SEQUÍAS RECONSTRUIDAS EN LOS ÚLTIMOS 600 AÑOS PARA EL NORESTE DE MÉXICO* RECONSTRUCTED DROUGHTS IN THE LAST 600 YEARS FOR NORTHEASTERN MEXICO (original) (raw)
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SEQUÍAS RECONSTRUIDAS EN LOS ÚLTIMOS 600 AÑOS PARA EL NORESTE DE MÉXICO
The generation of paleoclimate series based on dendrochronological techniques, allows the historical analysis of climatic variability. Dendrochronology is an excellent alternative when the instrumental data bases of short extension are available, that limit to historically analyze its variability over time. The aim of this paper was to analyze the climatic variability over the past 600 years in northeastern Mexico, to determine the frequency of extreme hydroclimatic events (droughts) and their impact on society, using as proxy the growth rings of the species Pseudotsuga menziesi and Pinus cembroides. In this paper, paleoclimate series of over 400 years for the northeastern Coahuila and of 600 years for southern Nuevo León were analyzed, there were rebuilt severe droughts that had a significant impact on water availability, agricultural production, damage to livestock and therefore, a socioeconomic impact. Droughts in the northeastern region of Mexico for the period 1400-2004, have a...
A Study of Historical Droughts in Southeastern Mexico
Journal of Climate, 2006
A catalog containing an unprecedented amount of historical data in the southeastern part of Mexico covering almost four centuries (1502–1899) is used to construct a drought time series. The catalog records information of agricultural disasters and includes events associated with hydrometeorological phenomena or hazards whose effects were mainly felt in the agricultural sector, such as droughts. An analysis of the historical series of droughts in southeastern Mexico for the period 1502–1899 is performed. The highest drought frequency occurred around the years 1650, 1782, and 1884; no droughts were reported around 1540, between 1630 and 1640, along the largest time lapse of 1672–1714, and between 1740 and 1760. From 1760 until the end of the period of study droughts definitively occur more often than they did from ∼1550 to 1760. In addition, most droughts lasted for 1–2 yr. Analyzing the frequencies of the drought time series it is found that the most conspicuous cycles are ∼3–4 and 7...
Historical Droughts in Central Mexico and Their Relation with El Niño
Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005
A catalog containing an unprecedented amount of historical data in central Mexico, covering almost six centuries (1450–1900), is used. This is a catalog of agricultural disasters that includes events associated with hydrometeorological phenomena, or hazards, whose effects were mainly felt in the agricultural sector, such as droughts. An analysis of the historical series of droughts in central Mexico for the period of 1450–1900 is performed. Periods of frequent drought centered at the years 1483, 1533, 1571, 1601, 1650, 1691, 1730, 1783, 1818, and 1860 have been identified. In particular, droughts in Mexico City and northwest Mexico that were identified through poor tree-ring growth are included in the frequent drought periods obtained in this work. Moreover, it was found that droughts occurred in El Niño years mainly for events of very strong and strong strengths, at a significant level. Also, most droughts lasted for 1 or 2 yr. Last, by analyzing the periodicities of the drought ti...
Climate of the Past, 2015
We present results of analysis of biological (diatoms and ostracodes) and non-biological (Ti, Ca / Ti, total inorganic carbon, magnetic susceptibility) variables from an 8.8 m long, high-resolution (~ 20 yr sample<sup>−1</sup>) laminated sediment sequence from Lake Santa María del Oro (SMO), western Mexico. This lake lies at a sensitive location between the dry climates of northern Mexico, under the influence of the North Pacific subtropical high-pressure cell and the moister climates of central Mexico, under the influence of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone and the North American monsoon (NAM). The sequence covers the last 2000 years and provides evidence of two periods of human impact in the catchment, shown by increases in the diatom <i>Achnanthidium minutissimum</i>. The first from AD 100 to 400 (Early Classic) is related to the shaft and chamber tombs cultural tradition in western Mexico, and the second is related to Post-Clas...
