Antimicrobial Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis (original) (raw)
Related papers
Iranian Endodontic Journal, 2008
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of three intracanal medicaments in disinfecting the root canal and dentin of experimentally infected human teeth with Enterococcus faecalis (EF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. After root canal preparation, teeth were mounted in epoxy resin. Following sterilization, the teeth were infected for 28 days with EF. Then root canals were filled with one of three different disinfectants: viscous 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), calcium hydroxide paste (CH) or a mixture of CH and CHX (n=30 in each group). Antimicrobial assessments were performed at 1, 3 and 7 days (n=10 in each time period). Microbial samples were obtained from root canals before and after the experiment. Also dentin samples were examined. The data was analyzed using Two- Way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The findings showed that there was no difference between experimental groups at different time periods. The mix...
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2006
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various medicaments, including Ca(OH) 2 / 2% chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and Ca(OH) 2 alone, against Enterococcus faecalis and Candid albicans in vitro. Study design. Eighty extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. After removing the crown, each root was instrumented up to size 50 by using a conventional technique. The root canal was irrigated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solution to remove smear layer. Then, roots were infected with E faecalis and C albicans. Subsequently, the roots were divided into 4 treatment groups: group 1 was treated with calcium powder hydroxide in distilled water, group 2 was treated with calcium hydroxide powder in 2% chlorhexidine, group 3 was treated with 2% chlorhexidine gel, and group 4 was treated with 0.9% sterile saline serving as negative control. Microbial samples were taken after 7, 15, and 30 days. After incubation, dentine chips were obtained form each root canal and examined microbiologically. The microbiological samples were plated to count colony-forming units in per milligram of dentin. Results. The results showed that the 2% chlorhexidine gel was significantly more effective than calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, and control saline solution (P Ͻ .05). Conlusion. Under the conditions of this study, 2% chlorhexidine gel is effective in the elimination of E faecalis and C albicans from the root canal system. However, to support this in vitro observation, further in vivo studies are needed. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:e27-e31) MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty freshly extracted human upper anterior teeth were placed in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 hours, after which any bone, calculus, or soft tissues on the root surfaces were removed with curettes.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 2003
Objective. We sought to assess the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2 , against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Study design. The effect of CHX (0.2% and 2% in gel or solution) and Ca(OH) 2 (alone or with 0.2% CHX gel) was evaluated by using the agar diffusion test and an in vitro human root inoculation method, to measure zone of inhibition or bacterial growth with optical density analysis, respectively. For optical density analysis, samples from infected root canals were collected after 7 days of medication and were cultured for 24 hours in brain-heart infusion to detect viable bacteria. Results. In the agar diffusion test, CHX was effective against E faecalis in a concentration-dependent fashion, but Ca(OH) 2 alone had no effect. In the root canal inoculation test, CHX was significantly more effective against E faecalis than Ca(OH) 2 was (P Ͻ .05), but there were no significant differences between the modes of medication or concentrations of CHX. Conclusions. CHX is effective against E faecalis in vitro. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the value of CHX in clinical treatment.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2019
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis bacteria is well-known for causing a persistent root canal infection, nevertheless its phenotypic characteristics are not widely known. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of various concentrations of chlorhexidine against E. faecalis bacteria in the endodontically treated root canals. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was done using E. faecalis isolates from 30 endodotic patients. Samples were taken from patients at the start of the endodontic treatment (pre-treatment) and with repeated treatment (post-treatment) after satisfying the inclusion criteria. E. faecalis samples were isolated from patient's teeth which were then cultured followed by exposure to different concentrations of chlorhexidine of 0.1%, 0.2% and 2% with an incubation period of half hour, one hour and three hours respectively. Viability of E. faecalis samples were calculated with MTT assay using a standardised formula. Results: As the chlorhexidine concentration increased, the viability of E. faecalis isolates is reduced, although statistically it is not significant. With increase in incubation time from half hour to one hour, Chlorhexidine (CHX) effectiveness increased, although this trend was decreased after three hours of incubation time. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine 0.1% resulted in the largest decrease in E. faecalis viability and an incubation time of 30 minutes was effective to significantly reduce the viability of E. faecalis.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2019
The complete microfloral debriment of the root canal is possible only through successful endodontic treatment. Due to complexicity constraints of root canal system complete microfloral removal by simply mechanical instruments is not sufficient. Therefore we aim to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of five different intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidiene, octenidol, endosepton and calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis. The Antibacterial activity of aforesaid medicaments was done against Enterococcus feacalis using agar disk diffusion method, over a period of 24 hrs and 72 hrs. The samples were divided into 6 groups. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 and 72 hrs and were recorded in millimeters and compared with respect to control. There was a significant difference in the mean zone of inhibition at 24 and 72 hrs between calcium hydroxide, endoseptone, octenidol, calcium hydroxide and chlorohexidine combination, chlorohexidine and control group. Chlorohexidine was found to have maximum inhibitory efficacy followed by calcium hydroxide and chlorohexidine combination. Within the limitations of this study it may be concluded that Chlorhexidine can be used as an efficient intracanal medicament.
