Characterisation and Cytotoxicity Assessment of UV Absorbers-Intercalated Zinc/Aluminium-Layered Double Hydroxides on Dermal Fibroblast Cells (original) (raw)
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Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 2014
Intercalation of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with benzophenone 9 (B9), a strong ultraviolet (UV) absorber, had been carried out by two different routes; co-precipitation and ion exchange method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of co-precipitated (ZB9C) and ion exchanged product (ZB9I) showed basal spacing of 15.9 Å and 16.6 Å, respectively, as a result of the intercalation of B9 anions into the lamellae spaces of LDH. Intercalation was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHNS) and thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) studies. UV-vis absorption properties of the nanocomposite was investigated with diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectrometer and showed broader UV absorption range. Furthermore, stability of sunscreen molecules in LDH interlayer space was tested in deionized water, artificial sea water and skin pH condition to show slow deintercalation and high retention in host. Cytotoxicity study of the synthesized nanocomposites on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells shows no significant cytotoxicity after 24 h exposure for test concentrations up to 25 g/mL.
Molecules
In this study, we propose a promising photoprotective additive that combines the advantages of both organic UV absorbers and inorganic particles without compromising the properties of the paint material. This additive involves the intercalation of a well-known organic UV absorber, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBISA), into zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH). Three ZnAl-LDH intercalates with PBISA were prepared using various methods based on either anion exchange or direct synthesis. The intercalates were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, and IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The composition and basal spacings of all three intercalates are very similar. An effective UV protection film was prepared when the ZnAl–PBISA–1 intercalate was incorporated into polyurethane-acrylate lacquer. The resultant UV protective film exhibited stability and uniform distribution of the intercalated fillers. Some minimal particle sedim...
Zn-Al LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE AS HOST MATERIAL FOR SUNSCREEN COMPOUND OF p-AMINOBENZOIC ACID
Zn-Al layered double hydroxide can be used as host material for UV active compound p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is having capability to block UV light of sunlight. The formation of Zn-Al-PABA was best developed in which the nucleation process was done at room temperature and followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100 oC. To make a better product, the molar ratio of Zn to Al to PABA was adjusted to 3:1:1. From the elemental analysis and the content of PABA, it was observed that the product has structural formula of Zn0,745Al0.254(OH)1.650(PABA)0.349. 0.684H2O. The particle size of the powder as estimated using SEM was in the range 100-200 nm. FTIR and XRD proved that the p-amino benzoate ion occupied the interlayer space. This material is expected to have high sun protection factor (SPF).
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2013
Layered double hydroxides intercalated with dodecylsulfate or dodecylbenzenesulfonate were synthesized by co-precipitation under alkaline conditions. After characterization by PXRD, FTIR, and TGA/ DTA, the Zn x Al/SUR compounds were reacted with neutral benzophenone, using different procedures. The products obtained from benzophenone adsolubilization were investigated by PXRD, FTIR, and DRUV-Vis spectroscopy before and after exposure to UV radiation. In general, the content of adsolubilized benzophenone was small and depended on the synthetic procedure. The best results were achieved under microwave irradiation, which furnished 9.09 wt% adsolubilized benzophenone. The products presented good adsorption in the full UV region, from UVC to UVA, and good stability to UV radiation. They did not cause skin irritation in tests conducted on rabbits, which makes them good candidates for the development of a new generation of sunscreens.
Toxicology Reports, 2018
Application of ZnO nanoparticles in sunscreens exposes human skin with their adverse effects, which correlates to dissolution/translocation of free Zn +2 ions. The possibility of decreasing solubility and therefore, reducing toxicity, by structural modifications have been discussed as a solution. The present investigation has developed new metallic lattices of ZnO to reduce cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Novel metal-promoted Zn-based nanocomposites ([Zn(O)/M], M = Mg, Al, Ca, Ti) were synthesized and their physicochemical properties and their cytotoxicity were evaluated. Solubility and release studies showed that modification of ZnO structure decreases release of Zn +2 into culture medium. XRD and UV absorbance analyses showed that metallic-dopants percolate into crystalline lattice of ZnO. This phenomenon is basic reason for stability of Zn-based network. Cell culture studies and MTT assay on human skin cells (HFF-1) exposed to UVA radiation showed that the level of protection of [Zn(O)/M] compounds were more than of [ZnO]. Dichlorofluoroscein diacetate-ROS assay and Zn +2 release experiments indicated that [Zn(O)/M] nanocomposites decreased the level of ROS generation and Zn +2 release in compared to ZnO, indicating higher safety of nanocomposites. This study shows that the synthesized Zn-based nanocomposites have potential to be used as safer and more effective sunscreens than ZnO.
