Synthesis and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Clean Energy and Environment: A Review ARTICLE in CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY · APRIL 2015 Synthesis and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Clean Energy and Environment: A Review (original) (raw)

Synthesis and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Clean Energy and Environment: A Review

Ionic liquids (ILS) are typically referred to as "green" or "designer" solvents. These solvents consist entirely of ionic species exhibiting many fascinating properties, such as non-flammability, low vapour pressure, wide electrochemical window and thermodynamic kinetic stability. Moreover, these remarkable properties can also be adjusted by using various synthesis methods. The application of ILs solves many major problems in green energy production and environment including solar energy, biomass and CO2 adsorption. Although, given our current state of knowledge, the applications of ILs are unpredictable; they have nonetheless rapidly attracted enormous attention in the fields of modern physical chemistry, materials science, applied technologies and engineering. This review focuses on the basic ILs synthesis methods and the latest advancements in the clean energy and environmental application of ILs.

Ionic liquids: Green solvents of sustainable chemistry

2017

Sustainable chemistry is determined for the reduction or replacement of chemicals which causes irreparable damage to ecosystem and raises environment, health and safety concerns. Conventional organic solvents are main culprit in increasing the non-greenness of chemical processes by emitting out volatile organic carbons into the atmosphere. Novel and green solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) are proved as stepping stone for the design of more eco-viable chemical processes. ILs are ‘liquid’ ‘salts’ which consists of large hydrophobic cationic part and smaller inorganic anionic part. They have a unique array of physic-chemical properties which make them suitable in numerous applications in which conventional organic solvents are not sufficiently effective or not applicable. Main factor which contribute in green nature of ILs is their non-volatile nature which is due to electrostatic forces of attraction between cationic and anionic part. This force is strong enough to negate their vap...

Innovative applications of ionic liquids as “green” engineering liquids

Chemical Engineering Communications, 2006

Over the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have become one of the fastest growing “green” media for chemists and engineers due to their superb physicochemical properties. The applications of these remarkable salts in reactions and extraction processes have been extensively investigated and reviewed. This review, however, highlights recent advances of ILs as versatile “green” engineering liquids in a variety of industrial applications including heat transfer fluids, azeotrope-breaking liquids, lubricants, electrolytes, liquid crystals, supported IL membranes, plasticizers, and more. This review is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to discuss the potentials of ILs for diverse industrial applications.

Applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2013

In recent years, various novel and greener methodologies have been developed using ionic liquids (ILs). In these reactions, IL has played multiple roles like catalyst, solvent, and catalyst support. In some cases, it was observed that IL enables efficient catalytic reactions in comparison with conventional molecular solvents. On the other hand, although a number of catalytic reaction processes in which ILs are used have been established in industry, there were also some unexpected problems, such as unintelligible aberrance or degradation of so-called taskspecific ILs occurring in reaction processes and on the pilot plant scale. Also, several urgent questions regarding the fundamental aspects of ILs particularly toxicity and greener preparation methods need to be clarified. Several industrial applications of ILs are also discussed.

Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs), known as green designer solvents, have shown tremendous application potential in various elds of science and technology. Their unusual and unique physicochemical properties have attracted researchers worldwide from interdisciplinary research areas. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility, that makes them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these environmentally benign designer materials can be used as both electrolytes as well as solvents depending on the requirement. Owing to thedistinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for speci c purposesto be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors(SCs) and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells,SCs and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices.

Ionic liquids-Useful Reaction Green Solvents for the Future (A Review

— Ionic liquids, being composed entirely of ions, were once mainly of interest to electrochemists. Recently, however, it has become apparent that their lack of measurable vapor pressure characterizes them as green solvents, and that a wide range of chemical reactions can be performed in them. To date, most chemical reactions have been carried out in molecular solvents. For two millennia, most of our understanding of chemistry has been based upon the behavior of molecules in the solution phase in molecular solvents. However, at room temperature, thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions carried out in ionic liquids are different to those in conventional molecular solvents, then the chemistry is different and unpredictable at our current state of knowledge. However, in addition to the scope for exciting new discoveries with which they tease us, ionic liquids have no measurable vapor pressure, and hence can emit no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).