The impoverishing pandemic: The impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis in Southern Africa on development (original) (raw)

Uploaded (2013) | Journal: From Disaster to Development: HIV and AIDS in …

Sign up for access to the world's latest research

checkGet notified about relevant papers

checkSave papers to use in your research

checkJoin the discussion with peers

checkTrack your impact

Abstract

sparkles

AI

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has profoundly affected Southern Africa, which hosts over a third of the global population living with the disease. With the highest HIV prevalence rates and millions of orphans due to AIDS, the region faces significant developmental challenges. This paper discusses the economic impact, estimated GDP losses attributable to HIV/AIDS, and the varied governmental responses required to cope with this unprecedented health crisis.

Southern Africa: the Highest Priority Region for HIV Prevention and Care Interventions

Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2015

The global HIV pandemic began to expand rapidly in southern Africa a decade later than was noted in central Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and North America. Multiple factors played a role in this rapid expansion which led Southern Africa to become the most heavily afflicted region for HIV/AIDS globally. In this issue of Current HIV/AIDS Reports, investigators with active research interests in the region have reviewed key elements of the causes of and responses to the epidemic. Putative causes of the high HIV prevalence in the region are discussed, including host and viral biology, human behavior, politics and policy, structural factors, health services, health workforce, migration, traditional healers' role, and other issues. Regional epidemiological trends are described and forecasted. Issues related to the continuum of HIV care and treatment are highlighted. We hope that the reviews will prove useful to those policymakers, health care workers, and scientists who are striving to reduce the burden of HIV in the southern African region, as well as prove insightful for key issues of broader global relevance. Keywords HIV; southern Africa; prevention; care; antiretroviral therapy; prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; health systems strengthening; traditional healers; program scale-up; transmission; sexually transmitted diseases; inflammation Work from Kwazulu-Natal published in 2011 described age-stratified trends in HIV prevalence for pregnant women in antenatal care [1]. The numbers rose with time such that nearly two-thirds of the women ages 25-29 in 2004 were infected with HIV [Table]. Tuberculosis was similarly on the rise largely due to the concurrent HIV epidemic. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria all highlight southern Africa as the region with highest priority for interventions.

Ending AIDS: trends in the incidence of HIV in eastern and southern Africa

2018

While great progress has been made in the control and management of the HIV epidemic there is still much to be done. Using trends in the rate of new HIV infections in eastern and southern Africa we assess the current state of the epidemic and evaluate the future prospects for controlling it. If we let an incidence of 1 per 1,000 people represent a control threshold then this has been reached, or will probably be reached by 2020, in eastern Africa and is reachable by 2020 in those southern African countries that do not have particularly strong social and economic ties to South Africa if they continue to scale up their treatment programmes. In South Africa and its immediate neighbours Lesotho, Mozambique and Swaziland, the prospects are less certain. These countries are unlikely to reach the control threshold by 2020 but with sufficient political will and commitment to ‘treatment for all’ could do so by 2030.There are two important caveats. First, reaching the control threshold still ...

HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

Croatian medical journal, 2004

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most severely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Of the 40 million HIV infected individuals at the end of 2003, 26 million (65%) were living in the area. Reasons for the high infection rate include historical, political, economic, and cultural factors. The diversity of populations, combined with destitution, political and economic instability and hunger, has led to a number of strategies for combating the disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. These include voluntary counseling and testing, community involvement, facilitating behavior modifications, which include consistent and correct use of condoms, reduction in the number of sexual partners, increasing antiretroviral availability, and the involvement of non-governmental organizations in prevention, treatment, care, and support of the infected population. While Uganda has accomplished significant success through these mechanisms, other countries have not yet been able to control the disease. The population...

HIV/AIDS situation in Africa

International dental journal, 2004

The HIV/AIDS pandemic marks a severe development crisis in Africa, which remains by far the worst affected region in the world. Forty-two million people now live with HIV/AIDS of which 29.4 million (70.0%) are from sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 5 million new infections occurred in 2002 and 3.5 million (70.0%) of these were also from sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated number of children orphaned by AIDS living in the region is 11 million. In 2002, the epidemic claimed about 2.4 million lives in Africa, more than 70% of the 3.1 million deaths worldwide. Average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa is now 47 years, when it would have been 62 years without AIDS. HIV/AIDS stigma is still a major problem despite the extensive spread of the epidemic. A complex interaction of material, social, cultural and behavioural factors shape the nature, process and outcome of the epidemic in Africa. However, too many partners and unprotected sex appear to be at the core of the problem, Even if ex...

