International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism In vivo evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaves of Azima tetracantha Linn (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2007
The basis for the use of Zizyphus spina-christi in folkloric practice as a remedy for diarrhoea was investigated in rats. The root bark of the plant material was sequentially extracted and the main antidiarrhoeal activity was traced to a fraction (numbered ZS-4E), eluted with chloroform-methanol (60:40), from the methanol extract. The fraction was tested for antidiarrhoeal activity against castor oil induced-diarrhoea and fluid accumulation, and charcoal meal test in rats. Results show that the fraction (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited some level of efficacy against the models used which however was not dose-dependent. Phytochemical tests of the methanol extract indicated the presence of tannins, saponins, balsams and carbohydrates. The total tannin content was established to be 18.1 mg/g.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of Ziziphus mauritiana root extract in rodents
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the root extract of Ziziphus mauritiana revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and volatile oil. Intraperitoneal LD50 of the extract was found to be 447.21 ± 20 mg/kg (bw) in mice. The Antidiarrhoeal effect of the methanolic extract as evaluated exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum and inhibited acetylcholine induced contraction of rat ileum. A dose dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transit was observed with extracts (25 and 50 mg/kg) which also protected mice against castor oil induced dirrhoea and castor oil induced fluid accumulation, respectively. The presence of some of the phytochemicals in the root extract may be responsible for the observed effects, and also the basis for its use in traditional medicine as antidiarrhoeal drug.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of Ziziphus mauritiana root
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the root extract of Ziziphus mauritiana revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and volatile oil. Intraperitoneal LD 50 of the extract was found to be 447.21 ± 20 mg/kg (bw) in mice. The Antidiarrhoeal effect of the methanolic extract as evaluated exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum and inhibited acetylcholine induced contraction of rat ileum. A dose dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transit was observed with extracts (25 and 50 mg/kg) which also protected mice against castor oil induced dirrhoea and castor oil induced fluid accumulation, respectively. The presence of some of the phytochemicals in the root extract may be responsible for the observed effects, and also the basis for its use in traditional medicine as antidiarrhoeal drug.
Plants form an integral part of daily life of human beings. The term ethnobotany refers to relationships and interactions between people and plants. Worldwide, plants are being used as sources of food, medicine, dyes, and timber. Traditional medicinal practitioners and indigenous systems of medicine (such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani) make use of several plant species to treat a range of ailments of humans and livestock. The therapeutic potential of plants lies in the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenes, and polyphenolic compounds. Azima tetracantha Lam., belonging to the family Salvadoraceae, is a small, armed shrub with quadrangular branches. The present review is a compilation of available data on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of A. tetracantha. Phytochemical investigations on the plant revealed the presence of chemicals such friedelin, euphanol, gallic acid, genstisic acid, cinnamate, ferulic acid, azimine, azcarpine, and carpaine. An extensive literature survey was carried out to compile data on traditional uses, phytochemicals, and the pharmacological activities shown by A. tetracantha. It is evident from the literatures that the plant is versatile with respect to its traditional uses as a remedy for various illnesses and disorders in humans and animals. The plant is used for treatment of asthma, cold, cough, rheumatism, diabetes, dysentery, fever, toothache, dog bite, snake bite, and liver diseases. It is experimentally shown that the plant exhibits pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antivenom, hepatoprotective, antiepileptic, diuretic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, antidiarrheal, analgesic, nephroprotective, antipyretic, and insecticidal activity. The nanoparticles synthesized from A. tetracantha have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. A pentacyclic triterpenoid friedelin isolated from the plant is shown to exhibit many bioactivities such as antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, insecticidal, gastroprotective and antiradical activity. The therapeutic potential and pharmacological properties of A. tetracantha could be ascribed to the presence of a wide array of phytochemicals in it. The pharmacological activities of the plant reported justify the traditional use of A. tetracantha in treating several diseases or disorders.
Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Azima Tetracantha Leaves
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation , 2018
Objective: To study of detailed pharmacognostic profile and preliminary phytochemical investigation and antifungal evaluation of leaves of Azima tetracanthalam belonging to the Family, Salvadoraceae commonly known as needle bush which is often used traditionally in Ayurveda for cough, phthisis and asthma,rheumatism,.dropsy, dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, tooth ache and jaundice. Methods: Leaf sample of Azima tetracanthalam was studied by its Macroscopical, Microscopical, Physicochemical, Phytochemical analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO and also antifungal evaluation. Results: Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, opposite, elliptical orbicular, mucronate apex, pinnate, decussately arranged, pale green in colour, characteristic odour, and no taste. Microscopically, the leaf was showed the presence of dorsiventral shape, Anisocytic stomata, Polygonal epidermis, abaxial phloem, palisade parenchyma, radial xylem elements, vertical mass of hyaline, compact parenchyma cells, prominent cuticle, crystal sheath, absence of trichomes and sclerenchyma. These were the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem fibres and epidermis with anisocytic stomata and crystal sheath. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, extractive values and ash values were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides. Conclusions: The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.
Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion, 2016
This paper deals with the anti-diarrheal property and phytochemical screening of four plants used in traditional medicine viz., Syzygium laetum, Symplocos cochinchinensis var. laurina, Memecylon randerianum and Vateria indica. Methanolic extract of four plants were tested for anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis which is associated with diarrhea. Phytochemical screening of these plants were performed for the constituents alkaloids, acidic compounds, anthraquinones, flavanoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, catacholamines, lipids, reducing sugar, resins, saponins, sterols, steroids, pholabatannins, tannins and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity revealed that all the plant extracts showed positive inhibitory activity against all tested pathogens. Memecylon randerianum possess highest number of phytochemicals with eleven out of sixteen. The study pointed out the importance of conservation of plant genetic resources which possess unique features in the control of awful diseases. Results of this study can be further taken up for the development of novel therapeutic compounds.
Antidiarrheal Activity of Three Medicinal Plants in Swiss Albino Mice
International Journal of Biomedicine, 2016
Background: Different parts of Allamanda neriifolia (AN), Crinum latifolium (CL), and Bruguiera cylindrica (BC) are used in folk medicine to treat diarrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare possible antidiarrheal activity of the crude extracts from barks, stems, and roots of AL, CL, and BC in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Antidiarrheal activities of extracts were evaluated at three doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and compared with Loperamide in a castor oil-induced diarrhea and charcoal meal test model in the Swiss albino mice. Results: The aqueous extract of CL and BC administered at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 0%, 24.5%, 62.26% and 5.66%, 37.11%, and 62.26% diarrhea inhibition, respectively. This reduction in diarrheal episodes is significant, and maximum effect was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg similarly in the alcohol extracts of both CL and BC. AN administered at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 55.97%, 74.84% and 74.84% diarrhea inhibition, respectively. The aqueous extracts of AN, CL and BC were able to increase the percentage inhibition of the charcoal meal movement. Conclusion: The antidiarrheal effect of the AN extract, in contrast to CL and BC, against the castor oil-induced diarrhea model prove its efficacy in an extensive range of diarrheal conditions.
2013
The aqueous root extract of Ziziphus abyssinica A. Rich. has been used in traditional medicine amongst Sokoto state indigenes in Northwest Nigeria for the treatment of diarrhoea. The study was conducted to evaluate the anti- diarrhoeal potential of this plant's root and to justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. The anti-diarrhoeal studies were evaluated (oral doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg and Loperamide as the standard drug) using the castor oil-induced and the gastrointestinal motility models in Wistar rats. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) and dose dependent inhibitory activity against the castor oil-induced diarrhoea and reduction in gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test in rats. Based on the findings, the aqueous root extract of this plant may possess anti-diarrhoeal properties and validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea.
Antidiarrheal activity of some selected Nigerian plants used in traditional medicine
Pharmacognosy Research
Context: Herbal preparations of the various parts of Vitellaria paradoxa, Neorautanenia mitis, Senna surattensis, and Hydnora abyssinica have been used in the Nigerian traditional medical practice to treat the symptoms of diarrhea in humans and animals. Aims: This study aims to validate claims of the traditional use of these plants in the treatment of diarrhea and provide a scientific basis for further studies. Materials and Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) values of the extracts were obtained using the Limit test. Castor oil induced diarrhea and intestinal transit (motility) models in albino rats were used to determine the antidiarrheal activity. Graded doses of the extracts were administered to 3 test groups, while the positive control groups were given standard drugs (atropine and loperamide) and the negative control groups received distilled water per os. Results: The LD50 was considered higher than 2000 mg/Kg for all the extracts. In the castor oil-induced diarrhea model, the highest percentage inhibition of defecation was observed in the test groups treated with the extracts of H. abyssinica (82%) followed by S. surattensis (81%), N. mitis (66%), and V. paradoxa (32%). H. abyssinica extract significantly decreased the intestinal transit of charcoal meal compared to the other extracts. Conclusion: The antidiarrheal activities of all the extracts give credence to their traditional use. H. abyssinica comparatively had the best antidiarrheal activity and has the potential as an antidiarrheal agent. Thus, the need for further studies of this extract to investigate active fractions, isolate and characterize active compounds, and determine their activities and safety.
Anti-diarrhoeal potential of the aqueous root extract of Ziziphus abyssinica A. Rich
Abstract: The aqueous root extract of Ziziphus abyssinica A. Rich. has been used in traditional medicine amongst Sokoto state indigenes in Northwest Nigeria for the treatment of diarrhoea. The study was conducted to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal potential of this plant’s root and to justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. The anti-diarrhoeal studies were evaluated (oral doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg and Loperamide as the standard drug) using the castor oil-induced and the gastrointestinal motility models in Wistar rats. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) and dose dependent inhibitory activity against the castor oil-induced diarrhoea and reduction in gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test in rats. Based on the findings, the aqueous root extract of this plant may possess anti-diarrhoeal properties and validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. Keywords: Ziziphus abyssinica, Anti-diarrhoea, Traditional med...