Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries (original) (raw)
Related papers
2014
on behalf of the NSHD Scientific and Data Collection Team OBJECTIVE: High birth weight and greater weight gain in infancy have been associated with increased risk of obesity as assessed using body mass index, but few studies have examined associations with direct measures of fat and lean mass. This study examined associations of birth weight and weight and height gain in infancy, childhood and adolescence with fat and lean mass in early old age. SUBJECTS: A total of 746 men and 812 women in England, Scotland and Wales from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development whose heights and weights had been prospectively ascertained across childhood and adolescence and who had dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures at age 60-64 years. METHODS: Associations of birth weight and standardised weight and height (0-2 (weight only), 2-4, 4-7, 7-11, 11-15, 15-20 years) gain velocities with outcome measures were examined. RESULTS: Higher birth weight was associated with higher lean mass and lower android/gynoid ratio at age 60-64 years. For example, the mean difference in lean mass per 1 standard deviation increase in birth weight was 1.54 kg in males (95% confidence interval ¼ 1.04, 2.03) and 0.78 kg in females (0.41, 1.14). Greater weight gain in infancy was associated with higher lean mass, whereas greater gains in weight in later childhood and adolescence were associated with higher fat and lean mass, and fat/lean and android/gynoid ratios. Across growth intervals greater height gain was associated with higher lean but not fat mass, and with lower fat/lean and android/gynoid ratios. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that growth in early life may have lasting effects on fat and lean mass. Greater weight gain before birth and in infancy may be beneficial by leading to higher lean mass, whereas greater weight gain in later childhood and adolescence may be detrimental by leading to higher fat/lean and android/gynoid ratios.
Associations between birth weight and later body composition: Evidence from the 4-component model
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Higher birth weight is associated with higher body mass index, traditionally interpreted as greater fatness or obesity, in later life. However, its relation with individual body-composition components and fat distribution remains unclear. We investigated associations between birth weight and later fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat distribution. Body composition was assessed by the criterion 4-component model in 391 healthy children [mean (+/-SD) age, 11.7 +/- 4.2 y; 188 boys]. FM and FFM were adjusted for height (FMI = FM/height(2); FFMI = FFM/height(2)) and were expressed as SD scores (SDS). Findings were compared between the 4-component and simpler methods. Birth weight was positively associated with height in both sexes and was significantly positively associated with FFMI in boys, equivalent to a 0.18 SDS (95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) increase in FFMI per 1 SDS increase in birth weight. These associations were independent of puberty, physical activity, social class, ethnicity, ...
International journal of obesity (2005), 2015
BackgroundEarly postnatal rapid 'catch-up' weight gain has been consistently associated with subsequent higher obesity risk and earlier pubertal development. In many low- and middle-income countries, infancy catch-up weight gain is transient and often followed by growth faltering. We explored the hypothesis that even transient catch-up weight gain during infancy is associated with later obesity risk and earlier puberty.Methods2352 (1151 male, 1201 female) black South African children in the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) prospective birth cohort study (Johannesburg-Soweto) underwent serial measurements of body size and composition from birth to age 18 years. At age 18 years, whole-body fat mass and fat-free mass were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pubertal development was assessed by the research team between ages 9 and 10 years, and recorded annually from age 11 years using a validated self-assessment protocol.ResultsCatch-up weight gain from birth to age 1 year...
Infant growth and later body composition: evidence from the 4-component model
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Rapid weight gain in infancy is associated with higher body mass index in later life, but its relation with individual body-composition components remains unclear. We aimed to investigate associations between weight gain during different periods in infancy and later fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Body composition was assessed by using the 4-component model, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry in 234 healthy UK children and adolescents (105 boys; x +/- SD age: 11.4 +/- 3.8 y). Early growth measurements were prospective in 52 subjects and retrospective in 182. Relative weight gain was calculated as change in SD score (SDS) during different periods. Relative weight gain from 0 to 3 mo and from 3 to 6 mo showed positive relations with childhood FM, waist circumference, and trunk FM that were equivalent to increases in FMI (FM/height(2)) of 0.24 SDS (95% CI: 0.04, 0.44) and 0.50 SDS (0.25, 0.75) per 1-SDS increase in early weight and that were comparable to the ef...
Body Mass Index (BMI) Trajectories from Birth to 11.5 Years: Relation to Early Life Food Intake
Nutrients, 2012
Recent research has shown that the pattern of change over time, or trajectory, of body mass index (BMI) varies among children. However, the factors that underlie the heterogeneity in these trajectories remain largely unexplored. Our aim was to use a growth mixture model to empirically identify classes of BMI trajectories (from birth to 11.5 years) and examine the effects of breastfeeding, introduction of solids, as well as food and nutrient intake at 18 months on these BMI trajectories. We identified three BMI growth trajectories between birth and age 11.5 years, separately in boys and girls. Breastfeeding duration less than six months and the early introduction of solids did not adversely influence BMI trajectories in our sample but high intakes of meat, particularly high fat varieties, and high intakes of carbohydrate at age around 18 months were associated with a high BMI trajectory in boys. It is not clear whether these dietary factors confer a direct risk of higher BMI in childhood or are markers for other dietary patterns that are present early and/or develop through childhood and contribute to higher BMI.
