In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected medicinal plants used by the indigenous tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (original) (raw)
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Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Properties of Some Selected Indian Medicinal Plants
2015
Since ancient times, different plants have been used as a source of medicines. A variety of drugs could be obtained from medicinal plants. About 80 % individuals from developing countries rely on plant based preparations used in their traditional medicinal system and as the basic needs for human primary health care (Ellof, 1998). Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them rich sources of different types of medicine (Nair et al., 2005). Mostly, these compounds are secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, resins, fatty acids, tannins and phenol compounds, etc. Compounds extracted from different parts of ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 228-235 http://www.ijcmas.com
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2015
Please cite this article as: N. Akhtar, I-u. Haq, B. Mirza, Phytochemical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of 61 medicinal plant species, Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2015), doi: http://dx.Abstract Plants are rich source of therapeutic compounds that have tremendous applications in pharmaceutical industry. To find new sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, methanol/chloroform and aqueous extracts of 61 medicinal plants were evaluated systematically. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against six bacterial and five fungal strains, while natural antioxidants were studied by using reducing power (RP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Six plants exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity while two exerted significant antifungal activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the samples varied from 20.2 -85.6 mg /g dry weight (DW) in M/C extracts and 5.5 -62.1 mg /g DW in aq. extracts, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 2.9 -44.5 mg quercitin equivalent (QE) /g DW of sample 2 for M/C extracts and 2.4 -37.1 mg QE /g DW for aq. extracts. The results showed that antioxidant activities of plant species varied to a great extent not only among extracts (M/C and aq.) but also between the assays used for antioxidant evaluation. Significant linear correlation (p < 0.01) of TPC with antioxidant activities suggested their contribution to antioxidant activity. Using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), gallic acid and rutin were detected in most of plant extracts with significant antioxidant activities. Study identifies plants with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which could be used for isolation of desired therapeutic compounds and to develop infusions, nutriceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Samples of 61 medicinal plants were collected from different areas of Pakistan and identified by Professor Dr. Rizwana Aleem Qureshi, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Voucher specimens were submitted to the herbarium of Quaid-i-Azam University for future reference. The plants were selected on the basis of local use of these plants in folk medicine.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF THREE TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Objective: The objective of the current study was to compare the phytochemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Cissus qudrangularis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Trigonella foenum-graecum against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Bacillus circulans. Methods: Qualitative analysis and quantitative estimation of various phytochemical components were done using standard protocols. Antibacterial activity against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus circulans was evaluated using standard protocol of agar well diffusion and disc diffusion assay. The zone of inhibition was calculated. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and tannins in all three plant extracts. In quantitative estimation, Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed high alkaloid content (22%), Cissus qudrangularis showed high saponin content (6%) Trigonella foenum-graecum showed a high concentration (4.65 mg/g) of tannin. All the three plants showed moderate antimicrobial activity. The water extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed the highest zone of inhibition (13 mm) against Escherichia coli and the water extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum showed the highest zone of inhibition (11 mm) against Bacillus circulans. Conclusion: The result of this study supports the use of all the selected three medicinal plants as a source of antibacterial substance for the possible treatment of human pathogenic organisms. These plants can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic phytochemicals and further pharmacological evaluation.
Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2019
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants including Catharanthus roseus, Aegle marmelos, Moringa oleifera, and Ageratum conyzoids grown in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. In this study, total 11 phytochemicals were screened from methanol extract of four medicinal plants, wherein flavonoid, tannin, sterol, phenol were present in all four medicinal plants. In vitro, antioxidant activity of these medicinal plants extract was investigated by DPPH-radical scavenging assay. The Aegle marmelos exhibited the highest antioxidant activity followed by Moringa oleifera, Ageratum conyzoids, and Catharanthus roseus extract. Methanolic extracts of same medicinal plants were subjected to a test of their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp .and Salmonella sp. by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial potential was observed in the extract of Aegle marmelos against Salmonella sp. followed by Catharanthus roseus against Pseudomonas sp .with zone of inhibition of 18.67 mm, 15.0 mm, respectively. This study confirmed the efficacy of some native medicinal plants extract as potential source of phytochemicals, along with natural antioxidant and antimicrobials, which provide new possibilities to employing them against disease causing test organisms.
