Concentration of heavy metals in the water and fish tissues of the river ravi, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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2022
The present work was designed to evaluate the Contamination of heavy metals in water is regarded as global crises with a large share in developing countries like Pakistan. In present study, health risk consequences of composition of heavy metal contaminated water and fish collected at Head Balloki (River Ravi) were evaluated. 3 samples of water were collected at six different sights of Head Balloki for each Pre and Post Monsoon. Fish samples were collected at some six sights and their gills, liver were removed for heavy metal analysis. This study reported that the Concentration of chromium Cr was found higher than the Nickel Ni in water Cr > Ni. On the other hand, in fish organ of Labeo rohita the concentration of Chromium Cr was higher than the Ni in Gills Cr > Ni and the concentration of Ni was higher than the chromium Cr in Liver Ni > Cr. All the samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of two heavy metals (Cr, Ni) using Spectrophotometer techniques. The data...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
The untreated industrial and sewage wastes arising from industries and metropolitan activities make their passage to the River Ravi, Pakistan, where Balloki Headworks is one of the major sites of effluent concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the concentration of various toxic elements in fishes of that area compared to a nearby fish farm. The concentrations of heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn, and electrolytes Ca, K, and Na were determined in different edible and non-edible fresh water fish varieties. Fish samples were collected from two selected sites and were analyzed for aforementioned elements. Higher levels of As (35.74–45.33 ppm), Cd (0.35–0.45 ppm), Pb (2.1–3.0 ppm), Hg (83.03–92.35 ppm) while normal levels of Zn (37.85–40.74 ppm) and Cu (1.39–2.93 ppm) were observed. Mercury, higher levels of which trigger cough, impairment of pulmonary function, and psychotic reactions, was significantly higher in all studied categories. At the sites under study, there has been observed alarming levels of toxic metals which are needed to be monitored regularly.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Fish Collected from the River Ravi, Pakistan
The toxicity of heavy metals viz. aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in fish at three main public fishing sites of the river Ravi viz. Shahdara bridge, Baloki headworks and Sidhnai barrage has been studied from June, 2009 to May, 2010. The concentrations of heavy metals in the body organs (gills, liver, kidney, intestine, reproductive organs, skin, muscle, fins, scales, bones, fats) of three fish species viz. Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala were determined. The present results reveal that the toxicity of metals fluctuated significantly in fish at all the three sampling stations with season. The fish samples collected from all the three sampling stations had significantly higher aluminium and zinc. However, the fish at Sidhnai barrage showed significantly lower metallic toxicity, followed by that at Baloki headworks and Shahdara bridge. Significantly higher metals were observed in fish liver, followed by that of kidney, ...
Water, sediments and freshwater fishes (Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, Glyptothorax punjabensis) were collected from three rivers namely Jindi, Khyali (Swat) and Kabul river in District Charsadda Khyber Pakthtunhwa Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for the concentrations of seven heavy metals i.e. cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, antimony and zinc. The metal concentration data in fishes was used to evaluate health risks for the people of Charsadda. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of dietary intake, target hazard quotients (THQs), hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk(TR). The other metals concentrations in water samples were higher than the WHO permissible limits except copper and Zn. The THQ values for all the metals were calculated to be below 1 except for Cu and Sb. This suggested that there is no significant health hazards if a single metal from one species of fish is ingested. The target cancer risk for Ni in case three fish species was calculated to be higher than the accepted risk level. To both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic consequences the inhabitants of the area may be exposed if they consume contaminated fishes. Also there is dire need of monitoring the metal level in the fishes in this area.
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Contamination of freshwater bodies and consequently freshwater fish with toxic heavy metals is a serious environmental issue. The trophic transfer of potentially toxic heavy metals in the human food chains, especially in fish has important implications for human health. The present research study was designed to assess the concentrations of the heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the water, sediments, and different freshwater fish species of River Kabul, Pakistan. The heavy metals were quantified in the samples with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Heavy metal contamination in fish muscles was characterized in terms of metal pollution index and biota-sediments accumulation factor, while human health risk was assessed through calculation of estimated weekly intake. The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in muscle samples of the analyzed fish species at different sampling sites of the river ranged from 12.3 to 33.0, 33.2 to 109.2, 0.98 to 1.5, and 13.9 to 29.6 mg kg ¡1 wet weight, respectively. Based on the current study data, consumption of the analyzed freshwater fish species from River Kabul was generally safe in terms of potential risk from Cd and Pb but the observed Ni accumulation may pose a potential health risk to regular/excessive fish consumers.
