“Bochdalek’s” skull: morphology report and reconstruction of face (original) (raw)
Related papers
New evidence from Le Moustier 1: Computer‐assisted reconstruction and morphometry of the skull
The Anatomical Record, 1999
In this study, we present a new computerized reconstruction of the Le Moustier 1 Neanderthal skull and discuss its significance for Neanderthal growth and variability. Because of the precarious state of preservation of the original material, we applied entirely noninvasive methods of fossil reconstruction and morphometry, using a combination of computed tomography, computer graphics, and stereolithography.
Facial reconstruction of a pathological case
Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, 2009
In this paper, we describe a forensic paleopathology case using findings obtained from images of a skull with leontiasis ossea. This unique specimen is on display in the National Museum of Anthropology and History in Mexico. The skull shows tissue overgrowth, periosteal bone proliferation, which produced a cortical and diploid thickening involving the entire bone matrix. The study of images, X-rays, and helical computed tomography revealed generalized hyperostosis obliterating the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses, and two exuberant bony masses arising from the maxilla with encroachment of the anterior nasal opening. In order to reconstruct an image of the external appearance in life, a copy was obtained in the first place, using a stereolithography machine, after that, threedimensional (3-D) facial reconstruction technique was applied, thus an approximation of the external appearance of this specimen was obtained. During the process, we encountered several difficulties, mainly when interpreting the cortical topography, the position of eyes and mouth. In this sense, facial reconstruction allows only for a moderate investigation due to the limited information that can be obtained from the skull and the significant alterations observed.
Reconstruction of face from the skull
Forensic science (forensics) is the application of a wide area of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. Forensics may relate to a crime or a civil action. Facial reconstruction from the skull is one of the application of science and art, to aid the identification of a skull with no identity.
The woman from the Dolní Věstonice 3 burial: a new view of the face using modern technologies
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018
South Moravia (Czech Republic) has provided numerous Upper Palaeolithic-Gravettian sites (33-22 kyr BP) with a great deal of human skeletal remains. One such site is the well-known burial of a gracile, 36-to 45-year-old female, found in Dolní Věstonice I in 1949. Palaeopathological examination of the female's skull showed extensive pathological damage with significant asymmetry of the facial area as a result of a traumatic injury in childhood. The goal of this article is to summarise all information and make a virtual reconstruction of the original skull including a facial reconstruction. The condition of the skull from grave DV 3 was generally very poor and fragmentary; it was restored in the 1950s. We used computer tomography (CT) analysis and a 3D scan of the skull. For the 3D reconstruction of the face, we used a method based on prediction rules by G. Lebedinskaya. The results of the new CT analysis confirm an irregular formation of the braincase. For the first time, we can compare the original state of the skull with the reconstruction. On the basis of the results of artistic facial reconstruction, we can present the Breal^face of a woman who is 25,000-27,000 years old. This combination of CT and 3D data allowed us to create a new 3D virtual model. Though the facial reconstruction took into account the post-traumatic condition of the woman's face and the asymmetry of the bones is obvious, the degree of asymmetry is subjective.
Buzug, T.M., Sigl, K.-M., Bongartz, J. and Prüfer, K. (eds.), Facial Reconstruction: Forensic, Medical and Archaeological Methods of the Reconstruction of Soft Facial Parts. Germany: Bundeskriminalamt / Luchterhand, p. 199-212. ISBN 978-3-472-06884-6 , 2007
Various approaches for face reconstruction on a skeletonized skull of an unknown individual have been presented since the 19th century. Recently, tremendous advances in information technology lead to significant further developments and refinements of the reconstruction methods. In combination with modern imaging technology, 3D simulation methods have been applied that create facial expressions. An international conference series on reconstruction of soft facial parts (RSFP) has been initiated to inform police officers and international scientists about this complex scientific branch and to simultaneously encourage future international cooperative networks of the involved disciplines. This book includes contributions of the multi-faceted status quo of scientific developments in reconstruction of soft facial parts.
Facial reconstruction of mummified remains of Christian Saint-Nicolosa Bursa
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2019
In addition to forensic science, facial reconstruction also plays an outstanding role in the historical and archaeological context. Precisely, it the most exact method to reconstruct the appearance of the people that lived in the past and a popular way of presenting results not only to scientific community but also to a broader public. The main purpose of this study was to reconstruct the appearance of Saint-Nicolosa Bursa, a Christian saint whose mummified remains are kept in Church of Saint-Blaise in Vodnjan (Croatia). The additional aims were to validate the methodology and to provide a realistic model of the Saint's face that could be used for exhibition and presentation of the research results to a broader public. The mummified remains of the saint were scanned with multislice computed tomography (MSCT). The MSCT images were used to develop a skull model which was 3D printed and used for facial reconstruction. The facial appearance recovery was accomplished using the Manchester method by the progressive layering of clay on the ABS model according to the anthropometric data, specific for sex, age, and ancestry. After the clay model was done, it was used to create a realistic gypsum sculpture appropriate for the presentation of results on exhibition. When the model was compared to the photographs of the mummified remains of the Saint, it showed to be consistent in all facial traits that could be considered. Unfortunately, additional data were not available due to the preservation degree of soft tissue remains as well as the lack of pictorial or written sources about the appearance of the Saint. However, this research showed, that although the facial reconstruction is always only an approximation of the actual person's appearance, it is essential in historical context as an only existing method that can show us how a certain historical figure could look. In the present study, it enabled us to conduct the first reconstruction of the appearance of the Saint from the mummified remains and develop sculpture that will be used for exhibition and presentation of results.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019
The study's goal is to propose a unified descriptive method for analysing artificial cranial deformation (ACD) in order to achieve consistent descriptions as well as to document the modification from a palaeopathological perspective. A number of examinations have dealt with the fact that ACD can either directly cause or predispose the formation of pathological and neurological lesions. The bulk of earlier studies only have focused on one or a few deviations in detail. The basic research aim was to assemble all previously described lesions which could be related to ACD; in addition, a further deviation undescribed as yet is also noted. Present and ongoing studies enable the development of a unified approach for the observation and description of ACD. Authors also suggest a data collector sheet based on previously published morphological alterations. This study makes an attempt to serve as a basis or a first step towards creating a general, standardized method to detect pathological alterations on ACD skulls and to distinguish ACD and non-ACD skulls from each other. In this paper, pathological consequences of ACD in ten individuals excavated from two contemporaneous cemeteries dated to the Hun-Germanic Period (fifth-sixth century AD) were investigated in an attempt to elucidate pathological lesions caused by ACD and to shed light on the possible connections between the type or the extent of deformation and the lesions appearing on ACD skulls. X-ray recordings were used to generate more accurate results, while previously used methods and recommendations were also applied in accordance with special literature.
History of facial reconstruction
Acta Biomed, 2009
We briefly describe the history of facial reconstruction in the deceased, starting from the skull. Facial reconstruction has passed through many phases and has been variously motivated, from religion and ancestor worship, through anthropology, to the identification of lost persons for forensic purposes. Renaissance artists used this technique for modelling and teaching. Techniques changed over the centuries but the ultimate goal was to create a convincing likeness of the dead. The two current activities are forensic facial reconstruction and reconstructing the personal appearance of ancient people.