Levels of Vitamin D and the Association with Body Composition in Adolescents (original) (raw)
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Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Brazilian Adolescents
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2009
Background/Aims: Cutaneous sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake are important determinants of vitamin D status. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of a group of healthy adolescent students living in Brazil. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six adolescents, 64 boys and 72 girls, aged 16–20 years old, living in a rural town in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, participated in this study. Results: The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 140 (120–156) IU/day [3.5 (3.0–3.9) μg/day]. Only 14.9% of the students met the daily adequate intake recommendation of vitamin D. Only 27.9% practice physical activity outdoors and 17.6% of the adolescents apply sunscreen daily. The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 73.0 (22.0) nmol/l [29.2 (8.8) ng/ml]. Vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 60% of adolescents. Conclusions: The present study suggests that even in a sunny climate like Brazil the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in adolescents is high. Most likely...
Journal of Nutritional Science, 2020
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of 25-OH-D status (insufficiency and deficiency) in children and adolescents residing in Bucaramanga, Colombia and to determine its association with excess weight. A case–control study was nested in the SIMBA II cohort in children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 20 years old. Cases were defined as those children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The control group was composed of children and adolescents from the same population sample with similar sociodemographic and economic characteristics but without overweight or obesity diagnosis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) was quantified in serum using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin D status and overweight or obesity adjusted for the main confounding variables. A total of 494 children and adolescents cases were 138 (52⋅17% boys and 47⋅83% girls; median age 16⋅0 [Q1 15; Q3 18])...
Public health nutrition, 2017
To understand the relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Cross-sectional evaluation carried out in the 2003/2004 school year. Vitamin D intake was assessed by an FFQ and 25(OH)D was measured in a fasting blood sample. Public and private schools in Porto, Portugal. Adolescents aged 13 years (n 521) enrolled at school (EPITeen cohort). Both mean (sd) intake and serum 25(OH)D level were far below the recommended, 4·47 (2·49) µg/d and 16·5 (5·7) ng/ml, respectively. A significant difference in serum level was found according to season, with lower values in winter than summer (14·8 (4·6) v. 17·3 (5·9) ng/ml, P<0·001). Vitamin D intake was weakly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r=0·056, P=0·203). Dietary vitamin D and serum 25(OH)D levels were positively but weakly correlated and the error was higher among those with higher serum 25(OH)D concentration. Our results support the need for strategies that pr...
British Journal of Nutrition, 2012
An adequate vitamin D status is essential during childhood and adolescence, for its important role in cell growth, skeletal structure and development. It also reduces the risk of conditions such as CVD, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, infections and autoimmune disease. As comparable data on the European level are lacking, assessment of vitamin D concentrations was included in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from a subsample of 1006 adolescents (470 males; 46·8 %) with an age range of 12·5-17·5 years, selected in the ten HELENA cities in the nine European countries participating in this cross-sectional study, and analysed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) by ELISA using EDTA plasma. As specific reference values for adolescents are missing, percentile distribution were computed by age and sex. Median 25(OH)D levels for the whole population were 57·1 nmol/l (5th percentile 24·3 nmol/l, 95th percentile 99·05 nmol/l). Vitamin D status was classified into four groups according to international guidelines (sufficiency/optimal levels $75 nmol/l; insufficiency 50 -75 nmol/l; deficiency 27·5 -49·99 nmol/l and severe deficiency ,27·5 nmol/l). About 80 % of the sample had suboptimal levels (39 % had insufficient, 27 % deficient and 15 % severely deficient levels). Vitamin D concentrations increased with age (P,0·01) and tended to decrease according to BMI. Geographical differences were also identified. Our study results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in European adolescents and should be a matter of concern for public health authorities.
Levels of vitamin D among overweight and obese adolescents: an observational study
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2017
Background: Normal growth and development requires vitamin D, and its deficiency compromises long term health and increases the risk of chronic disease. Severe vitamin D deficiency include rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, increased risk of fracture, tooth loss. Studies indicate that vitamin D insufficiency (less severe than deficiency) is associated with a wide range of illnesses and chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, multiple sclerosis and many types of cancer. Currently world is facing an unrecognized and untreated pandemic of vitamin D deficiency. This study aims at showing the relation between Vitamin D status and obesity in adolescent children and to know the dietary factors, life style factors like physical activity contributing to overweight and obesity in adolescents.Methods: Study design: This is an observational study of 30 overweight and obese adolescents based on BMI were studied and their Vitamin D levels were assessed.Results: A total of 1...
Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2013
Adolescence is a critical life-stage period characterised by rapid growth and development. Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been negatively associated with obesity and healthy lifestyle habits (1, 2). We have previously reported high prevalence (up to 80%) of hypovitaminosis D (,75 nmol/L) in European adolescents participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (3). The complexity of vitamin D metabolism poses difficulties in the identification and determination of factors related to vitamin D insufficiency. Its status is largely determined by environmen-
Vitamin D levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in Portuguese adolescents
International Journal of Cardiology, 2016
Background: Growing evidence suggests a possible association between low vitamin D levels and increased cardiovascular risk. However, research regarding the period of adolescence is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D, intake and serum 25(OH)D levels, with cardiometabolic risk factors in 13-year-old adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1033 adolescents evaluated at 13 years old as part of the population-based cohort EPITeen. Vitamin D intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed for a subsample of 514 participants. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) features were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition modified for age. Logistic regression was fitted to estimate the association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusting for sex, parental education, BMI, physical activity and season. Results: Mean (SD) vitamin D levels, 4.61 (2.50) μg for intake and 16.52 (5.72) ng/mL for serum, were below the recommendations. The prevalence of MetS was 13.2%. Total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly decreased with 25(OH)D serum increase. After adjustment, no association was found between vitamin D levels and MetS. Regarding MetS features, an increased odds of high BMI was observed for those with a lower intake (OR 1.87 95% CI 1.04-3.35). Conclusions: Although a significant increase in total and LDL cholesterol was observed for lower 25(OH)D levels, and an increased odds of high BMI was observed for those with a lower vitamin D intake, no significant association was observed between vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome.
Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents; an international challenge
2014
Low vitamin D level is an important international public health problem. Vitamin D deficiency and its consequences among children and adolescents could indeed be considered as one of the most important public health problems. In fact, low vitamin D levels were reported in both children and adolescents. Several reasons could be taken into account in this regard such as the possibility of the reduced intake or synthesis of vitamin D (due to having a vitamin D deficient mother or a dark skin color), abnormal intestinal function or malabsorption (in small-bowel disorders), or reduced synthesis or increased degradation of vitamin D (in chronic liver or renal disease). More importantly, many countries in developing world, are experiencing a substantial percentage of adolescent and youth population with their own health related problems which vitamin D deficiency could affect on their health. The association between obesity and overweighting and vitamin D deficiency has been reported by ma...
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010
Background: Cross-sectional studies have indicated that vitamin D serostatus is inversely associated with adiposity. It is unknown whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the development of adiposity in children. Objective: We investigated the associations between vitamin D serostatus and changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2), skinfoldthickness ratio (subscapular-to-triceps), waist circumference, and height in a longitudinal study in children from Bogota, Colombia. Design: We quantified plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in baseline samples of a randomly selected group of 479 schoolchildren aged 5-12 y and classified vitamin D status as deficient [25(OH)D concentrations ,50 nmol/L], insufficient [25(OH)D concentrations 50 and ,75 nmol/L], or sufficient [25(OH)D concentrations 75 nmol/L]. We measured anthropometric variables annually for a median of 30 mo. We estimated the average change in each anthropometric indicator according to baseline vitamin D status by using multivariate mixed linear regression models. Results: Vitamin D-deficient children had an adjusted 0.1/y greater change in BMI than did vitamin D-sufficient children (P for trend = 0.05). Similarly, vitamin D-deficient children had a 0.03/y (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05/y) greater change in subscapular-to-triceps skinfoldthickness ratio and a 0.8 cm/y (95% CI: 0.1, 1.6 cm/y) greater change in waist circumference than did vitamin D-sufficient children. Vitamin D deficiency was related to slower linear growth in girls (20.6 cm/y, P = 0.04) but not in boys (0.3 cm/y, P = 0.34); however, an interaction with sex was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D serostatus was inversely associated with the development of adiposity in school-age children.