Continental Journal of Environmental …, 2012
The levels of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were determined in water, plankton, and fish (Liza aurata) collected from 5 sites in Lake Manzala. Metals in the water and fish exhibited a significant seasonal and regional variation, in which all metals attained their maximum value during summer, while the lowest levels were found during winter. The concentration of different metals in water, plankton, and fish tissues followed the same order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The mean concentrations of metals in the water were as follow: Cu, 0.055; Zn, 0.311; Cd, 0.020; and Pb, 0.022 mg/L. The Cd level in the water was found to be higher than the permissible limit recommended for drinking water. Metals in plankton were much higher than those of water and fish. Gills of the examined fish contained the highest concentration of all of the measured metals, while muscles retained the lowest. In spite of the contamination of Lake Manzala by heavy metals, the level of the metals in fish muscle (the edible part) did not exceed the recommended permissible limit and the fish is considered safe for human consumption.
Biological Trace Element Research, 2011
Concentration of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu)) was determined in the liver, gills, kidneys, and muscles of eight edible fish species (Channa punctata, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo rohita, Heteropneustes fossilis, Mystus cavasius, Oreochromis niloticus, Puntius sophore, and Wallago attu) from upstream and downstream zones of the Nullah Aik and Palkhu tributaries of the River Chenab located in the Sialkot district known for its tanning industries worldwide. The pattern of metal accumulation in studied organs was in the order: Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd. Liver showed greater metal accumulation, followed by gills, kidneys, and muscles. Accumulation of Pb and Cr was significantly different in organs between upstream and downstream zones. Accumulation was greater in fish species dwelling downstream, indicating impairment of ambient stream water due to untreated discharge of industrial and municipal effluents into studied streams. Highest concentration of Pb and Cr and lowest of Cd was detected in H. fossilis whereas Cu showed higher concentration and Cr lowest concentration in P. sophore. In contrast, lower concentration of Pb and Cu was recorded in M. cavasius, O. niloticus, and W. attu. Mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Cu were higher in pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon season. Measured concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in muscles of species such as C. punctata, W. attu, L. rohita, P. sophore, and O. niloticus were above permissible limits of heavy metals for human consumption, indicating potential health risks. Therefore, these fish species from studied locations should be avoided for human diet.
2013
The river Ravi has been one of the major recipients of industrial effluents and domestic sewage in Punjab. In this study concentrations of heavy metals, such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni were determined in riverine water, sediment and muscle of three fish species, Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla procured from river Ravi at Balloki. The data obtained after water analysis reflected the order of occurrence of heavy metals to be Fe> Zn >Cu > Cr >Ni. The analysis of heavy metals in sediment indicated that among the five heavy metals tested; Fe was maximally accumulated followed by Zn, Cr, Cu and Ni. The trend of heavy metals accumulation in fish muscles was found to be similar to that observed in sediment and water such as Fe> Zn >Cu > Cr >Ni. Data indicated that Fe accumulated maximally in the sediment as well as muscles of the three fish species in comparison to other metals. In water Fe and Cr but in sediment Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni concentrations were significa...
Toxicology Reports, 2019
This paper assesses the potential human health risks posed by five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) found in seven most consumable fish species (Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrhinus reba, Catla catla, Lebio rohita, Crossocheilus latius, Clupisoma garua, and Mystus tengara) collected from local markets of Varanasi, Allahabad, Mirzapur, and Kanpur of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Cu concentration was found at Varanasi (4.58 mg/l), Allahabad (2.54 mg/l), and Mirzapur (2.54 mg/l). Pb was recorded 0.54, 0.62, 0.85, and 0.24 mg/l at Kanpur, Allahabad, Mirzapur, and Varanasi, respectively. The Cd concentration was recorded 0.54, 0.68, 0.78, and 0.85 mg/l at Kanpur, Allahabad, Mirzapur, and Varanasi, respectively. The Cr, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the river water were observed over the prescribed safe limits at all sampling sites, while Cu concentration was higher than the standards at all sites except Kanpur. However, Zn was observed under the permissible limits (15 mg/l) at all sampling sites. In case of fish tissues, WHO reported the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr higher than the prescribed safe limits. The results determined that the highest heavy metals accumulation was found settled in the liver of all selected fish species. Zn ranked the highest quantity, which was found in fish tissues with the concentration of 32.41 ± 2.55 μg/g in the gill of C. catla and 4.77 ± 0.34 μg/g in the gill C. Reba. The metals followed the magnitude order of Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr in selected fish tissues.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
A study was conducted during November 2005-October 2006 for determining the heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments and giving prime thrust to determine the heavy metal concentrations fish samples collected from various points of the river Ganga at different time interval. Fish samples (viz., Channa marulius and Aorichthys seengala) were analyzed for heavy metals using standard laboratory procedures by AAS method. In impact points the annual average values for Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Zn were 0.15, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.29 ppm, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the riverine water collected from middle point had the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb. The data indicated that copper was maximally accumulated in the riverine sediments whereas least annual average concentration was obtained for lead. The trend of accumulation suggested deposition was maximum for zinc and minimum for cadmium in the muscles