Children and young women in eastern and southern Africa are key to meeting 2030 HIV targets: time to accelerate action

Lancet HIV, 2023

New HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths among children and adolescent girls and young women (aged 15-24 years) in eastern and southern Africa continue to occur at unacceptably high rates. The COVID-19 pandemic has also severely undermined ongoing initiatives for HIV prevention and treatment, threatening to set the region back further in its efforts to end AIDS by 2030. Major impediments exist to attaining the UNAIDS 2025 targets among children, adolescent girls, young women, young mothers living with HIV, and young female sex workers residing in eastern and southern Africa. Each population has specific but overlapping needs with regard to diagnosis and linkage to and retention in care. Urgent action is needed to intensify and improve programmes for HIV prevention and treatment, including sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent girls and young women, HIV-positive young mothers, and young female sex workers.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (14)

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Malaria: geographic distribution. http:// www.cdc.gov/malaria/distribution\_epi/distribution.htm
  2. De Klerk, M., Vogel, C., De Swardt, C. & Kirsten, J. 2004. Food security in South Africa: key policy issues for the medium term. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council Dorrington, R., Bourne, D., Bradshaw, D., Laubscher, R. & Timaeus, I.M. 2001. The impact of HIV/ AIDS on adult mortality in South Africa. Cape Town: Medical Research Council Economic Commission on Africa -2004. http://www.uneca.org/adf2000/daily\_updates/ speeches_and_press_releases/120700stat...
  3. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). 2004. Southern Africa food security brief. Pretoria: Chemonics International, Inc. 15 August
  4. Giese S., Meintjes, H., Croke, R. & Chamberlain, R. 2003. Health and social services to address the needs of orphans and other vulnerable children in the context of HIV/AIDS. Cape Town: Children's Institute, University of Cape Town
  5. Haney, D. Q. 2000. AIDS expected to cut life expectancy to 30. Durban: Associated Press, 10 July Hosken, G., Michaels, J. & SAPA-AFP. 2004. Number of murders lowest in ten years. Johannesburg: The Star, 21 September International Labour Organisation. 2004. Economic security for a better world. Geneva: International Labour Office, ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work International Labour Organisation. 2004. HIV/AIDS and work: global estimates, impact and response. Geneva: International Labour Office, ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work Irin News. 2003. DRC-Zambia: refugees flee fighting. Lusaka: Irinnews, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 7 November. http://www.irinnews.org/ print.asp?ReportID=37733 Irin News. 11 March 2004. DRC: interview with Christin Linner, UNHCR Senior Coordinator for Refugee Children. Kinshasa: Irinnews. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. http://www.plusnews.org/print.asp?ReportID=39983
  6. Jayamaha, D. 4 July 2002. U.N. says HIV/AIDS spreading rapidly. New York: Associated Press, July. http://www.firstcoastnews.com/health/asrticles/2002-07-04/hiv\_spreading.asp
  7. Kahn, T. 2004. Government turning away AIDS patients. Johannesburg: Business Day, 14 September MacLennan, B. 2004. TAC takes health department to court, again. Johannesburg: Mail & Guardian, 13 September
  8. Mzolo, S. 2004. Zimbabwe's inflation hits new high. Johannesburg: Mail & Guardian, 13 February Ndlovu, M. 2004. Zimbabwe in March 2004: four years from the beginning of the plunge. Pambazuka News 146, 4 March Organisation of African Unity. 2001. Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other related infectious diseases. 26-27 April. Abuja: OAU and African Development Forum 2000. http://www.uneca.org/adf2000/Abuja%20Declaration.htm Policy Co-ordination & Advisory Services. 2003. Towards a ten year review: synthesis report on implementation of government programmes. Discussion document, October. South Africa: Office of the Presidency The Policy Project. 2003. Moments in time: HIV/AIDS advocacy stories. Cape Town: The Futures Group. http://www.policyproject.com/stories/MomentsSection5.pdf
  9. Sachs, J. D., chair, and members of the Commission on Macroeconomic and Health. December 2001. Macroeconomics and health: investing in health for economic development. Geneva: World Health Organization
  10. Sanchez, A., Ksiazek, T.G., Rollin, P.E., Peters, C.J., Nichol, S.T., Khan, A.S. & Mahy, B.W.J. 1995. Reemergence of ebola virus in Africa. In EID Vol. 1, No. 3, July-September. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol1no3/sanchez.htm Sapa/Agence France Presse (AFP). 2004. Zambia to manufacture cheap Aids drugs. Johannesburg: Mail & Guardian, 4 September
  11. Steinberg, M., Johnson, S., Schierhout, G. & Ndegwa, D. 2002. Hitting home -how households cope with the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a survey of households affected by HIV/AIDS in South Africa. October 2002. Pretoria: Health Systems Trust and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Stewart, R., Padarath, A. & Bamford, L. 2004. Providing antiretroviral treatment in Southern Africa. Durban: Health Systems Trust TB on the rise due to HIV. Johannesburg: The Star, 25 March 2004
  12. Templeton, A. 2004. TAC lauds move on AIDS drugs. Johannesburg: This Day, 25 March Thurow, R. 2003. Once a breadbasket, Zimbabwe today can't feed itself: politics, drought, AIDS bring a severe food shortage; aid is coming up short. New York: Wall Street Journal, 24 December United Nations. 2004. Facing the future together: report of the Secretary General's task force on women, girls and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. New York: United Nations and UNAIDS United Nations. 2001. Declaration of commitment on HIV/AIDS: global crisis -global action. New York: United Nations 25-27 June http://www.un.org/ga/aids/coverage/ FinalDeclarationHIVAIDS.html UNAIDS. August 2002. Human resources and sustainable development. Geneva and Pretoria: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
  13. UNAIDS. 2004. 2004 report on the global AIDS pandemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
  14. UNDP. 2004. Human development report 2004: cultural liberty in today's diverse world. New York: United Nations Development Programme UNFPA. 2004. The state of the world population 2004. 84. New York: United Nations Population Fund Van Aardt, C. 2004. A projection of the South African population 2001 to 2021. Pretoria: Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa (Unisa)

