Communication Models for Third Party Load Frequency Control (original) (raw)
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Impact of Signal Delay Uncertainties in Open Communication Networks on Load Frequency Control
The need of developing a widely distributed and well interconnected communication system for managing competitive markets for ancillary services, such as load following and frequency control, has brought to light new issues related to the reliability, and sometimes to the security, of power systems. Signal delays, in such a communication system, are becoming almost physiological. The delivery time of a signal packet a generator receives from the center may become uncertain due to these delays. We intend to show how anomalous signals may impact frequency response and to propose some changes to improve the system performance.
Load-frequency control service in a deregulated environment
Decision Support Systems, 1999
In a deregulated environment, independent generators and utility generators may or may not participate in the load-frequency control of the system. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of such a system, a flexible method has been developed and implemented. The method ...
IJRASET, 2021
Load Frequency Control is one of the most essential frequency management technologies in modern power systems (LFC). When employing LFC over a vast region, communication latency is unavoidable. A delay might not only affect system performance but also cause system instability. An alternate design strategy for constructing delay compensators for LFC in one or more control areas utilising an AFPI controller and ANFIS is proposed in this paper. For one-area LFC, a sufficient and required condition for designing a delay compensator is described. It is demonstrated that for multi-area LFC with Area Control Errors (ACEs), each control area can have its own delay controller designed as if it were a one-area system if the index of coupling among the areas is less than the small gain theorem's threshold value. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated by simulation experiments on LFCs with communication delays in one and multiple interconnected areas with and without time variable delays.
On Market-based Robust Load-frequency Control
2005
In a deregulated environment, Load-frequency control (LFC), as an ancillary service essential for maintaining the system reliability, acquires a fundamental role to enable power exchanges and to provide better conditions for the electricity trading. Since the LFC system is faced by new uncertainties in the liberalized electricity market, a reevaluation in traditional modeling and control structures is highly needed. In response to the coming challenge of integrating computation, communication and control into appropriate levels of system operation and control, a comprehensive scenario is proposed to perform the LFC task in a deregulated environment. As a part of the mentioned scenario, this paper addresses a new method to design of robust LFC with considering the communication delays. First the LFC problem is reduced to a static output feedback control synthesis for a multiple delays power system, and then the control parameters are easily carried out via a mixed ∞ /H H 2 control technique, using a developed iterative linear matrix inequalities (ILMI) algorithm. The proposed method is applied to a 3-control area power system and the results are compared with the recently developed ∞ H-based LFC designs.
Impact of realistic communications for fast-acting demand side management
CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017
The rising penetration of intermittent energy resources is increasing the need for more diverse electrical energy resources that are able to support ancillary services. Demand side management (DSM) has a significant potential to fulfil this role but several challenges are still impeding the wide-scale integration of DSM. One of the major challenges is ensuring the performance of the networks that enable communications between control centres and the end DSM resources. This paper presents an analysis of all communications networks that typically participate in the activation of DSM, and provides an estimate for the overall latency that these networks incur. The most significant sources of delay from each of the components of the communications network are identified which allows the most critical aspects to be determined. This analysis therefore offers a detailed evaluation of the performance of DSM resources in the scope of providing real-time ancillary services. It is shown that, using available communications technologies, DSM can be used to provide primary frequency support services. In some cases, Neighbourhood Area Networks (NANs) may add significant delay, requiring careful choice of the technologies deployed.
2019
This research paper focuses on load frequency control and reduction of unscheduled interchange charges in ABT metering. Program is developed for algorithm of load frequency control using client server communication. Use of GSM and mobile computing allows easy communication among utilities and from utility to consumer Developed algorithm is implemented on actual data of the power system. An Android based emulator and Java based server program to simulate the algorithm for load prioritization using Client-Server communication architecture is developed. It is implemented on three different feeders and third component of Availability Based Tariff i.e. UI charges are calculated after and before implementation of algorithm. We can observe actual saving of penalty paid by state utility to central utility in INR.
Decentralized Demand-Side Contribution to Primary Frequency Control
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2011
Frequency in large power systems is usually controlled by adjusting the production of generating units in response to changes in the load. As the amount of intermittent renewable generation increases and the proportion of flexible conventional generating units decreases, a contribution from the demand side to primary frequency control becomes technically and economically desirable. One of the reasons why this has not been done was the perceived difficulties in dealing with many small loads rather than a limited number of generating units. In particular, the cost and complexity associated with two-way communications between many loads and the control center appeared to be insurmountable obstacles. This paper argues that this two-way communication is not essential and that the demand can respond to the frequency error in a manner similar to the generators. Simulation results show that, using this approach, the demand side can make a significant and reliable contribution to primary frequency response while preserving the benefits that consumers derive from their supply of electric energy.
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
AIn this paper, impact of communication delay on distributed load frequency control (dis-LFC) of multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS) is investigated. Load frequency control (LFC), as one of ancillary services, is aimed at maintaining system frequency and inter-area tie-line power close to the scheduled values, by load reference set-point manipulation and consideration of the system constraints. Centralized LFC (cen-LFC) requires inherent communication bandwidth limitations, stability and computational complexity, as such, it is not a good technique for the control of large-scale and geographically wide power systems. To decrease the system dimensionality and increase performance efficiency, distributed and decentralized control techniques are adopted. In distributed LFC (dis-LFC) of MAIPS, each control area (CA) is equipped with a local controller and are made to exchange their control actions by communication with controllers in the neighboring areas. The delay in this c...