Impact and Adaptation to Climate Change in Dhaka City of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Climate change impats in Urban Bangladesh
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958–2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32 C) and hot nights ([25 C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.
HISTORICAL TRENDS AND FUTURE PROJECTION OF CLIMATE AT DHAKA CITY OF BANGLADESH
Graphical abstract Abstract Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is considered as one of the most vulnerable cities of the world to climate change. A study has been carried out to assess the historical changes as well as future changes in the climate of Dhaka city in order to propose necessary mitigation and adaptation measures. Statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was used for the projection of future changes in daily rainfall and temperature and non-parametric trend analysis was used to assess the changes in rainfall, temperature and related extremes. The impacts of projected changes in climate on urban infrastructure and livelihood in Dhaka city was finally assessed to propose necessary adaptation measures. The study revealed that night time temperature in Dhaka city has increased significantly at a rate of 0.22ºC/decade in last fifty year, which is support to increase continually in the future. Different temperature related extreme events are also found to increase significantly in Dhaka. On the other hand, no significant change in rainfall or rainfall related extremes are observed. Therefore, it can be remarked that imminent impacts of climate change will be due to the increase in temperature and temperature related extremes. The public health and the water and energy supply are likely to be imminent affected sector in the city due to climate change.
Climate change adaptation assessment : a case of the Eastern fringe of Dhaka, Bangladesh
2010
Climate change is the major threat of this time posing severe stress to the human being and also to the environment. The effect is global and unprecedented. It is projected to be continued to take place over the next century even after undertaking effort of lessening the GHG emissions. And the least developed countries are most at risk lacking in capacity to shield their cities. Bangladesh is stated to be one of the twelve countries most at risk for climate change. Bearing the fact the Bangladesh's contribution to GHG emissions is one of the lowest in the world, even though it is at high risk because of its disadvantageous geographic location, high population density, low topography. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of the largest mega cities of the world with a very high rate of urbanization. Climate change poses risk to Dhaka mainly through flooding. Though flood has a long history in this country, but it is exacerbated by the climate driven variability.
Climate Change Implications for Dhaka City: A Need for Immediate Measures to Reduce Vulnerability
Resilient Cities, 2011
Dhaka, the capital and only megacity of Bangladesh, is exposed to multiple types of climate- induced hazards including variations in temperature, excessive and erratic rainfall, water logging, flooding, cyclones, and heat and cold waves. These hazards negatively affect city life and livelihoods nearly every year and may worsen as they become coupled with non-climatic factors such as population density, poverty, rural-urban migration, illiteracy, unplanned urbanization and lack of public utilities and services. Immediate measures addressing climate induced vulnerabilities are necessary to the long-term sustainability of Dhaka.
Regional Environmental Change, 2015
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958-2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32°C) and hot nights ([25°C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is portrayed as an example of highly overpopulated city, with excessive stress on its environmental resource leading towards a threatening level of environmental degradation. Dhaka comprises a population of around 12 million. With immense stress on its existing natural resource and providing minimal level of services and utilities to its inhabitant makes it difficult to maintain a normal urban life in Dhaka.
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958-2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32°C) and hot nights ([25°C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.
Vulnerabilities and responses to climate change for Dhaka
Environment and Urbanization, 2007
The relationship between climate change and cities is complex. Citybased activities contribute signifi cant amounts of greenhouse gases and, simultaneously, are often more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Dhaka is now the world's eighth largest city and a signifi cant proportion of Bangladesh's greenhouse gases are generated there although, relative to total emissions worldwide, the contribution is negligible. But this contribution is likely to increase rapidly with the continuing growth of the city's population, economy and electricity consumption, as well as increased motor vehicle use. At the same time, Dhaka is prone to damaging and costly fl ooding, both from the rivers that bound it and from rainfall that generates runoff that is beyond the capacity of the drains. In less than 20 years, the city has faced three major fl oods, each causing huge damage and economic loss. Although the government has taken a number of measures to improve both Dhaka's air quality and its capacity to withstand fl oods, there are further opportunities in both areas. This paper discusses, in specifi c terms, the scale of the threats, the measures taken to address them and the potential for more effective action.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
The terms "climate change" and "climate change impacts" " have become ubiquitous in the 21st century. Even though they are not the primary contributors to the problem, low-lying and developing nations like Bangladesh are bearing the brunt of the consequences of climate change. Nevertheless, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the two distinctly distinct regions with regard to the effects that climate change has had on a variety of meteorological parameters (temperature, rainfall rate, relative humidity, wind speed, and direction). The research was carried out using previously obtained data over a long period of time from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) as well as reports that were previously published. Using the collected data, a regression analysis is performed, and it is shown that both Dhaka and Khulna stations are experiencing temperature increases that are greater than 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, in accordance with the international agreement known as the "Paris Agreement" the target is to restrict the rise in global temperature to no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius. In contrast to the temperature, the rate of rainfall is increasing in the Khulna station, whereas it is decreasing in the Dhaka station. On the other hand, relative humidity and wind speed are both going in the downward trendline at both stations. On the contrary,, it has been determined that Khulna station is more susceptible to the effects of climate change than Dhaka station.
Earth Systems and Environment, 2019
The Dhaka megacity is highly vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. In addition to the risks associated with high population density and unplanned infrastructures, temperature and precipitation changes are two environmental factors which have the greatest potential to negatively impact the residential population, both now and into the future. This study uses historical climate data recorded in the Dhaka area for the 1995-2014 period, as well as a multi-model dataset, to understand existing climate variability and possible future climate change scenarios. Future climate scenarios and predictions for this area have been carried out with CMIP5 40 GCMs using the three new representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) adopted by the IPCC. Climate model projections suggest that the average temperature would increase approximately 2.56 °C by the end of the twenty-first century and future monsoonal rainfall events would also substantially increase in frequency, particularly in the month of July. The results indicate that the long, hot and humid (pre-monsoon) and humid and wet (monsoon) season will persist over Dhaka for an increased length of time. A multi-model ensemble projection clearly showed that the risks associated with the modeled climate change parameters could increase Dhaka's vulnerability to climate change by the end of the twenty-first century. It also indicated that issues associated with waterlogging, public health, transport system, and water supply would impact many areas within the Dhaka megacity. This study provides information, which can be used to assist in the development of measures to support the sustainable growth of Dhaka.