Archaeological field documentation and architectonic analysis - a 3D approach. Ein Zippori as study case (original) (raw)
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3D Documentation for archaeology during Finnish Jabal Haroun project
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote …, 2000
The Finnish Jabal Haroun Project (FJHP) is an archaeological project focused on Jabal Haroun (Mt. Aaron) in Petra, Jordan. The Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing is creating and further developing 3-D model and database, which will be fully implemented once the project's fieldwork is completed. At the same time, various especially photogrammetric documentation methods are developed for the archaeological purposes of the project. Examples from the documentation of planar objects, creation of panoramic images and monoscopic approach to refine the existing DTM are presented here. 3-D database combines various data sources like 3-D tachymeter measurements, photogrammetry using digital camera and video imagery as well as sketches, drawings and notes done by archaeologists. Aerial photographs and GPS have been used to create the basic geographical reference for the project. In addition to the model itself, the available image data will be stored into the database, and the modelling can be later refined based on demand of various users or later needs. Due to the usually non-repeatable nature of an archaeological excavation work reliable documentation methods are essential. Photogrammetry supported with other 3-D documentation methods enables 'the modelling on the demand' concept.
The 3 Dimensions of Digitalised Archaeology. State-of-the-Art, Data Management and Current Challenges in Archaeological 3D-Documentation, Springer, Cham, 2024
Although the basics of 3D technologies developed rather early on, only today are we seeing a steep increase in the application of 3D technologies in archaeological practice. This volume aims to give a broad overview of possible applications in the field, but also to open a discussion about the challenges and problematic aspects of this method so far. Only if there is an awareness of the implications and challenges of implementing this new technology in the everyday practice of field and research archaeology can archaeology take full advantage of its possibilities. Keywords 3D technologies in archaeology • Digital archaeology • Digital archiving • Data management • Photogrammetry • 3D scanning in archaeology The application of new methods has had a lasting impact on our research questions, research setups and applied methodology-in short, they have deeply affected our understanding and practice of archaeology. Some of them have been labelled
The application of 3D digital technologies in the archaeological research expands more and more during the last decades. 3D recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction of archaeological sites, monuments and artefacts become almost a common trend in the archaeological work. Moreover, CAD reconstructions , 3D simulation, computer animation and other uses of computer systems change the traditional work-flow. The archaeological experience, though, recognizes these tools more for the general public in order to offer a visualisation of the target object than as a mechanism that can offer new possibilities for the research itself. The focus of this article is to explore the opportunities given to the research field of archaeology by 3D technologies. Specifically the article will look into technologies regarding the 3D recording, processing, visualisa-tion and representation of archaeological data. Through the use of specific case studies we will investigate how applications can contribute to the understanding first and the interpretation later on of a certain archaeological object. Issues such as the types of questions and problems that can be faced and answered with these 3D technologies will be raised and discussed. The possibility to get an expansion of the archaeological research in new aspects, as it happens with other technological tools (e.g. databases), will be also examined. In addition to these, the disadvantages and limitations of the application of these 3D technologies in the archaeological field will be also looked at, in order to accomplish a more complete view of its usage.
2015
The application of 3D digital technologies in the archaeological research expands more and more during the last decades. 3D recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction of archaeological sites, monuments and artefacts become almost a common trend in the archaeological work. Moreover, CAD reconstructions, 3D simulation, computer animation and other uses of computer systems change the traditional workflow. The archaeological experience, though, recognizes these tools more for the general public in order to offer a visualisation of the target object than as a mechanism that can offer new possibilities for the research itself. The focus of this article is to explore the opportunities given to the research field of archaeology by 3D technologies. Specifically the article will look into technologies regarding the 3D recording, processing, visualisation and representation of archaeological data. Through the use of specific case studies we will investigate how applications ca...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015
Highly accurate documentation and 3D reconstructions are fundamental for analyses and further interpretations in archaeology. In the last years the integrated digital survey (ground-based survey methods and UAV photogrammetry) has confirmed its main role in the documentation and comprehension of excavation contexts, thanks to instrumental and methodological development concerning the on site data acquisition. The specific aim of the project, reported in this paper and realized by the Laboratory of Photogrammetry of the IUAV University of Venice, is to check different acquisition systems and their effectiveness test, considering each methodology individually or integrated. This research focuses on the awareness that the integration of different survey’s methodologies can as a matter of fact increase the representative efficacy of the final representations; these are based on a wider and verified set of georeferenced metric data. Particularly the methods’ integration allows reducing or neutralizing issues related to composite and complex objects’ survey, since the most appropriate tools and techniques can be chosen considering the characteristics of each part of an archaeological site (i.e. urban structures, architectural monuments, small findings). This paper describes the experience in several sites of the municipality of Sepino (Molise, Italy), where the 3d digital acquisition of cities and structure of monuments, sometimes hard to reach, was realized using active and passive techniques (rage-based and image based methods). This acquisition was planned in order to obtain not only the basic support for interpretation analysis, but also to achieve models of the actual state of conservation of the site on which some reconstructive hypotheses can be based on. Laser scanning data were merged with Structure from Motion techniques’ clouds into the same reference system, given by a topographical and GPS survey. These 3d models are not only the final results of the metric survey, but also the starting point for the whole reconstruction of the city and its urban context, from the research point of view. This reconstruction process will concern even some areas that have not yet been excavated, where the application of procedural modelling can offer an important support to the reconstructive hypothesis.
