Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Melia azedarach extracts on Haemonchus contortus (original) (raw)
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Parasitology Research, 2017
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires Is there a negative association between the content of condensed tannins, total phenols, and total tannins of tropical plant extracts and in vitro anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus eggs?
Journal of Helminthology, 2012
The present study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves of Myrsine Africana, Rhus glabrous, Jasminum abysinicum, Rhus vulgaris, Acokanthera schimperi and aerial parts of Foenicum vulgare on nematode parasite, Heamonchus contortus. For this purpose, Egg Hatch Test (EHT) and Larval Development Test (LDT) were conducted on nematodes ova to investigate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal effects of crude extracts. Significant variation in yield among different plant species with different methods of extraction was observed. The highest yield was recorded for methanol extract of A. schimperi leaves (36,93%) and lowest yield for methanol extract was observed with R. glabrous leaves (4.8%). The highest yield for aqueous extraction was that of leaves of F. vulgare leaves which was (22.17%) and lowest yield for aqueous extraction was that of A. schimperi leaves (1.72%). Of all tested plants, both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of aerial part of F. vulgare showed best performance, producing nearly 100% egg hatch inhibition at concentration of 1mg/ml while none of the other plants were able to induce complete inhibition even at concentration of 2mg/ml. The performance of aqueous and methanol extracts of most plants were significantly different (p<0.05) except that of F. vulgare were both extracts induced nearly similar effect. In general, all used plants in the current study induced over 50% inhibition of egg hatch of H. contortus at highest used concentration (2mg/ml). Albendazole required a maximum concentration (0.25µg/ml) to induce 100% egg hatch inhibition. The effective doses required to induce 50% and 90% (ED and ED) inhibition of egg hatching were calculated by probit analysis. Of all 50 90 investigated plants, both extracts of F. vulgare induced 50% inhibition of egg hatching at lower concentrations (0.24 and 0.27 mg/ml) for aqueous and alcoholic extracts, respectively. Aqueous extract of R. vulgaris and alcoholic extract of A. schimperi have also performed the next remarkable inhibition of egg hatching at concentration of 0.64 and 0.85 mg/ml, respectively. Of all plants, alcoholic extract of R. glabrous induced 50% inhibition at higher concentration. ED value for the aqueous and methanol extracts of most plants in the 50 current study did not show statistically significant variation. ED for egg hatch inhibition of Albendazole was 50 0.09µg/ml. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of most plants had shown variable effect on development of larvae of H. contortus. The highest larval development inhibition observed was for alcoholic extract of R. glabrous (97.7%) while the least effective plant was aqueous extract of R. vulgaris (10%) at the maximum tested concentration. Despite high dose required to inhibit larval development, except for both extracts of R. vulgaris, almost all plant extracts induced dose dependent inhibition of larval development. Unlike the effect of plants on egg hatching, there was statistically significant variation in activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of most plants (p<0.05) at most tested concentrations. In most cases, alcoholic extracts are more effective than their aqueous counterparts.
