A survey of polymeric treatments applied on the liberty glazed tiles of the Hungaria façade (original) (raw)
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The commercial acrylic polymers, Paraloid B72 and Paraloid B67, and a silicon-based product, Dri-Film 104, commonly used as water repellents/consolidants in the restoration of stone artefacts, have been tested to evaluate their performances when submitted to ageing, simulating the outdoor conditions of treated stone. After full characterization, the three polymers were applied as thin films on slides, as thick film on petri dishes and on marble by brush or by imbibition and the resulting samples were submitted to photo-oxidative weathering (l ¼ 340 nm). The weathering evolution was checked by ultrasonic and colorimetric measurements and by FT-IR, NMR and SEC determinations. Removability tests were also performed. All the polymers underwent irreversible modifications with reduction of their conservative properties, colour change and, above all, impossibility of their complete removal.
… degradation and stability, 2006
The commercial acrylic polymers, Paraloid B72 and Paraloid B67, and a silicon-based product, Dri-Film 104, commonly used as water repellents/consolidants in the restoration of stone artefacts, have been tested to evaluate their performances when submitted to ageing, simulating the outdoor conditions of treated stone. After full characterization, the three polymers were applied as thin films on slides, as thick film on petri dishes and on marble by brush or by imbibition and the resulting samples were submitted to photo-oxidative weathering (l ¼ 340 nm). The weathering evolution was checked by ultrasonic and colorimetric measurements and by FT-IR, NMR and SEC determinations. Removability tests were also performed. All the polymers underwent irreversible modifications with reduction of their conservative properties, colour change and, above all, impossibility of their complete removal.
Assessment of synthetic polymeric coatings for the protection and preservation of stone monuments
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2007
The performance of five synthetic coatings for the protection of stone monuments of Hellenistic and Byzantine period has been evaluated. The selected coatings included four commercially available siloxane-, siloxane/acrylic-and perfluoroether-based compositions, as well as a new composition based on newly synthesized fluoro-organosilane. The coatings were applied onto petrologically different stone substrates, such as marble, travertine, sandstone and a newly baked brick compatible with Roman period bricks, used for the restoration processes in Galerius Palace, Thessaloniki, Greece. The coatings' protective efficiency was investigated by measurement of waterestone contact angles, water vapor permeability, and water absorption by capillarity. The optical properties of the applied coatings were also investigated and they were also ranked with regard to their optical characteristics.
Journal of Applied …, 2010
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polymeric protections applied on ceramic tiles on their mechanical and water absorption properties. Three conservation products were used: the acrylic polymer Paraloid B-72 and two alkoxysilane-based formulations (tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and IN2210, a polidimetilsiloxane-based formulation). The coatings were applied onto handmade tiles manufactured according to a 18th century procedure. Different application procedures (immersion, brushing, and spraying) were tested. The protection effectiveness was assessed through capillary water absorption and four point bending tests. The mineralogical characterization of tiles was undertaken by XRD. The best protective properties of the tiles were achieved by immersion treatments with Paraloid B-72 based on the protocols followed by the museums restoration departments. Nevertheless , the results of the present work show that the second immersion in Paraloid B-72 solution, commonly made, can be eliminated, as it does not provide any significant increase in the hydrophobic or mechanical properties of the tiles. As a result, there are obvious economical benefits, as the coating process became less time-consuming and more environmental friendly, as the amount of organic compounds is reduced. On the other hand, the use of small volumes of Paraloid B-72 solution applied by brush, or IN2210 sprayed can provide good results, if the only purpose of the treatment is the increase of the hydrophobic properties. V
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016
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Macromolecular Symposia, 2013
Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in aqueous solutions of silanes and siloxanes. The dispersions are deposited, by brush, on various materials which have been used in objects of the cultural heritage such as marble, sandstone, mortar, wood, cotton and ceramic. The effect of the particle concentration on the wettability of the surfaces of the composite (siloxane-silica) films is studied. It is shown that superhydrophobicity and water repellency are achieved when high concentrations of nanoparticles are used for the production of the composite films. This result is explained with SEM images which reveal the surface morphologies of the films. Colorimetry and XRF are employed to evaluate the efficiency of the composite films to be used for the protection of cultural heritage objects.
Hydrophobizing coatings for cultural heritage. A detailed study of resin/stone surface interaction
Applied Physics A, 2013
Conservation of historical buildings is an important issue and the environmental conditions seriously affect the monument's stones. The protection of cultural heritage buildings and monuments by surface treatment with polymers is a common practice due to their ability to form a protective layer on the monument's surface as well as to control the transport of different fluids from the surface to the monument's interior. In this work, three different substrates were used: Carrara marble, Botticino limestone, and Angera stone. A commercially available Sibased resin (Alpha Ò SI30) was used as protective agent to improve the hydrophobicity features of the different tested materials. The surface properties of the coating and the relative interaction with the adopted stones were studied using different techniques such as contact angle measurements, electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy.
Protection Efficacy of Fluorinated Acrylic Copolymers Applied on Historical Italian Marbles
MRS Proceedings, 2004
ABSTRACTUse of polymeric materials to protect stone started in the 1960’s but the study and knowledge of the complex and multiple interactions between stone and polymers has been carried out only recently. In a previous paper [1] the problems related to the efficacy of a stone treatment (film formation, deep penetration and coating behavior) has been addressed. In this paper performance after a thermal and a simulated solar UV ageing has been evaluated. In particular the issues related to stability and durability of two fluorinated acrylic copolymers applied on two different Italian marbles, Carrara and S. Giuliano, have been investigated. The specimens characterized and treated with two new partially fluorinated acrylic copolymers, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate / methyl acrylate (TFEMA / MA) and trifluoromethyl-2, 2, 2-trifluorethyl methacrylate / methyl acrylate (HFIMA / MA), have been artificially aged in two different ways: with a long simulated solar UV ageing of 1000h an...
Polymer Testing, 2001
A molecular, thermal, structural and mechanical characterisation of two different commercial water-dispersed polymers, i.e. an unreactive aliphatic polyetherurethane (trade name Akeogard AT40) and a VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymer (trade name Fluorobase T300) has been performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (FT NMR), wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) techniques and an Instron machine. Such polymers were selected from among the available products used for conservation and restoration by Cultural Heritage, with the view of using water-based polyurethanes and fluorinated copolymers as coatings for artefacts belonging to Cultural Heritage, consisting of natural fibrous polymers, mainly textiles. The results obtained so far suggest that a comparatively higher potential for the conservation and restoration of textiles with a cultural value is shown by AT40 polyurethane. Notwithstanding this, the structural properties assessed in water-cast films for both the polymers indicate that desired properties could be conferred by suitably selecting the chemical and molecular structure of the starting monomeric units.
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2011
Conservation of historical buildings is an important issue. The environmental conditions seriously affect the monumental stones. Although different coating materials were tested, the polymeric materials have been showing the most promising results for protection of archeological stones. Therefore, in the current study, the acrylic polymer was used for conservation of monuments made of sandstone and limestone. The adsorption of the acrylic polymer onto both stones was analyzed and the durability of the coatings under different environmental conditions was tested and simulated by artificial aging. Moreover, the mechanism of polymer-stone interactions was elucidated by interfacial characterization techniques.