Genetic Population Structure of Fishes: Implications for Coastal Zone Management (original) (raw)
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Marine landscapes and population genetic structure of herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the Baltic Sea
2005
Numerically small but statistically significant genetic differentiation has been found in many marine fish species despite very large census population sizes and absence of obvious barriers to migrating individuals. Analyses of morphological traits have previously identified local spawning groups of herring ( Clupea harengus L.) in the environmentally heterogeneous Baltic Sea, whereas allozyme markers have not revealed differentiation. We analysed variation at nine microsatellite loci in 24 samples of spring-spawning herring collected at 11 spawning locations throughout the Baltic Sea. Significant temporal differentiation was observed at two locations, which we ascribe to sympatrically spawning but genetically divergent 'spawning waves'. Significant differentiation was also present on a geographical scale, though pairwise F ST values were generally low, not exceeding 0.027. Partial Mantel tests showed no isolation by geographical distance, but significant associations were observed between genetic differentiation and environmental parameters (salinity and surface temperature) (0.001 < P ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 0.099), though these outcomes were driven mainly by populations in the southwestern Baltic Sea, which also exhibits the steepest environmental gradients. Application of a novel method for detecting barriers to gene flow by combining geographical coordinates and genetic differentiation allowed us to identify two zones of lowered gene flow. These zones were concordant with the separation of the Baltic Sea into major basins, with environmental gradients and with differences in migration behaviour. We suggest that similar use of landscape genetics approaches may increase the understanding of the biological significance of genetic differentiation in other marine fishes.
Heredity, 2010
Information on the temporal stability of genetic structures is important to permit detection of changes that can constitute threats to biological resources. Large-scale harvesting operations are known to potentially alter the composition and reduce the variability of populations, and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) has a long history of heavy exploitation. In the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak waters, the census population sizes have declined by 35-50% over the last three decades. We compared the genetic structure of Atlantic herring in these waters sampled at least two different times between 1979 and 2003 by assaying 11 allozyme and nine microsatellite loci. We cannot detect any changes in the amount of genetic variation or spatial structure, and differentiation is weak with overall F ST ¼ 0.003 among localities for the older samples and F ST ¼ 0.002 for the newer ones. There are indications of temporal allele frequency changes, particularly in one of five sampling localities that is reflected in a relatively small local N e estimate of c. 400. The previously identified influence of selection at the microsatellite locus Cpa112 remains stable over the 24-year period studied here. Despite little genetic differentiation, migration among localities appears small enough to permit demographic independence between populations.
Effects of fishing protection on the genetic structure of fish populations
Biological Conservation, 2006
Marine reserves have been identified as an important tool in the management of fishery resources and their number is increasing rapidly, most of them being on islands. However, knowledge on the real effect of protection from fishing on the genetic structure of populations, the spatial scales involved, or the suitability of islands as reserves in terms of connectivity, is scarce. This paper analyses the effects of fishery protection on the genetic structure of populations of Diplodus sargus, a target species, in protected and non-protected areas of the western Mediterranean. Populations studied showed high genetic variability at spatial scales from 10 1 to 10 3 km. Protected areas have significantly higher allelic richness.
Conservation of genetic variation in harvested salmon populations
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2004
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Population Genetic Structure of Marine Fishes
IntechOpen eBooks, 2024
Research on population genetics structure of marine fishes is increasing because of new technology based on DNA sequencing. This knowledge is necessary for management and conservation of natural population in marine environment. The aim of the chapter is to discuss about how genetic population structure get from DNA, allows us to know about dynamic of life history of species of Teleosts (Actinopterigii) and Chondrichthyes (Elasmobranchii). The analysis is based on taxonomic point of view. We hope to contribute to apply the new advances to management of natural population of fishes and marine wildlife.