A Proposed Low-cost System for 3D Archaeological Documentation
To meet the requirements for rapid, accurate and effective recording and documentation of archaeological excavation sites a prototype system is under development. This paper presents the first results from an easy-to-use system that utilizes photogrammetric and computer science methods, as well as tools for on-site recording, modeling and visualization of an archaeological excavation. The software-component is the main focus of our research. Its aim is multifold, such as to provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of the excavation site in a very accurate way, rapid and almost real-time recording and documentation, multiple outputs for various uses and finally to achieve all these tasks requiring minimal knowledge of Digital Photogrammetry and CAD systems, through a sophisticated and userfriendly interface, easy to be used by people, such as archaeologists that are not experts in Photogrammetry or in Information Science. Finally, in the near future it is planned to evaluate and demonstrate under real circumstances the functionality and the effectiveness of the system, so as to be performed the necessary improvements.
A 3D INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICA L EXCAVATIONS
Documentation of archaeological and cultural heritage sites is at the heart of the archaeological process and an important component in cultural heritage research, presentation and restorations. In 2012 the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage of Aosta Valley -IT (Soprintendenza per i Beni e le Attività Culturali della Region e Autonoma Valle d'Aosta) carried out a complex archaeological excavation in a composite archaeological context, situated an urban background: the Aosta city centre. This archaeological excavation has been characterized by the classical urban archaeological issues: little space, short time, complex s tratigraphy. Moreover the investigations have come out several structures and walls that required safety and conservation measures. Ad hoc 3D solutions carried out a complete 3D survey of the area in 10 different time/situations of the Archaeological digs, chosen in collaborations with the archaeological staff. In this way a multi temporal 3D description of the site has been provided for the archaeo logical analysis and for the project of the restorations activities. The 3D surveys has been carried out integrating GPS, laser scanner technology and photogrammetry. In order to meet the needs of th e site, and its complex logistics and to obtain products that guarantee the high quality and detail required for archaeological analysis, we have developed different procedures and methodologies: hdr imaging for 3D model with correct, consistent and uniform colours, noise filtering and people filtering, for the removal of interference between laser instrument and object of the survey, Advanced laser scanner triangulation, in order to consider both artificial and natural tie points, for a correct registration of a huge am ount of scans. Single image orientation on 3D data, in order to integrate the laser data with data coming from digital photogrammetry (faster on the field than the laser scanner survey, than used in certain situations) The results of all these methodologies and procedures will be presented and described in the article. For the documentation of the archaeological excavations and for the management of the conservation activities (condition assessmen t, planning, and conservation work). Ad Hoc 3D solutions has costumized 2 special plug-ins of its own software platform Ad Hoc: A d Hoc Archaeology and Ad Hoc Conservation. The software platform integrates a 3D database management system. All information (measurements, plotting, areas of interests…) a re organized according to their correct 3D position. They can be queried using attributes, geometric characteristics or their spatial pos ition. The Ad Hoc Archaeology plug-in allows archeologists to fill out UUSS sheets in an internal database, put them in the correct locatio n within the 3D model of the site, define the mutual relations between the UUSS, divide the different archaeological phases. A simple interface will facilitate the construction of the stratigraphic chart (matrix), in a 3D environment as well (matrix 3D). The Ad Hoc Conservation plug-in permits conservators and restorers to create relationships between the different approaches and des criptions of the same parts of the monument, i.e.: between stratigraphyc units or historical phases and architectural components and/o r decay pathologies. The 3D DBMS conservation module uses a codified terminology based on "ICOMOS illustrated glossary of ston e deterioration" and other glossary. Specific tools permits restorers to compute correctly surfaces and volumes. In this way decay ext ension and intensity can be measured with high precision and with an high level of detail, for a correct time and costs estimation of e ach conservation step.
3D GIS in archaeological excavations: linking documentation with analytic and synthetic workfows
Evangelidis, V., Tsiafaki, D., Mourthos, Y., & Karta, M. (eds). Mapping the Past, Plotting the Future: GIS in Archaeology, Maturity and Implementation. Proceedings of the workshop organised by the AeGIS Athena Lab, at the British School at Athens, Thursday 30 March 2023. Journal of Greek Archaeol..., 2024