2016
Introduction: Phytochemicals are non-nutritive, chemical compounds that occur naturally on plants and have diverse protective properties .Most Phytochemicals like carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols have antimicrobial activity and serve as a source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens. In the present study, five indigenous plants of Assam namely Oldenlandia corymbosa, Ricinus communis, Lpomea aquatica, Xanthium strumarium, Mentha piperita were analyzed for various Phytochemicals present and their antimicrobial activity. Methods: Phytochemical screening tests was conducted for five plant species and found that extract contains a variety of Phytochemicals like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and reducing sugars and among which there is higher level of precipitation for phenol and flavonoids. As they are essential source of antimicrobial agents against pathogens, their extract were tested for its antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method using Nutrient agar against human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Results: The study plant extract of Xanthium strumarium(leaves, roots) and Mentha piperita(stem) had shown a strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the plant extract of Ricinus communis(leaves ,stem, roots), Lpomea aquatica (stem)had shown antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Oldenlandia corymbosa hadn't shown antimicrobial activity for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study provided evidence to confirm the presence of various medicinally important bioactive compounds or Phytochemicals that has got biological importance and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and this findings suggest that the selected plant extracts possesses antimicrobial properties that could be used for biological control of bacterial cultures and this bioactive compounds serve as a source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Indian Folk Medicinal Plants
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The success of chemotherapy lies in the continuous search for new drugs to counter the challenge posed by resistant strains. Methanol extracts of six plant species traditionally used in Indian folklore medicine for the treatment of various bacterial and fungal infections were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Eugenia jambolana and Cassia auriculata showed the highest toxicity against all the bacteria. The plant extracts showed antibacterial activity but not antifungal activity against any of the fungi used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay were determined for these two extracts against bacteria. E. jambolana revealed the highest antimicrobial activity at a minimum concentration (0.75 mg/ml) against S. aureus. The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of coumarins, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Alkaloids were not detected from any of the plant extracts under study. The results provide justification for the use of the plants in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.
Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants
2021
Medicinal plants are important reservoirs of bioactive compounds that need to be explored systematically. Because of their chemical diversity, natural products provide limitless possibilities for new drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of crude extracts from fifteen Nepalese medicinal plants. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity were evaluated through a colorimetric approach while the antibacterial activities were studied through the measurement of the zone of inhibition (ZoI) by agar well diffusion method along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by broth dilution method. The methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu and Eupoterium adenophorum showed the highest TPC (55.21 ± 11.09 mg GAE/gm) and TFC (10.23 ± 1.07 mg QE/gm) among the studied plant extracts. Acacia catechu showed effective antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 1.3 μg/mL, followed by extracts of Myrica esculenta, ...
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Indigenous Plant Species
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering TechnologyInternational Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2021
Plants in the nature constitute various unidentified and excellent properties that can be used for various different purposes including creation of new drugs and therapies. The methanol extract of six medicinal plants i.e., Azadirachta indica (Neem) Calotropis procera (Aakh), Saraca asoca (Ashok), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Ocimum tenuiflorum(Tulsi) and Asparagus racemosus(Shatavari) leaf extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against E.coli and A.niger. The invitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. The study also prove that several plant extracts can be useful in preservation of food articles and constitution of several food preservatives. The presence of phytochemicals is medicinally important for formulation of many therapeutic drugs.
Ethnic tribes and medicinal plans Jaipur: …, 2010
Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous defense mechanisms against antimicrobial agents; hence resistance to old and newly produced drugs is on the rise. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance exhibited by the pathogenic microorganisms have led to the need for screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. Thus the present study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial activity of 15 medicinal plants used by tribals against UTI causing isolates. The antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Corriander sativum, Abutilon indicum, Boerhavia diffusa andrographis paniculata, Plantago ovata, Bacopa monnieri, Bauhinia variegata, Flacouratia ramontchi, Embelia tfgerium, Euphorbia ligularia, Zinziber officinale, Terminalia chebula, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Cinnamomum cassia was determined against 33 UTI isolates i.e. Proteus mirabilis (10), Escherichia coli (6), Proteus vulgaris (6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5), Enterobacter cloacae (2), Providencia pseudomallei (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1) by disc diffusion method. Our studies concluded that crude extracts of the selected plants especially the acetone and ethanol extracts exhibited significant activity against UTI pathogens. It can be concluded that these plants can be used to discover natural products that may serve as lead for the development of new pharmaceuticals addressing the major therapeutic needs.