Function of CD4+CD3- cells in relation to B- and T-zone stroma in spleen (original) (raw)
Related papers
Human spleen contains different subsets of dendritic cells and regulatory T lymphocytes
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2008
has been gathered from circulating cells but little is known about their frequency and distribution in lymphoid organs. This report shows the frequency, phenotype and location of DCs and regulatory T cells in deceased organ donors' spleens. As determined by flow cytometry, conventional/myeloid DCs (cDCs) CD11c high HLA-DR + CD123 -/low were 2·3 Ϯ 0·9% and LIN -HLA-DR + CD11c high 2·1 Ϯ 0·3% of total spleen cells. Mature CD11c high HLA-DR + CD83 + were 1·5 Ϯ 0·8% and 1·0 Ϯ 1·6% immature CD11c high HLA-DR + CD83 -cDC. There were 0·3 Ϯ 0·3% plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) CD11c -/low HLA-DR + CD123 high and 0·3 Ϯ 0·1% LIN -HLA-DR + CD123 high . Cells expressing cDCs markers, BDCA-1 and BDCA-3, and pDCs markers BDCA-2 and BDCA-4 were observed in higher frequencies than DCs with other phenotypes evaluated. CD11c + , CD123 + and CD83 + cells were located in subcapsular zone, T cells areas and B-cell follicles. CD4 + CD25 high Tregs were 0·2 Ϯ 0·2% and CD8 + CD28comprised 11·5 Ϯ 8·1% of spleen lymphocytes. FOXP3 + cells were found in T-and B-cell areas. The improvement in cell separation, manipulation and expansion techniques, will facilitate the manipulation of donor spleen cells as a part of protocols for induction and maintenance of allograft tolerance or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE SPLEEN OF YOUNG AND AGED BALB/C AND CD-1 MICE
Immunosenescence is generally related to weaker immune responses since, elderly individuals do not respond to immune challenge as strongly as the youngs. Spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ present almost in all vertebrates. In addition of its skill as a main part of immune system, it serves also as a graveyard for old damaged red blood cells, storage of blood as well as production of antibodies and keeping bodily fluids in balance. So, the present study aims to elucidate its complex histological organization in two mice strains outbred (CD-1) and inbred (Balb/C) throughout their different age groups. Spleen in both mice strains is consisted of two histologically distinct components, red pulp and white pulp vastly different in their architecture vascular organization and cellular composition. Spleen weight consequently splenic index significantly amplified, and diagnosed as splenomegaly, with progression of mice age from 2 to 12 months especially in individuals given Poly I:C acid (400µg/100g b.w.). The elderly as well as treated mice showed irregular splenic architecture with more fibrous trabecula, and extra-large sinusoid spaces throughout the splenic parenchyma to the degree that, limits between white and red pulp disappeared. Furthermore, much decrease of lymphocytes population due to cell progressive nuclear pyknosis and subsequently necrosis and cell degeneration at the olders of 12 month age of both strains, especially those received Poly I:C acid.
Cellular Immunology, 1986
The spleen of neonatal mice is known to be a rich source of cells capable of suppressing a variety of immune functions of adult lymphocytes in vitro. From such observations has emerged the concept that the gradual development in ability to express immune functions after birth is due in part to the parallel normal physiological decay of naturally occurring regulatory suppressor cells. There is, however, some confusion in the literature as to the exact nature of the newborn inhibitory cell type(s). In contrast to most previous reports which detect only a single type of neonatal suppressor cell, usually a T cell, we show here that newborn spleen harbors both T and non-T inhibitory cells. Both types of suppressor cells could be shown to suppress the proliferative response of adult spleen to alloantigens as well as newborn T cells reacting against self-Ia antigen in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Newborn suppressor T cells were characterized as being non-adherent to Ig-anti-Ig athnity columns, soybean agglutinin receptor negative (SBA-), and susceptible to lysis by anti-T-cell specific antiserum plus complement. Non-T sup pressor cells were identified as non-phagocytic, SBA receptor positive (SBA+), and resistant to cytotoxic treatment with anti-T-cell antibodies and complement. The apparent controversy surrounding previous reports as to the T versus non-T nature of newborn suppressor cells can be reconciled by the present observation that both types of inhibitory cells coexist in the spleen. Furthermore, the, demonstration that newborn suppressor cells can effectively regulate T-cell proliferative activity mediated by other newborn cells provides more direct support for the contention that such inhibitory cells play a physiological role in controlling immune responsiveness during early ontogeny.
Transient modification within a pool of CD4 T cells in the maternal spleen
Immunology, 2011
Classic models suggest maternal tolerance is dependent on regulation of fetal antigen-specific T cell responses. We hypothesize that factors unique to a particular fetal antigen-specific T cell, rather than the state of pregnancy per se, are important determinants of T cell fate during pregnancy. To investigate the fate of fetal antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the systemic circulation, we examined spleen cells in a CD4 T cell receptor transgenic mouse specific for the male antigen H-Y. We observed a transient decrease in CD4 + Vb6 + cell numbers and, due to transient internalization of CD4, an increase in CD4) Vb6 + T cells. Antigen-specific in vitro responsiveness was not depressed by pregnancy. These data suggest that pregnancy supports fluidity in this particular CD4 T cell pool that may, in turn, help to meet competing requirements of maternal immune responsiveness and fetal tolerance.
European Journal of Immunology, 1973
in vitro cytotoxic response, as measured by a 'lCr release assay. In addition, during ontogeny of mouse spleen cells, their capacity to stimulate in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR) was compared to their capacity to stimulate cytotoxic allograft responses. During ontogeny, there was amarked increase in the capacity of mouse spleen cells to stimulate mitotic responses in the MLR. In contrast, the magnitude of cytotoxic allograft responses induced by neonatal mouse spleen cells in the cytotoxic allograft system was comparable in magnitude to that induced by spleen cells of adult mice.
Spleen in innate and adaptive immunity regulation
AIMS Allergy and Immunology
The spleen is a large secondary lymphoid organ located in the bloodstream , primarily functioning as a massive blood filter. It filtered effete red blood cells, antigen-antibody complexes, apoptotic bodies, damaged cells, among others. Spleen's myriad microanatomy reflects the diversity and complexity of its functions. As a specialized immune organ, the spleen immune system plays a significant role in innate and adaptive immunity. Specialized innate immune cells like B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages populate locations within the spleen. Specifically, the spleen is a crucial organ for peripheral immune tolerance, complementing central immune tolerance. Spleen remains the only organ in the body capable of mounting an appropriate immune response to encapsulated bacteria. Spleen houses tolerogenic immune cells like CD8 + Treg cells, F4/80 + macrophages, CD68 + F4/80 + red pulp macrophages, CD169 + metallophillic macrophages, CD8 + CD205 + splenic dendritic cells (DCs), splenic CD8α + CD103 + CD207 + DCs, CD43 +ve CD19 hi CD5 +ve IgM hi IgD lo B cells, and splenic NKT cells that express regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) chemokine. Splenocytes are extra-thymic autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) expressing cells that regulate tissue-specific antigens' expression to confer peripheral immune tolerance. As such, the spleen provides the right site for counteracting autoimmunity. Splenectomy in both study animals and humans results in overwhelming infections with, especially encapsulated bacteria. The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is closely related to the spleen that needs to be studied to improve transplant survival. The role of the spleen in anti-tumor immunity yields an inconclusive result. In-depth research is needed to find which cells or pathways are linked to favorable outcomes concerning cancer. Understanding the spleen's microanatomy and physiology will provide a 2