out to determine the carrier rate of the organism, more public awareness should be carried out to educate the community on need for adherence to personal hygiene, environmental hygiene and good food handling practices to prevent an outbreak.