Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Employees and Mice at Multipremises Feeder-Rodent Operation, United States, 2012 (original) (raw)
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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: An emerging and reemerging rodent-borne viral zoonotic disease
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is an infectious emerging and re-emerging of zoonosis of public health significance that is caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus that belongs to the Arenaviridae family and is an important cause of neurological disease in humans. The common house mouse, Mus musculus, is the natural host for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The infected rats and mice shed huge amounts of the virus in their saliva, urine, feces, and nasal secretions. When feces, saliva, or urine from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infected rodents is inhaled or swallowed, acquired primary infection ensues. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus can infect the fetus after crossing the placenta. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in humans is usually asymptomatic, although it can cause aseptic meningitis or, in rare cases, meningoencephalitis. The infection due to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus can be severe and most often fatal among transplant patients. IgM and IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum are frequently used to make a laboratory diagnosis. Virus can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid during the acute stage of disease using PCR or virus isolation technique. Because there is no cure for the disease, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Limiting the entry of wild mice into facilities, wearing protective clothes, and taking caution while handling affected animals or tissues, as well as basic hygiene measures, can all help to prevent this rodent borne viral disease?
Trace-Forward Investigation of Mice in Response to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Outbreak
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014
Nichol, and the Multistate LCMV Outbreak Working Group 1 During follow-up of a 2012 US outbreak of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we conducted a traceforward investigation. LCMV-infected feeder mice originating from a US rodent breeding facility had been distributed to >500 locations in 21 states. All mice from the facility were euthanized, and no additional persons tested positive for LCMV infection.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in FVB Mouse Produces Hemorrhagic Disease
PLoS Pathogens, 2012
We report a case of acquired lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection due to an accidental percutaneous inoculation of LCMV at work. The injured worker developed a flu-like syndrome, followed by pericarditis and meningoencephalitis. Seroconversion was confirmed by ELISA. The patient made a complete recovery. We review measures undertaken to prevent a similar event and propose a follow-up protocol in the event of accidental LCMV exposure.
Journal of Virology, 2014
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can cause acute fatal disease on all continents but was never detected in Africa. We report the first detection of LCMV RNA in a common European house mouse (Mus musculusdomesticus) in Africa. Phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship with North American strains. These findings suggest that there is a risk of the appearance of LCMV acute encephalitis cases. This is a perfect example of virus dissemination by its natural host that may have dramatic public health consequences.
Pet Rodents and Fatal Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis in Transplant Patients
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
, 4 transplant recipients became ill after receiving organs infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV); 3 subsequently died. All organs came from a donor who had been exposed to a hamster infected with LCMV. The hamster was traced back through a Rhode Island pet store to a distribution center in Ohio, and more LCMV-infected hamsters were discovered in both. Rodents from the Ohio facility and its parent facility in Arkansas were tested for the same LCMV strain as the 1 involved in the transplant-associated deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of virus sequences linked the rodents from the Ohio facility to the Rhode Island pet store, the index hamster, and the transplant recipients. This report details the animal traceback and the supporting laboratory investigations.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis—Emerging Trends of a Neglected Virus: A Narrative Review
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 2021
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus distributed worldwide. Since serologic assays are limited to several laboratories, the disease has been underreported, often making it difficult to determine incidence and seroprevalence rates. Although human clinical cases are rarely recorded, LCMV remains an important cause of meningitis in humans. In addition, a fatal donor-derived LCMV infection in several clusters of solid organ transplant recipients further highlighted a pathogenic potential and clinical significance of this virus. In the transplant populations, abnormalities of the central nervous system were also found, but were overshadowed by the systemic illness resembling the Lassa hemorrhagic fever. LCMV is also an emerging fetal teratogen. Hydrocephalus, periventricular calcifications and chorioretinitis are the predominant characteristics of congenital LCMV infection, occurring in 87.5% of cases. Mortality in congenitally infected chi...
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a human pathogenic arenavirus, is distributed worldwide. However, no human cases have been reported in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the current situation and potential risks of LCMV infection in Gabon, Central Africa. Methods: A total of 492 human samples were screened to detect LCMV genome RNA and anti-LCMV IgG antibodies using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. ELISA-positive samples were further examined using a neutralization assay. Viral RNAs and antibodies were also analyzed in 326 animal samples, including rodents, shrews, and bushmeat. Results: While no LCMV RNA was detected in human samples, the overall seroprevalence was 21.5% and was significantly higher in male and adult populations. The neutralization assay identified seven samples with neutralizing activity. LCMV RNA was detected in one species of rodent (Lophuromys sikapusi) and a porcupine, and anti-LCMV IgG antibodies were detected in four rodents and three shrews. Conclusions: This study determined for the first time the seroprevalence of LCMV in Gabon, and revealed that local rodents, shrews, and porcupines in areas surrounding semi-urban cities posed an infection risk. Hence, LCMV infection should be considered a significant public health concern in Africa.