The active constituents of herbs and their plant chemistry, extraction and identification methods
Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2016
The active constituents of plants have only relatively recently been isolated. The active constituents in plants are the chemicals that have a medicinal effect on the body. These are the active ingredients of the plant, the chemicals that have a marked, definable physiological and therefore, possibly medical activity upon the body. These constituents and their actions within the body are also referred to as their pharmacology. They have been divided into 16 main groups: Alkaloids, Anthocyanins, Anthraquinones, Cardiac Glycosides, Coumarins, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Flavonoids, Glucosilinates, Phenols, Saponins, and Tannins
Phytochemical Constituents of some Medicinal Plants
In this study, five medicinal plants materials were analysed in order to investigate the presence of phytochemicals and to determine amount of tannin, glucosides, hydrogen cyanide, steroid, soluble carbohydrate, flavonoid and alkaloid in the five selected medicinal plants. The five test plant materials were Azadirachta indica leaves, Garcinia cola seeds, Zingiber officinale stem, Gongronema latifolia leaves and Carica papaya leaves. Phytochemical analysis done on Azadirachta indica A Juss, Garcinia cola Henkel, Zingiber officinale Rose, Gongronema latifolia L. and Carica papaya L. revealed the presence of tannin, soluble carbohydrate, hydrogen cyanide, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids as well as glucosides in all the extracts tested. It also showed the levels of tannin, soluble carbohydrate, hydrogen cyanide, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and glucosides in the
Introduction: The present trial aimed to investigate invitro anthelminthic activities of selected tropical tanniferous plant extract on egg hatchability and larval development inhibition of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. In view of that, three tropical tanniferous plants Rhus glutinosa, Syzygium guineensa and Albizia gumifera, were selected based on their relative high content of condensed tannins. Methods: In this study, eggs were collected from artificially infected with H. contortus. Then the egg was directly subjected to invitro assay with these condensed tannin-enriched extracts using egg hatchability assay and inhibition of larval development assay. Results: The result showed that extracts from all three tropical tanniferous plants demonstrated statistically significant (P < 0.05) dosedependent inhibition of both egg hatchability and larval development. According to IC 50 and IC 90 values, the condensed tannin-enriched extracts inhibiting egg hatching and larval development most potently were Rhus glutinosa followed in descending order of activity by Syzygium guineensa and Albizia gumifera. Discussion: The result of this study showed that these condensed tanninenriched extracts were effective in inhibiting egg hatchability as well as larval development. Therefore, condensed tannin might be recommended as one of the options for the control of H. contortus in sheep.
Pharmacological activities of selected plant species and their phytochemical analysis
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012
In this study, four plants [Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng (Euphorbiaceae), Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf (Ephedraceae), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Astraceae), and Quercus dilatata L. (Fegaceae)] collected from different regions of Pakistan were screened to identify any chemotherapeutic agents present in them. Seven methanol extracts of these plants (leaf, stem, and root extracts of C. hierosolymitana; stem and root extracts of E. gerardiana; aerial parts of C. leucanthemum, and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) were examined for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp assay, antitumor activity using potato disc assay, and phytotoxicity activity using radish seed bioassay. Two methanol plant extracts, that is, leaf extract of C. hierosolymitana and root extract of E. gerardiana showed significant brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity ranging from 171.55 to 523.8 ppm. Six of the seven extracts exhibited tumor inhibition at all the three concentrations tested, ranging from 10 to 80%. All extracts showed growth and seed germination inhibition at high concentration against radish seeds, while two extracts (root extract of C. hierosolymitana and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) showed growth stimulating effects at lower concentrations. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, flavones, tannins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides in different concentrations in these extracts.
Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Some Medicinal Leaves
Clinical Medicine Research, 2017
The proximate analysis and the phytochemical constituents were investigated in Magnifera, Morinda lucida, Parquetina nigrescens, Oscmium gratissimum, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Veronia amygaldalina using standard reference methods. The proximate analysis in % showed that Chenopodium ambrosioides had the highest amount of ash content of 17.30 and moisture content of 89.40 while Magnifera indica had the lowest amount of ash content 12.04 and moisture content 68.40. Veronia amygaldalina had the highest amount of protein 30.02 and carbohydrate 54.00 while Parquetina nigrescens had the least amount of protein 25.06 and carbohydrate 40.23. Parquetina nigrescens had the highest amount of crude fibre of 25.05 while Chenopodium ambrosioides had the highest amount of crude fat 18.22. The moisture content was found to be 89.40%, ash content 17.30, fat 18.22%, protein 30.02%, crude fibre 25.05% and carbohydrate 54.00%. The phytochemical constituents indicated flavonoid 28.58% alkaloid 25.84% and tannin 2.94% in Magnifera indica, Veronia amygaldalina and Morinda lucida respectively. The presence of high secondary metabolites in the leaves are good indication that if the plant is subjected to further research such as identification and characterization of plant, bioactive compounds with strong biological activities may be isolated and novel compounds may also be identified.