Intercalations and Characterization of Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Cinnamic Acid
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Cinnamic acid (CA) is known to lose its definite function by forming into radicals that able to penetrate into the skin and lead to health issues. Incorporating CA into zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al-LDH) able to reduce photodegradation and eliminate close contact between skin and CA. Co-precipitation or direct method used by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate as starting precursors with addition of various concentration of CA. The pH were kept constant at 7 ± 0.5. Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) shows the presence of nanocomposites peak 3381 cm–1 for OH group, 1641 cm–1 for C=O group, 1543 cm–1 for C=C group and 1206 cm–1 for C–O group and disappearance of N–O peak at 1352 cm–1 indicates that cinnamic acid were intercalated in between the layered structures. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis for Zn/Al-LDH show the basal spacing of 9.0 Ǻ indicates the presence of nitrate and increases to 18.0 Ǻ...
Journal of Polymer Research, 2019
In this research work, ternary (Mg + Zn:Al; M 2+ :M 3+ = 2:1) layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated with nitrate and paminobenzoate anions were synthesized through the coprecipitation method at constant alkaline pH. These materials were characterized by several instrumental techniques and used as functional fillers in low-density polyethylene (LDPE), obtaining homogeneous nanocomposites by means of injection molding. In the samples prepared with percentages of 0.5, 2, 4, 6 and 10% by weight in relation to LDPE, maintenance or slight improvement of the mechanical properties was observed for all samples. In the LDPE nanocomposites the UV absorption showed to be higher than neat polyethylene. Weathering experiments performed with the neat LDPE and LDPE nanocomposites containing 5% of maleic anhydride and 5% of LDH intercalated with paminobenzoate demonstrated a decrease of oxidation product generated due to ultraviolet radiation absorption because the organic intercalated specie, indicating that the ternary LDH is a potential filler to protect polymers from UV radiation degradation.
Toxicology in Vitro, 2018
Different sunscreens are employed to prevent photo damage (cancer, inflammation, etc.), including ZnO. ZnO is safe when applied as micro-size particle. To overcome some visual problems of ZnO micro-size particles, this sunscreen has been introduced as nano-size particles. Unfortunately, ZnO nanoparticles have raised some health concerns, due to Zn +2 release. On the other hand, it has been shown that ZnO metallic lattice change by metal doping decreases its solubility and toxicity. Therefore, we have decided here to develop new ZnO metallic lattice to reduce its cytotoxicity. In this study, Ag +1-promoted Zn-based nanocompounds [Zn(O):Ag] were synthesized as a novel compound and were characterized. XRD analysis showed that Ag +1 ion percolates into ZnO crystalline lattice and changes its lattice properties (strength bond, vacancies, and etc.). Cell culture studies and MTT assay on human skin (HFF-1) cells exposed to UVA radiation showed that [Zn(O):Ag] was increased cells viability in the presence of UVA radiation compared to ZnO. Actually, Ag +1 ion has catalyzed photoactivity of ZnO compound. UV-blocking tests showed that UVA-absorbance of [Zn(O):Ag] has increased compared to ZnO. Dichlorofluoroscein diacetate-ROS assay and Zn +2 release experiments in the presence of cells showed that [Zn(O):Ag] has reduced Zn +2 ions release into culture medium and its toxicity. Our study shows that doped ZnO nanostructure has the potential to be applied as a safe and effective nanoparticulate sunscreen.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2015
Two anionic surfactants, dodecylsulfate (DDS) and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), were intercalated into layered zinc hydroxide salts (LHS) using the direct alkaline co-precipitation method, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). Different UV-absorbing organic molecules, like salicylates, cinnamates and benzophenones, were adsolubilized in the LHS interlayer following two different procedures (conventional microwave treatment and microwave with hydrothermal treatment). The adsolubilized products were investigated by PXRD, FTIR, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DRUV-Vis) and luminescence spectroscopies before and after exposure to UV radiation. Most of the products showed a good absorption in the UV region, from UVC to UVA, and good stability under UV radiation. The photodegradation tests showed that DDS-intercalated compounds were more stable than those intercalated with DBS. Adsolubilization in LHS can be an interesting alternative to immobilize neutral molecules with UV absorption capability, to prepare materials to be used in sunscreen formulations.
Characterization and toxicity of zinc aluminium layered double hydroxide-levodopa nanocomposite
2014
Levodopa is the drug of choice in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with no direct fatal outcome. However, peripheral metabolism and poor brain delivery when given alone is a setback of levodopa in PD management. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is an inorganic nanocomposite that harbors drug between its two layered sheets. It has sustained, continuous and slow release ability, proven to be biocompatible and less toxic in most cases than conventional drug systems. Here, an organic–inorganic nanocomposite material containing levodopa was synthesized to evaluate for a sustain release and decrease toxicity potential. The resulting nanocomposite was composed of the organic moiety, levodopa, sandwiched between Zn/Al-LDH inorganic interlayers. The basal spacing of resulting nanocomposite was 10.9 A. Estimated loading of levodopa in the nanocomposite was approximately 16% (w/w). A Fourier transform infrared study showed that the absorption bands of t...