Climate of the Past Discussions
Results are presented from biological (diatoms and ostracodes) and non-biological (Ti, Ca/Ti, total inorganic carbon, magnetic susceptibility) proxy analyses from an 8.8 m long laminated, high resolution (~20 yr sample−1) sediment sequence from lake Santa María del Oro (SMO), in western Mexico. This lake is at a sensitive location between the dry climates of northern Mexico, under the influence of the north Pacific High Pressure Subtropical Cell and the moister climates of central Mexico, under the influence of the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the North American Monsoon (NAM). The sequence covers that last 2000 years and gives evidence of two periods of human impact in the lake, shown by increases in Achnanthidium minutissimum, the first related with the Shaft and Chamber Tombs Cultural Tradition from 100 BC to AD 300 and a second late Postclassic occupation from AD 1100 to 1300. Both periods correspond to relatively wet conditions. The sequence also ...
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2016
Mexico has suffered a long history and prehistory of severe sustained drought.Drought over Mexico is modulated by ocean-atmospheric variability in the Atlantic and Pacific, raising the possibility for long-range seasonal climate forecasting, which could help mediate the economic and social impacts of future dry spells. The instrumental record of Mexican climate is very limited before 1920, but tree-ring chronologies developed from old-growth forests in Mexico can provide an excellent proxy representation of the spatial pattern and intensity of past moisture regimes useful for the analysis of climate dynamics and climate impacts. The Mexican Drought Atlas (MXDA) has been developed from an extensive network of 252 climate sensitive treering chronologies in and near Mexico.The MXDA reconstructionsextend from AD 1400 to 2012 and were calibrated with the instrumental summer (JJA) self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) on a 0.5° latitude/longitude grid extending over land areas from 14-34°N and 75-120°W using Ensemble Point-by-Point Regression (EPPR) for the 1944-1984 period. The grid point reconstructions were validated for the period 1920-1943 against instrumental gridded scPDSI values based on the fewer weather station observations available during that interval. The MXDA provides a new spatial perspective on the historical impacts of moisture extremes over Mexico during the past 600-years, including the Aztec Drought of One Rabbit in 1454, the drought of El Año de Hambre in 1785-1786, and the drought that preceded the Mexican Revolution of 1909-1910. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important oceanatmospheric forcing of moisture variability detected with the MXDA. In fact, the reconstructions suggest that the strongest central equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST)teleconnection to the soil moisture balance over North America may reside in northern Mexico. This ENSO signal has stronger and more time-stable correlations than computed for either the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation or Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The extended Multivariate ENSO Index is most highly correlated with reconstructed scPDSI over northern Mexico, where warm events favor moist conditions during the winter, spring, and early summer. This ENSO teleconnection to northern Mexico has been strong over the past 150 years, but it has been comparatively weak and non-stationary in the MXDA over central and southern Mexico where eastern tropical Pacific and Caribbean/tropical Atlantic SSTs seem to be more important. The ENSO teleconnection to northern Mexico is weaker in the available instrumental PDSI, but analyses based on the millennium climate simulations with the Community Earth System Model suggest that the moisture balance during the winter, spring, and early summer over northern Mexico may indeed be particularly sensitive to ENSO forcing. Nationwide drought is predicted to become more common with anthropogenic climate change, but the MXDA reconstructions indicate that intense"All Mexico" droughts have been rareover the past 600 years and their frequency does not appear to have increased substantially in recent decades.
Protracted drought during the late Holocene in the Lacandon rain forest, Mexico
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2008
A 3.4 m core was obtained for paleoecological analysis from Naja Lake in the Lacandon region of southeastern Mexico. This is the first study of the Lacandon area aimed at reconstructing late Holocene environmental history. The basal section of the core yielded an AMS date of 2020 14 C years B.P. The Naja pollen record shows that the lower montane rain forest characterized by Moraceae, Mimosoideae, Leguminosae and Combretaceae/Melastomataceae, coexisted with a pine-oak forest throughout the late Holocene. No Zea mays pollen was found during routine pollen counts, but the presence of both secondary pollen taxa and abundant charcoal particles suggest some degree of regional human impact. A marked increase in Pinus pollen, together with a reduction in lower montane rain forest taxa, is interpreted as evidence for a strong, protracted drought from 1260 to 730 14 C years B.P.