Association between weight at birth and body composition in childhood: A Brazilian cohort study
Early Human Development, 2015
Background and aim: Previous studies have shown that the association between birth weight and obesity later in life apparently follows a U-shaped curve. However, due to the continuous increase of mean birth weight in several countries worldwide, it is expected that higher birth weight will play a more important role as a risk factor for further obesity than low birth weight. This study investigated the association between birth weight and body composition of children in order to establish their relationship in an earlier period of life. Study design and subjects: Prospective cohort study carried out from 1997 to 2006 in Jundiai city, Brazil, involving 486 children at birth and from 5 to 8 years of age. The following anthropometric measurements were determined: birth weight, weight, height, waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Fat mass percentage, fat mass and fat-free mass were measured by electrical bioimpedance analysis by the 310 Body Composition Analyzer, Biodynamics®. Five multiple linear regression models were developed considering waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, fat mass percentage, fat mass and fat-free mass as markers of body composition, and outcomes. Results: Significant positive associations were observed between birth weight and waist circumference (p b 0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (p = 0.006), fat mass (p = 0.007) and fat-free mass (p b 0.001). Approximately 10% of the children presented excess body fat assessed by bioimpedance, and 27.6% of them had central adiposity (waist circumference ≥95th percentile). Conclusions: Intrauterine growth, assessed by weight at birth, was positively associated with body composition of children aged 5-8 years, indicating that those with the highest birth weight are more at risk for obesity, and probably to chronic diseases in adulthood.
Birth weight, physical growth and body composition in children: A longitudinal study
Revista de Nutrição, 2018
Objective To describe children’s physical growth (body mass and height) velocity and body composition (fat percentage and Fat Free Mass); to investigate the magnitude of interindividual differences according to age, gender and birth weight categories, as well as to examine the differences in the average trajectories of children with Low Birth Weight and Normal Weight according to international references. Methods The sample consisted of 534 children (279 boys and 255 girls, 7 to 10 years old) evaluated in the first year of study and followed for 3 years with overlap between the ages of 7 and 9 years. Physical growth and body composition measurements included: height, body mass, fat percentage (%Fat) and Fat Free Mass. Multilevel Modelling was used. Results Birth weight was not associated with physical growth and body composition markers at 7 years old or with the velocity of their changes (p>0.05). There were significant interindividual differences in the trajectories of physical...
BMJ Open
ObjectiveWe examined associations among serial measures of linear growth and relative weight with adult body composition.DesignSecondary data analysis of prospective birth cohort studies.SettingsSix birth cohorts from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines and South Africa.Participants4173 individuals followed from birth to ages 22–46 years with complete and valid weight and height at birth, infancy, childhood and adolescence, and body composition in adult life.ExposuresBirth weight and conditional size (standardised residuals of height representing linear growth and of relative weight representing weight increments independent of linear size) in infancy, childhood and adolescence.Primary outcome measuresBody mass index, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass/fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM), and waist circumference in young and mid-adulthood.ResultsIn pooled analyses, a higher birth weight and relative weight gains in infancy, childhood and adolescence were posit...
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019
Background Both impaired and accelerated postnatal growth have been associated with adult risks of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of the onset of cardiometabolic changes and the specific growth trajectories linking early growth with later disease risks are not well understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify distinct trajectories of BMI growth from 0 to 5 y and examine their associations with body composition and markers of cardiometabolic risk at age 5 y. Methods In a prospective birth cohort study of 453 healthy and term Ethiopian children with BMIs assessed a median of 9 times during follow-up, we identified subgroups of distinct BMI trajectories in early childhood using latent class trajectory modeling. Associations of the identified growth trajectories with cardiometabolic markers and body composition at 5 y were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses in 4 adjustment models ...
International journal of obesity (2005), 2014
Weight and weight gain throughout infancy are related to later obesity, but whether the strength of the associations varies during the infancy period is uncertain. Our aims were to identify the period of infancy when change in body weight has the strongest association with adult body mass index (BMI) and also the extent to which these associations during infancy are mediated through childhood BMI. The Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort, in which participants were followed from birth through 42 years of age, provided information on weight at 12 months and BMI at 42 years for 1633 individuals. Information on weight at birth, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months was retrieved from health visitors' records and information on BMI at ages 7 and 13 years from school health records. The associations of infant weight and weight gain standard deviation scores (SDS) with adult BMI-SDS were analyzed using multiple linear regression and path analysis. Higher-weight-SDS at all ages from birth to an age ...