Sex differences in creatine kinase after acute heavy resistance exercise on circulating granulocyte estradiol receptors (original) (raw)
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Changes in Hormonal Concentrations after Different Heavy-Resistance Exercise Protocols in Women
1993
centrations have not been observed (14, 22, 41), suggest-ZIRIS, AND N. TRAVIS TuipLr='r. Changes in hormonal concen-ing that other anabolic hormones (e.g., growth hormone trations after different heavy-resistance exercise protocols in andgrowth factors) may play greater roles in the anabowomen. J. Appl. Physiol. 75(2): 594-604, 1993.-Nine eumenorrheic women (age 24.11 t 4.28 yr) performed each of six ran-lic adaptational mechanisms related to muscle and condomly assigned heavy-resistance protocols (HREPs) on sepa-nective tissue growth with resistance training (2, 16, 19, rate days during the early follicular phase of the menstrual 22). The exact mechanisms involved in such tissue recycle. The HREPs consisted of two series [series I (strength, S) modeling remain to be elucidated, as do the neuroendoand zeries 2 (hypertrophy, H)l of three protocols, each using crine mechanisms that might help mediate such tissue 0 4 .0
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1997
It has been hypothesized that exercise-related hypo-estrogenemia occurs as a consequence of increased competition of catecholestrogens (CE) for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This may result in higher norepinephrine (NE) concentrations, which could interfere with normal gonadotropin pulsatility. The present study investigates the effects of training on CE responses to acute exercise stress. Nine untrained eumenorrheic women (mean percentage of body fat +/-SD: 24.8 +/- 3.1%) volunteered for an intensive 5-day training program. Resting, submaximal, and maximal (tmax) exercise plasma CE, estrogen, and catecholamine responses were determined pre- and post training in both the follicular (FPh) and luteal phase (LPh). Acute exercise stress increased total primary estrogens (E) but had little effect on total 2-hydroxyestrogens (2-OHE) and 2-hydroxyestrogen-monomethylethers (2-MeOE) (= O-methylated CE after competition for catechol-O-methyltransferase). This pattern was not significantly changed by training. However, posttraining LPh mean (+/-SE) plasma E, 2-OHE, and 2-MeOE concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) at each exercise intensity (for 2-OHE: 332 +/- 47 vs. 422 +/- 57 pg/mL at tmax; for 2-MeOE: 317 +/- 26 vs. 354 +/- 34 pg/mL at tmax). Training produced opposite effects on 2-OHE:E ratios (an estimation of CE formation) during acute exercise in the FPh (reduction) and LPh (increase). The 2-MeOE:2-OHE ratio (an estimation of CE activity) showed significantly higher values at tmax in both menstrual phases after training (FPh: +11%; LPh: +23%; P < 0.05). After training, NE values were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The major findings of this study were that: training lowers absolute concentrations of plasma estrogens and CE; the acute exercise challenge altered plasma estrogens but had little effect on CE; estimation of the formation and activity of CE suggests that formation and O-methylation of CE proportionately increases. These findings may be of importance for NE-mediated effects on gonadotropin release.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the menstrual cycle and its underlying hormonal fluctuations affect muscle damage and inflammation in well-trained females following an eccentric exercise. Nineteen eumenorrheic women performed an eccentric squat-based exercise in the early follicular phase, late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Sex hormones and blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation –creatine kinase, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor-α, and C reactive protein– were analyzed in each phase. No effect of menstrual cycle phase was observed (p > 0.05), while an interaction for interleukin-6 was shown (p = 0.047). Accordingly, a moderate effect size [0.68 (0.53)–0.84 (0.74)], indicated that interleukin-6 values 2 h post-trial (2.07 ± 1.26 pg/mL) were likely to be higher than baseline (1.59 ± 0.33 pg/mL), 24 h (1.50 ± 0.01 pg/mL) and 48 h (1.54 ± 0.13 pg/mL) in the mid-luteal phase. Blood markers...
Acute Hormonal Responses to Heavy Resistance Exercise in Strength Athletes Versus Nonathletes
Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute responses of several hormones [total and free testosterone (TT and FT, respectively), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (C), growth hormone (GH), and insulin (INS)] to a single bout of heavy resistance exercise (HRE). Eight younger [30-year (30y) group] and nine older [62-year (62y) group] men matched for general physical characteristics and activity levels performed four sets of ten repetitions maximum (RM) squats with 90 s rest between sets. Blood samples were obtained from each subject via an indwelling cannula with a saline lock pre-exercise, immediately postexercise (IP), and 5, 15 and 30 min post-exercise. Levels of TT, FT, ACTH, C and lactate signi®cantly increased after HRE for both groups. Pre-HRE pairwise dierences between groups were noted only for FT, while post-HRE pairwise dierences were found for TT, FT, GH, glucose and lactate. Area under the curve analysis showed that the 30y group had a signi®cantly higher magnitude of increase over the entire recovery period (IP, 5, 15, and 30 min post-exercise) for TT, FT, ACTH and GH. Few changes occurred in the INS response with the only change being that the 62y group demonstrated a decrease IP. Lactate remained elevated at 30 min post-HRE. This investigation demonstrates that age-related dierences occur in the endocrine response to HRE, and the most striking changes appear evident in the FT response to HRE in physically active young and older men.
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Hormonal responses following eccentric exercise in humans
oBJECTIvE: mechanically overloaded muscle and its subsequent damage are strong stimuli for eliciting acute hormonal changes, while the muscle adaptation which occurs following exercise-induced muscle damage may involve complex hormonal responses before the completion of muscle regeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate systemic responses of various hormones, as well as secreted proteins that are exercise-regulated and associated with muscle adaptation, for several days after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. DEsIgn: nine young male volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions using the knee extensor muscles of both legs. Blood samples were drawn before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post exercise and serum levels of growth hormone (gh), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IgfBP-3), cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (Tsh), free thyroxine (fT4), irisin, follistatin and sclerostin were measured. myoglobin (mb) concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDh) activity were also evaluated as indirect markers of muscle damage. REsuLTs: significant alterations in mb and LDh were observed over time after eccentric exercise (p=0.039-0.001). A late serum increase in fT4 and decrease in irisin levels, along with an early and persistent decrease in IgfBP-3 levels, were observed following the muscle-damaging exercise (p=0.049-0.016). gh, cortisol, prolactin, Tsh, follistatin and sclerostin exhibited moderate changes during the recovery period after exercise, though without reaching statistical significance (p>0.05), while correlational analyses revealed significant associations between gh and IgfBP-3, prolactin and sclerostin over time (p=0.049-0.001). ConCLusIons: The significant hormonal responses observed in this study may indicate their involvement in the regenerative mechanisms following muscle damage, potentially as part of a regulatory network to support a normal adaptation process after muscle-damaging exercise.
Changes In Hormonal Response Caused By Different Types Of Physical Exercise
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
The regular practice of physical exercises brings benefits to health, as long as it is done correctly. Therefore, it is essential to know the type of activity practiced and its relationship with the individual's organism, especially regarding the endocrine response. The objective of this study was to investigate the main hormonal axes that act in physical exercises and to understand their different responses according to the type of activity. A literature search was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, and VHL databases with the combinations "exercise AND hormones", "sports AND endocrine", "endocrine regulation AND exercise", and "endocrine regulation". After analysis, seven studies were selected for the development of this paper. The physical exercises were divided into two modalities - strength and endurance - which vary according to the homeostatic change imposed on the body. The responses were analyzed according to the acting hormonal ax...