HIV/AIDS and its Impact on Africa

Globalisation affects all facets of human life, including health and well being. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has highlighted the global nature of human health and welfare and globalisation has given rise to a trend toward finding common solutions to global health challenges. Numerous international funds have been set up in recent times to address global health challenges such as HIV.

HIV and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Future goals for Protecting the Children in Sub-Sahara Africa

Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 2014

The onerous task of protecting orphans in Africa requires a multifarious effort aimed not only at infusion of public, private or international funding into the care and treatment of HIV/AIDS but also the building of economic and legal systems that integrates social and cultural representation and identity of the people such as those that energize the primary base and involve these vulnerable victims of HIV/AIDS. Goals and objectives of governments and institutions working in this field of health should be a collaborative effort towards an effective coordination of work strategically designed for children in partnership with mental health, social, medical and legal personnel. It is my opinion that this will promote easy access to all available resources especially in countries such as Nigeria, Uganda and South Africa where HIV/AIDS is very endemic. In order to prevent abuse and improve access to health care, ethical and legal issues, much attention should be paid to the underlying so...

Sizonqoba! Outliving AIDS in Southern Africa

HIV has visited upon the world a huge tragedy; but ironically it has also inspired human triumph. Millions have succumbed to it and yet it has driven the world towards a better health care system for all. Ultimately, HIV has helped reaffirm our humanity, in what we say, how we serve, in how we love and care for our affected fellow human beings. This phenomenon of being concerned and caring has been enflamed by the dedicated service of health workers, researchers, activists, policymakers and social movements without whom the HIV narrative would be incomplete. In this edition, Busani Ngcaweni brings together an impressive list of people who have been at the forefront of this 35-year struggle. It is a timely, yet overdue, resource which will prove invaluable to students, health workers, academics and policymakers for many years to come. -Cyril Ramaphosa Deputy President of South Africa and Chair of the South African National AIDS Council This important book reminds us of the tragedy of HIV in South Africa, the struggles and successes in saving countless lives, and the vision that our goal to reach epidemic control is closer than ever. The United States is proud to be a global leader in response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Standing shoulder to shoulder with the South African government, civil society, and UNAIDS, the United States has contributed significantly to South Africa’s enormous achievements, including developing the largest HIV treatment program in the world. The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has invested over 5 billion dollars (70 billion rand) in South Africa since 2004. New innovations to provide treatment to all people living with HIV and to prevent new infections for adolescent girls and young women demonstrate South Africa’s continued exceptional leadership and commitment. The United States will continue to stand together with the people of South Africa in our efforts to achieve an AIDS-free generation. -Patrick Gaspard, United States Ambassador to South Africa (2013 – 2016)

A Review of the Efforts Made by Several African Countries to Reach UNAIDS Targets and the Effects of the Covid-19 on People Living with HIV

Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics

Even though COVID-19 has spread faster than any other health problem in the last 100 years, it is not the first pandemic that the modern world has had to deal with. As countries try to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, which is getting worse and worse, they are already using what they have learnt and invested in while dealing with HIV by putting systems to use, and figuring out what dynamic changes are needed to build a new way forward towards health systems that are optimally effective, accountable, inclusive, fair, and well-resourced, with services that are accessible, integrated, tailored, and people-centred. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lot of terrible effects on people, communities, and societies all over the world. People with long-term health problems may be more likely to get COVID-19 or have complications from it. People who get the virus can get sick or die, and the physical distance needed to flatten the curve of new cases is hurting the economy. This hurts the economy ...