COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES Final Report (original) (raw)
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Challenges to Community Participation-
Community participation in municipalities' decisions and long planning processes ensures their full engagement in determining their own developmental needs. Therefore, identifying the challenges for community participation is considered as a crucial aspect for successful governance and service delivery in the local municipalities of governments. The aim of this paper is to identify and assess the challenges to community participation in Gaza Strip municipalities in Palestine. Ten groups of challenges, which comprise 44 factors for community participation in Gaza Strip municipalities were identified from the literature review and modified according to the pilot study. A structured questionnaire survey was employed in this study. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to determine the ranks of the main groups of challenges and its corresponding factors, followed by a parametric test that is analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) to test five developed hypotheses. The findings of this paper revealed that shortage of skills was the most significant challenge group to community participation.. The second most significant challenge group was the financial challenges. The third significant group of challenges to community participation was lack of interest and support due to limited support from city council and lack of transparency. The findings revealed agreement among all participants in the most significant challenges for community participation, with one exceptional, where there was disagreement on the rating the main groups of the challenges in terms of the population categories.
Ensuring community participation in MCH/FP activities: Lessons learned from a pilot project
1998
Family planning (FP) and maternal and child health (MCH) in Bangladesh have achieved commendable success in the recent past, mostly through a large-scale government service-delivery system supported by donors and nongovernmental organizations. Although encouraged by this success, there was concern about programmatic, financial, and social sustainability of the program, including quality of services. It is now believed that most of these concerns will be taken care of if effective community participation can be ensured. A pilot project was initiated in 1997 in Anowara, a low-FP-performing area in rural Chittagong, with assistance from the Population Council. The main objective of the project was to develop a strategy to ensure community participation in the FP-MCH program and to document the process. This report notes that community members became more aware of the population problem and came to know about existing service facilities and the role of various stakeholders, including th...
Community participation: lessons for maternal, newborn, and child health
Lancet, 2008
Primary health care was ratifi ed as the health policy of WHO member states in 1978. 1 Participation in health care was a key principle in the Alma-Ata Declaration. In developing countries, antenatal, delivery, and postnatal experiences for women usually take place in communities rather than health facilities. Strategies to improve maternal and child health should therefore involve the community as a complement to any facility-based component. The fourth article of the Declaration stated that, "people have the right and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care", and the seventh article stated that primary health care "requires and promotes maximum community and individual self-reliance and participation in the planning, organization, operation and control of primary health care". But is community participation an essential prerequisite for better health outcomes or simply a useful but non-essential companion to the delivery of treatments and preventive health education? Might it be essential only as a transitional strategy: crucial for the poorest and most deprived populations but largely irrelevant once health care systems are established? Or is the failure to incorporate community participation into large-scale primary health care programmes a major reason for why we are failing to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 for reduction of maternal and child mortality? Lancet 2008; 372: 962-71
Introduction: This paper synthesises reports on community participation (CP) concept and its practicability in countries' health service systems, much focus being on developing countries. Methodology: We narratively reviewed the published and grey literature traced from electronic sources and hard copies as much as they could be accessed. Findings: CP is a concept widely promoted, but few projects/programmes have demonstrated its practicability in different countries. In many countries, communities are partially involved in one or several stages of project cycles -priority setting, resource allocation, service management, project implementation and evaluation. There is tendency of informing communities to implement the decisions that have already been passed by elites or politicians. In most of the project/programmes, professionals dominate the decision making processes by downgrading the non-professionals or non-technical people's knowledge and skills. CP concept is greatly...
Community development and social participation
The paper presents the result of the action research project issued in Palermo (Southern Italy), in disadvantaged urban suburbs, methodologically based on the Kurt Lewin's field theory -that is a three-step spiral process of planning which involves reconnaissance; taking actions; and fact-finding about the results of the action – in order to develop the social participation and the social change. The principal aim of the project was the empowerment of participants, obtaining their collaboration through participation, giving them acquisition of knowledge for a real social change. 1 Rebuilding background: an introduction The most recent studies in the field of participatory project show how each action/intervention should be an expression of the target communities, project planning, in fact, implies to know the reality in which we work, where we act, with the ultimate goal of making grow sense of responsibility, power, skills and sense of community in subjects and defined contexts...
Paradigms lost: Toward a new understanding of community participation in health programmes
Acta Tropica, 1996
Community participation has been a critical part of health programmes, particularly since the acceptance of primary health care as the health policy of the member states of the World Health Organisation. However, it has rarely met the expectations of health planners/professionals. This paper argues that the reason for this failure is that community participation has been conceived in a paradigm which views community participation as a magic bullet to solve problems rooted booth in health and political power. For this reason, it is necessary to use a different paradigm which views community participation as an iterative learning process allowing for a more electric approach to be taken. Viewing community participation in this way will enable more realistic expectations to be made. Community participation in disease control programmes focusing on community health workers is used as an example to show the limitations of the old paradigm. Participatory rapid appraisal is used to illustrate the new.
IMPROVING PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
In development studies, we use participatory communication approaches to facilitate community participation in development initiatives. Participatory communication is a powerful tool to facilitate the process of development by accompanying the local development dynamics. It is about encouraging community participation with development initiatives through a strategic utilization of various communication strategies. This article defines the concepts and methodology of participatory communication while keeping the ground realities in mind to the members of development agencies, development practitioners working with communities, community members involved in development activities and to all the communication and development practitioners involved in the field of development communication. The article is basically intended to explain how researchers and practitioners can improve communication with local communities and other stakeholders while using a two-way communication approach to enhance community participation in development initiatives and to improve the capacity of communities to participate in the management of their own resources.
Policy & practice Community participation in health
2017
Marston, C; Hinton, R; Kean, S; Baral, S; Ahuja, A; Costello, A; Portela, A; (2016) Community participation for transformative action on women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94 (5). pp. 376-82. ISSN 0042-9686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.168492 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2548679/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.168492