Maternal–Fetal Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Critical Review (original) (raw)
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Impact of Maternal Severe Vitamin D Deficiency on Fetal Outcome
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2020
Original Research Article Vitamin D is known to play an important role in bone metabolism and immune system regulation. Objective: to evaluate the impact of maternal vitamin D level on Baby hematological & anthropometric measurements. Patients and methods: prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 22 women with their babies who delivered vaginally at AL-Jamhoria hospital labour room with gestational age ˃ 37 week. The verbal consent was taken with Full out the questions Form. Maternal venous blood for biochemical (vitamin D, PTH, s. Ca+, s. Po4, s. Alk. Ph) & baby venous blood for biochemical (vit. D, s.Ca+, s. PO4, s. Alk. Ph) and anthropometric measurements (B. weight, Length, Head circumference) were taken immediately after birth by same person. Results and Conclusion: 22 women with their babies, aged between 19-42 year with mean (31.5± 5.83) where 5 (22.7 %) 0f them received vitamin D injection during pregnancy. Mean maternal vitamin D & parathyroid hormone levels were (3.29± 1.36 & 53.2± 2.2) respectively, the mean maternal calcium, phosphate & Alkaline phosphatase were {(8.5± 0.42), (3.66± 0.46), (77.5± 2.2)} respectively. The mean baby vitamin D level is 3.75± 2.04 where10 (45.5%) of babies had features of vitamin D. The mean baby calcium, phosphate, Alkaline phosphatase were {(9.20± 0.56), (5.20± 0.7), (93.5± 3.20)} respectively. The mean baby birth weight, Length, Head circumference were {(3.35± 0.45), (49.95± 1.17), (34.79± 1.08)} respectively. The significant correlation were exists between Maternal vitamin D & baby vitamin D & between Maternal parathyroid hormone & Baby Alkaline phosphatase.
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2017
Pregnancy represents a time of rapid bodily change, which includes physical proportions, physiology and responsibility. At this context, maternal vitamin D stores have been the objective of extensive scientific research during the last decades, focusing on their potential effects on maternal an neonatal health. A growing body of observational studies indicated that maternal hypovitaminosis D (as defined by maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/ml or <50 nmol/l) is a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes including asthma, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. On that basis, this review aims to provide to the reader new insights into the vitamin D requirements and function during pregnancy supported by recent data and will not discuss the classical roles of vitamin D and skeletal function during pregnancy. In addition, we will focus on recent results that demonstrate that maternal vitamin D supplementation could reduce neonatal respi...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
Background: From conception the embryo is dependent on the mother for all nutritional requirements until birth. Vitamin D deficiencies have adverse effect on pregnancy outcome result in poor growth, prematurity, NTD, even congenital anomalies. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies among pregnant woman attending M.Y. Hospital and assess the correlation with the pregnancy complications.Methods: Total 110 patients were studied for vitamin d levels and associated obstetrical complications and risk factors over a period of six months. 53 pregnant women were found to be deficient with vitamin D.Results: 53 pregnant women out of total of 110 were deficient in vitamin D levels. Maximum patients belonged to group (21-30yr) of age. Vitamin D deficiency was more in housewives (65.3%) and in urban(86.8%). Low birth weight<2.5kg were born 50(45.5%) and 2 IUD. 2 were diagnosed NTD in USG reports. 80% low birth weight babies were born in vitamin D defi...
Current view of vitamin D in pregnant women: a review
NASCER E CRESCER - BIRTH AND GROWTH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2019
Hypovitaminosis D is a global health problem that affects all age groups. Pregnant women are considered a high-risk group and the condition has potentially associated maternal and fetal complications. The goal of the present review is to analyze the magnitude and consequences of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women and the safety of vitamin D supplementation. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is very high, even in sunny countries. Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of specific hypertensive disease of pregnancy, bacterial vaginosis, prematurity, gestational diabetes mellitus, osteomalacia, and muscle weakness. It has also been linked to prematurity, low birth weight, and fetal infectious complications. Due to potential maternal and fetal complications, it is extremely important to achieve adequate vitamin D levels prior to pregnancy. During pregnancy, it would be prudent to monitor serum vitamin D levels and implement preventive measur...
Presumed effects of Vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and child outcomes
Drug Invention Today, 2019
Aim: Vitamin D has traditionally been viewed as a fundamental hormone in the regulation of phosphorus and calcium and bone metabolism. Recently, the discovery of a new world of extraskeletal and particularly immune modulator effects renewed the interest of research on Vitamin D in this light. Materials and Methods: Vitamin D status appears to be relevant to health at all ages, and even in prenatal life. In fact, maternal Vitamin D levels in pregnancy may have an impact on its course and on the health of the fetus, newborn, and even child in a longer term. Results and Discussion: Since Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in pregnant women around the world, there is a growing interest in the definition of Vitamin D health benefits and supplementation during pregnancy. In the present experiment, we are concentrating on Vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and child Conclusion: In the present experiment, we had determined the role of Vitamin D and it is a role in the growth of the fetus and the child outcomes.
Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, 2016
Low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy have been associated with a plethora of adverse neonatal outcomes, including small for gestational age and preterm births, detrimental effect on offspring bone and teeth development, and risk of infectious diseases. Although most observational studies indicate a significant linear relationship between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the above outcomes, some randomized controlled trials to date are inconclusive, mostly due to differences in study design and supplementation regimen. The currently available results indicate that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, dental caries of infancy, and neonatal infectious diseases such as respiratory infections and sepsis. This narrative review aims to summarize available trial results regarding the effect of low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy, in conjunction with neonatal outcomes on the field, with a discourse on the appropr...
Vitamin D and its impact on maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancy: A critical review
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017
The role of vitamin D beyond its classical function in calcium homeostasis has been of significant interest in recent years. There has been expanding research on the pleiotropic role of vitamin D in pregnancy and the implications of its deficiency on maternal-fetal outcomes. Several studies have associated low maternal vitamin D status to adverse outcomes in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm births, low birth weight, and others. Several randomized controlled clinical trials of Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy have also been conducted. Though some of the studies found improvement in pregnancy outcomes with vitamin D supplementation, others have not shown any association. In this article, we have critically reviewed the observational and interventional studies, published primarily within the past two years (January 2014 to February 2016) on the influence of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy and the impact of its supplementation. The potential underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in regulating each of the outcomes have also been discussed.
European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies, 2015
Vitamin D status is increasingly associated with wide ranging clinical outcomes. There is now a wealth of observational studies reporting on its associations with obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and mode and timing of delivery. The findings are inconsistent and currently there is a lack of data from high quality intervention studies to confirm a causal role for vitamin D in these outcomes. This is similarly true with regards to fetal development, including measures of fetal size and skeletal mineralisation. Overall, there is an indication of possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy for offspring birthweight, calcium concentrations and bone mass, and for reduced maternal pre-eclampsia. However, for none of these outcomes is the current evidence base conclusive, and the available data justify the instatement of high-quality randomised placebo controlled trials in a range of populations and health care settings to establish p...
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016
Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may affect fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in pregnancy affect fetal growth patterns and birth outcomes. This was a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands in 7098 mothers and their offspring. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations at a median gestational age of 20.3 wk (range: 18.5-23.3 wk). Vitamin D concentrations were analyzed continuously and in quartiles. Fetal head circumference and body length and weight were estimated by repeated ultrasounds, and preterm birth (gestational age <37 wk) and small size for gestational age (less than the fifth percentile) were determined. Adjusted multivariate regression analyses showed that, compared with mothers with second-trimester 25(OH)D concentrations in the highest quartile, those with 25(OH)D concentrations in the lower quartiles had offspring with third-trimester fetal growth rest...
Impact of vitamin D on pregnancy-related disorders and on offspring outcome
Observational studies from all over the world continue to find high prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in many populations, including pregnant women. Beyond its classical function as a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D elicits numerous effects in the human body. Current evidence highlights a vital role of vitamin D in mammalian gestation. During pregnancy, adaptations in maternal vitamin D metabolism lead to a physiologic increase of vitamin D levels, mainly because of an increased renal production , although other potential sources like the placenta are being discussed. A sufficient supply of mother and child with calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy ensures a healthy bone development of the fetus, whereas lack of either of these nutrients can lead to the development of rickets in the child. Moreover, vitamin D in-sufficiency during pregnancy has consistently been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes. In multitudinous studies, low maternal vitamin D status was associated with a higher risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and other gestational diseases. Likewise, several negative consequences for the fetus have been reported, including fetal growth restriction, increased risk of preterm birth and a changed susceptibility for later-life diseases. However, study results are diverging and causality has not been proven so far. Meta-analyses on the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes revealed a wide heterogeneity of studied populations and the applied methodology in vitamin D assessment. Until today, clinical guidelines for supplementation cannot be based on high-quality evidence and it is not clear if the required intake for pregnant women differs from non-pregnant women. Long-term safety data of vitamin D sup-plementation in pregnant women has not been established and overdosing of vitamin D might have unfavorable effects, especially in mothers and newborns with mutations of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism. Reliable data from large observational and interventional randomized control trials are urgently needed as a basis for any detailed and safe recommendations for supplementation in the general population and, most importantly, in pregnant women. This is of utmost importance, as ensuring a sufficient vitamin D-supply of mother and child implies a great potential for the prevention of birth complications and development of diseases.