Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts (original) (raw)
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PLANT EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES: A MINI-REVIEW
Nanoparticles are an important field of research due to their unique properties as compared to their bulk structures and the diverse applications arising from these properties. The major synthesis methods available involve physical and chemical methods which are expensive and use toxic chemicals. There is hence a need for an eco-friendly synthesis route which is in par with the chemical methods. Green synthesis or biosynthesis is a good alternative where plants or microbes are used to assist nanoparticle synthesis, thereby reducing toxicity. Usually, biosynthesis is done for metallic nanoparticles, especially gold. In this paper, plant extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and the factors affecting the synthesis are discussed.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Plant Extract: An Overview
Nanotechnology is making an impact in every field of life. Researchers are expending their interests towards synthesise of gold nanoparticles as they provide superior properties for different types of applications. Conventionally nanoparticles have been synthesised by various physical and chemical methods, having negative impact on environment. The production of nanoparticles using plant extract is alternative the conventional methods. The photosynthesis is a green and eco-friendly technology used for production of large scale nanoparticles. Plant extracts may act both as reducing agents and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The various phytochemicals present in plant extract used for the reducing and stabilisation of nanoparticles. This review article is concentrated on synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extract used for various applications.
Potential Applications of Plants for the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles : A Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Nanoparticles are widely used in biotechnology and biomedical fields such as in diagnosis and therapy. Recently, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using plants has been extensively studied and has been recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting plant parts as convenient nanofactories. The importance of nanotechnology is highly increased in last years. Gold and silver nanoparticles are significant in the process due to their many peculiarities such as surface Plasmon absorption and the surface accessibility for further functionalization. As gold and silver nanoparticle are proved to be safest for drugs applications they are considered very important and used in several applications. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticle can be done through three methods like Physical, Chemical reduction and Biological or Green methods. Present work have been presented to focus on the green method of its synthesis. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages over tedious, toxic and expensive physical and chemical methods of synthesis. The goal, was to develop a reliable, ecofriendly and easy process for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of nanoparticle are the key to their biomedical property. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is feasible way for the future and this review provides gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis by green method because in recent years' efficient green chemistry methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticle has become major focus of researchers.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extract: Mini-review
Nanochemistry Research, 2017
In this review, we examine the greenest nanoparticles of zero-valent metals, metal oxides and metal salts, with emphasis on recent developments routes. Products from nature or those derived from natural products, such as extracts of several plants or parts of plants, tea, coffee, banana, simple amino acids, as well as wine, table sugar and glucose, have been used as reductants and as capping agents during the present synthesis method. Polyphenols found in plant material often play a key role in the processes mentioned here. The techniques involved are generally one-pot processes, environmentally friendly and simple. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using several extracts and spices extracts was conducted, in which aqueous extracts HAuCl4.3H2O reduce to Au° has establishing themselves in specific crystal phase. Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by the color change of auric chloride which is yellow. The growth of nanoparticles was monitored by the behavior of surface Plasmon using UV-Vis spectroscopy; also the pH was determined meanwhile. Moreover, this approach is not only of a green rapid synthesis kind and considered as a better alternative to chemical synthesis, but also found to be effective for large scale synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
Phyto-assisted synthesis, characterization and applications of gold nanoparticles – A review
A B S T R A C T Nanotechnology is the formation, running and use of operation at the nanomaterial size scale (1–100 nm). Nanoscale materials can also be obtained by biological synthesis materials via eco-friendly green chemistry based technique. Current development and numerous strategies involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles were focussed. This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles. Plant extract which was done experimentally gives its various characterization which leads to the identification of compounds of different nano size and shape. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is in different shapes like spherical, rod, cubic, triangle and also in different sizes. Various application and importance of gold nanoparticles in numerous fields were discussed. The mark of the review is to provide an overview of recent learning in biosynthesized nanoparticles, its characterization and their potential applications.
Green Nanotechnology from Plant Extracts: Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles
Advances in Nanoparticles, 2016
The advantage of using plants in nanoparticles synthesis is that they are easily available, safe to handle and possess a broad variability of metabolites such as antioxidants, nucleotides and vitamins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Green and Zimbro tea and also Green coconut water as a reducing and stabilizer agent in gold nanoparticle synthesis. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Their physical stability was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer over several days during storage at room temperature. We observed that green chemical process to obtain gold nanoparticles did not require any external chemicals reagent for stabilization of nanoparticulate. Absorption measurements indicated that the plasmon resonance wavelength appears around 530 nm. X-ray diffractograms of gold nanoparticles evidenced the presence of Au-rich (fcc) phases. TEM analysis showed a homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles and some agglomerates. Differences in size and shape of the nanoparticles were observed. Zeta potential of AuNPs synthetized in presence of Green tea was −33 mV indicating stability of the synthesized nanoparticles.
A new green chemistry method based on plant extracts to synthesize gold nanoparticles
Extraordinary chemical and physical properties exhibited by nanomaterials, as compared to their bulk counterparts, have made the area of nanotechnology a growing realm in the past three decades. It is the nanoscale size (from 1 to 100 nm) and the morphologies of nanomaterials that provide several properties and applications not possible for the same material in the bulk. Magnetic and optical properties, as well as surface reactivity are highly dependent on the size and morphology of the nanomaterial. Diverse nanomaterials are being widely used in molecular diagnostics as well as in medicine, electronic and optical devices. Among the most studied nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles are of special interest due to their multifunctional capabilities. For instance, spherical gold nanoparticles measuring 15-20 nm in diameter have been studied due to their insulin binding properties. Also, thiol functionalized gold nanoparticles between 5 and 30 nm are used in the detection of DNA. Thus, har...
Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology, 2016
This work, conducted biological synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through environmentally friendly technology using plant extracts: cactus (Opuntia sp.), onion (Allum sp.), pear (Pyrus sp.), coffee (Coffea sp.) and laurel (Laurus sp.), as a reducing agent and stabilizers. The methodology consists in merging Turkevich et al., 1951 and Rico-Moctezuma et al., 2010 techniques. The characterization with UV-Visible spectrophotometry determined maximum absorbance at 527-537 nm, corresponding with previously reported AuNPs absorbance, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the gold nanoparticles biosynthesis produced different shapes, including spheres, cubes, cones, cylinders and others with a size of 5-100 nm depending on the extract used, so that the proposed method is useful, eco-friendly, quick and inexpensive to synthesize AuNPs. Furthermore these AuNPs can be functionalized.
In this current study, we have made attempts to standardize a green chemistry approach of gold nanoparticles synthesis and we have successfully come out with an effective, economic, feasible and cost efficient route of gold nanoparticles synthesis. 8 different plant samples were tried out for the process, that resulted in the synthesis of 8 types of nanoparticles. The reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles was indicated by the color produced during the reaction. The formation of pink / wine red / cherry red color indicated the complete synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Depending upon the intensity of the color produced, the nanoparticles can be further quantified. The time required for the complete reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles depended upon the type of the extract used. The duration for the synthesis was at the minimum for Camellia sinensis (green tea)extract that yielded nanoparticles in less than 30 seconds and the maximum duration required was recorded to be 24 hours in case of other plant extracts like Coriandrum sativum, Mentha arvensis, Phyllanthus amarus, Artabotrys hexapetalus and Mimusops elengi and for Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis (black tea)extract, the reduction was complete in 1 hour.