Political, securitarian and infrastructural state-building (original) (raw)
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In 1648, after five years of negotiations, led by the French diplomat Abel Servien on the instructions of Cardinal Mazarin, the “Peace of Westphalia” was signed, putting an end to the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Long before the UN Charter, 1648 made national sovereignty, mutual respect and the principle of non-interference the foundations of international law. The Republic of the Netherlands and the Helvetian Confederation were recognized and numerous bilateral peace treaties put an end to many conflicts.
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How important were the Treaties of Westphalia to the development of the modern international system?
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Speakers and scholars alike often invoke the name of Westphalia as an assumed turning point in international relations and political structure. David Broucher says that the Peace of Westphalia "provided the foundation for, and gave formal recognition to, the modern state 1
During the era of signing the Treaty of Westphalia, sovereignty was a sacrosanct notion that had to be safeguarded at the cost of anything. The possibility of compromising with state‟s sovereignty was something that could never be imagined. But such idea has become obsolete in present days when statesmen are more concerned for ensuring, security, economic and other interests of their people, even if they have to compromise with sovereignty. In such circumstances, the state system which allows the rulers to act arbitrarily on the pretext of sovereignty is shifting to the system of states where other entities in addition to the state are similarly decisive and the supremacy of the governments is curbed in certain degree. This paper attempts to explicate the reasons for the transformation of this system for the purpose of outlining necessary policies.
THE CONCEPT OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY FROM THE 1648 TREATY OF WESTPHALIA TO THE PRESENT DAY
public international law, I648 Treaty of Westphalia, International labor organization 1919, 1945 UN Charter and Human Rights, The Friendly Relations Declarations, 1970, Modern doctrine, Collectivity or Collective or Pooled Sovereignty, Divisibility of sovereignty, Earned sovereignty, Constrained sovereignty, Phased sovereignty, Contingency of sovereignty.
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This article explores the structure of world order from the perspective of the Treaty of Westphalia, which is treated as the benchmark for the emergence of the modern system of sovereign states. Emphasis is placed on Westphalia as historical event, idea and ideal, and process of evolution, and also on developments that supersede this framing of world politics, especially, globalization and the megaterrorist challenge of September 11, 2001. At issue is whether the state system is resilient enough to adapt to new global conditions or is in the process of being supplanted, and whether the sequel to Westphalia is moving toward humane global governance or some dysutopic variant, or both at once.