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2005
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gel against Enterococcus faecalis, comparing it to other endodontic irrigants (2% chlorhexidine liquid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite). Study design. Eighty roots of human mandibular premolars were prepared by serial instrumentation technique, autoclaved, and contaminated for 7 days with E faecalis monocultures. The roots were then divided into 5 groups according to the irrigant substance used during the standardized biomechanical preparation. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial action of the irrigant substances, 3 microbial samples were taken: initial (before the biomechanical preparation); post-treatment (immediately after the biomechanical preparation), and final (7 days after the biomechanical preparation). The microbiological samples were plated to count the colony-forming units (CFU). Results. The 2% chlorhexidine gel and 2% chlorhexidine liquid significantly reduced the E faecalis CFU in the post-treatment and final microbiological samples. The 5.25% sodium hypochlorite also reduced the E faecalis CFU immediately after the root canal instrumentation, but it was not able to keep the root canal free of detectable E faecalis in the final sample. Conclusions. The 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (gel and liquid) antimicrobial ability was more effective than 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in keeping low CFU of E faecalis for 7 days after the biomechanical preparation.
International Endodontic Journal, 2012
Aim To determine the viability of Enterococcus faecalis in infected human root dentine in vitro after exposure to root canal medicaments based on chlorhexidine and octenidine. Methodology Human root segments (n = 40) were infected with E. faecalis for 8 weeks. Root dentine samples (rd) collected at week 4 served as individual baseline values. At week 8, the root segments were randomly divided into four test groups (n = 10 each) for the placement of one of the following medicaments in the root canals: calcium hydroxide paste (CH), chlorhexidine gel (CHX-gel) (5.0%), chlorhexidine/gutta-percha points (CHX-GP) (active points ® ; Roeko, Langenau, Germany) and octenidine gel (OCTgel) (5.0%) followed by incubation for 4 weeks. The effect on E. faecalis viability was assessed by two fluorescent dyes (syto 9/propidium iodide) to determine the 'proportion of viable bacteria' (PVB%) and number of 'colony-forming units' (CFU). Mean values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for PVB % and log CFU, and the difference between groups was established. Results Viable and dead bacterial cells were detected in all 'rd' samples at weeks 4 and 8. The treatment with CHX-gel, CHX-GP and OCT-gel resulted in significantly lower PVB% values with 15.4%, 3.5% and 0%, respectively. No growth (CFU) was recorded for these samples at week 12. When medicated by CH, the PVB% was increased without a corresponding change in CFUs. Conclusions In contrast to calcium hydroxide, both CHXand octenidine-based intracanal medicaments were effective in decreasing the viability of E. faecalis. OCT showed the most favourable results and may have potential as an endodontic medicament.
Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine on Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canal Treatment
Root canal treatment plays an important role in saving the tooth. In Endodontics it is a routine treatment that involves removing the contaminated dentine, infected pulp, inflamed and dead pulp tissue by cleaning and shaping the canal with intracanal medication, disinfecting with irrigants to eliminate the all causative microorganisms. For the long-standing success of the endodontically treated tooth, it is necessary to eliminate persistent bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis. The ruinous components of Enterococcus Faecalis, including its capacity to tackle diverse microorganisms, attack dentinal tubules, and contradict nutritional difficulty. Using a good aseptic debridement procedure of diseased pulp and contaminated dentin with a combination of 2% chlorhexidine is the best way to eliminate E. faecalis in root canal procedure. Following a systematic review and metanalysis, the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated. Aim: The goal of this review was to determine and compare the efficacies of root canal disinfectant 2% chlorhexidine with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2),17% EDTA, MDTA. Materials and Methods: Literature research is performed in sources of data like MEDLINE, online library journal PubMed NIH, NCBI, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, ORAL HEALTH GROUP, Scopus ETC. Electronic information bases had been looked through utilizing the resulting keywords: Root canal irrigants, 2% chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Calcium hydroxide NaOCl Root canal irrigation medicine. Our search was done on articles distributed to date. Results: After reviewing the titles and abstracts, many articles met the eligibility. The use of chemical agents with 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite and 2 percent chlorhexidine resulted in microbial eradication at 100 percent compared to using only 5.25% sodium hypochlorite alone or calcium hydroxide alone which decreased by 97.7 percent compared to baseline microbial count and reduced by 68.42 percent at the same dilutions after mechanical cleaning respectively.. Conclusion: In this review study,2% Chlorhexidine has greater disinfection than calcium hydroxide and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.
Enterococcus fecalis is a gram positive facultative anaerobe which is rarely present in primary endodontic infections, but is the most common cause of secondary endodontic infections. The following study compares the antimicrobial efficacy of 0.2% Octenidine, 2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate, 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and the control (Distilled Water) using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) Test. The MIC was performed using 10-fold dilution in 96 U-Well Micro Test plates. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using binary statistics. It was seen that 0.2% Octenidine was the most effective in inhibiting E. fecalis, followed by Sodium Hypochlorite, and Chlorhexidine Digluconate was the least successful. Distilled water showed no effect on the gram positive organisms.