A Study of Bale Moisture Addition (original) (raw)
Related papers
2007
The effects of ageing as a result of extended warehouse storage of baled cotton on fiber processing characteristics have not been extensively investigated. This study attempts to address this issue by characterizing some of the chemical and physical factors of the cotton fiber both before and after storage for 2 years, and by comparing any changes that occur with changes observed in yarn processing and resultant yarn quality. Results indicate that subsequent to storage, sugar content and moisture content both experience significant changes. Conductivity, pH, and wax content did not exhibit any statistically significant changes. Of the physical factors measured by HVI (micronaire, length, strength, uniformity, Rd, and +b), only +b exhibited a significant change. The changes in chemical components did not appear to have an impact on processing performance as inferred from the fact that fiber friction and yarn uniformity were not affected. Quality measurements on the resultant yarn, however, indicate a significant reduction in yarn strength. The primary conclusions from these results are that cotton aged for 2 years causes a detrimental effect on cotton quality because of the change in color grade, while a negative impact on yarn quality is seen as a result of decreased yarn strength. Possible causes for this observed decrease in yarn strength are discussed in terms of the measured chemical variables.
Water Wetting and Retention of Cotton Assemblies as Affected by Alkaline and Bleaching Treatments
Textile Research Journal
This paper reports quantitative measurements of improved water wettability and retention of scoured and bleached cotton fabrics. The water wetting contact angles (CAs) of raw cotton fibers and grey plain weave and satin weave cotton fabrics are 95.3° (±19.4°), 93.9° (±3.3°), and 93.2° (±4.7°), respectively. Improved water wetting properties with alkaline scouring (3% NaOH) depend on the forms of the cotton assemblies that are scoured and the duration of the scouring. Water wetting CAs of single fibers (CA = 0.3° & p l u s m n ; 0.5 °) improve to a much greater extent when scoured (2 hour) in loose fiber form than in the yarn (40.8° & p l u s m n ; 7.3°) or fabric (41.3° & p l u s m n ; 5.4°) form. Water wetting contact angles of single fibers taken from the scoured plain weave fabrics are identical to those of fabrics and yarns scoured under the same conditions.
Beltwide Cotton Quality Before and After Lint Cleaning
Journal of Cotton Science
A two-year, commercial cotton gin sampling project was conducted during the 2005-06 and 2006-07 ginning seasons to assess the changes in upland cotton quality during the ginning process and throughout the ginning season across the entire cotton belt. This report summarizes the cotton quality information collected to establish a baseline for cotton quality before and after saw-type lint cleaning for future research efforts to address cotton short-fiber content and fiber entanglements (neps) that occur during processing. Fiber quality measurements of ginned lint sampled before and after saw-type lint cleaning followed expected trends in that lint cleaning improved color grades, reduced foreign matter content, reduced fiber length and length uniformity, and increased short-fiber content and neps. Fiber quality measurements before and after lint cleaning summarized by cotton growing region showed similar trends to those summarized across the cotton belt. Differences in fiber quality mea...
2011
Cotton bales are stored for various lengths of time after ginning in any given year depending on crop size as well as market demand. Storage of cotton bales in covered warehouses is the general industry practice for most of the U.S. cotton belt. However, some cotton bales are stored in outside holding yards in the more arid parts of the cotton belt by producer preference or because of lack of available indoor storage due to the size of the cotton crop in any particular year. Data is lacking on the relative effects on cotton quality between outside and inside storage of cotton bales. A oneyear bale storage test was initiated to determine the effects of long-term outside and inside bale storage under arid conditions, on fiber and textile processing quality. Ten bales of Pima cotton were stored in an approved warehouse and ten bales were stored in an outside storage yard. The bales were covered with a specially formulated linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) film with UV inhibitors....
Effect of Drying Methods on Quality of Cotton Fibers Before Ginning
The PCSI (Pakistan Cotton Standard Institute) standard test methods for measuring moisture percentage in Pakistan seed and lint cotton relate the drying system. The decline in weight is taken as the amount of moisture and is stated as a percentage (%) of the quantity of either the humid or dried material. It is essential to evaluate the standard methods and compare them to know that which drying method detoriates the cotton fibers to the minimum. Three cotton varieties MNH-93, Niab-78 and Ali Akbar-703 were taken to dry with natural, artificial drying methods and cotton storage technique. The fibers were tested for effective length, fineness and strength. It was observed that natural drying technique least influenced the cotton fiber properties whereas artificial drying technique the most. On the other hand storage technique detoriates at intermediate levels but does not reduce the moisture to the exact level required. Artificial drying technique proved to be fastest as the temperat...
The Influence of Industrial Laundering of Hospital Textiles on the Properties of Cotton Fabrics
Textile Research Journal, 2007
Laundering is a complex process that takes place in a water medium and is influenced by temperature, duration, washing agents (consisting of surfactants, builders, bleaching, whitening and auxiliary agents), disinfecting agents as well as mechanical treatment . It is important to maintain hygiene and the quality of textile cleaning by successfully taking advantage of the beneficial interactions occurring between well-chosen detergent ingredients, using professional and responsible methods to deliver superior performance with a minimum amount of active ingredients and choosing the most optimal laundering procedure. When these factors are taken into consideration the product cost and the quantity of materials released into the environment is reduced and, at the same time, an appropriate level of quality and hygiene is maintained . Cotton fabrics have been widely used in the textile industry, representing more than 50% of the world textile production . For this reason, the secondary laundering effects are usually evaluated on cotton fabrics. Secondary laundering effects consist of changes in the oxidation state, degree of polymerization, breakdown of molecular structure, loss of tensile strength, discoloration and overall change in appearance. The causes of these effects are the use of low-quality textiles and improper use of detergents, hard water, microbial growth etc. . The wear and tear of cotton fabrics due to washing were primarily tested in 1908 by Leimhöfer [8]. According to Kind [9] the loss of the tearing strength of cotton fabrics after 50 laundering processes using soap, soda and perborate, varied between 30 and 85%. In 1930, Häuptli [10] gave an account of extensive Abstract Every laundry is determined to maintain or constantly improve the quality of its services. This quality is defined by parameters that are determined by standard methods. With the help of different industrial laundries some research on the influence of laundering procedure on the quality of laundered fabrics was conducted. For this purpose standard cotton fabrics were laundered 50 times or 25 times, respectively, by certain procedures. After laundering, the quality was assessed by determining the decrease in breaking strength, chemical wear, incineration residue, Ganz degree of whiteness, lightness and the Ganz-Griesser tint deviation. It was found that higher chemical and mechanical damage was mainly due to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide used at higher temperatures in longer laundering procedures with lower bath ratios. The quality of the investigated laundering procedures could be improved by adapting the dose of detergents, bath ratio, temperature and duration as well as the sorting before laundering.
Bale moisture addition - a case study, Part II
The study of the addition of water to cotton at ginning dates back to the early 1950's. Since this time, technologies have changed which allow for more control and higher volumes of water to be added to cotton at the lint slide than ever before. The objective of the study reported here, which is part two of the study reported by Hughs (2004), was to determine an acceptable bale moisture range within which fiber quality, yarn quality, microbial activity and dyed fabric quality degradation can safely be avoided after 6 months of bale storage. Approximately 50 pounds of cotton were sampled from each of the three bales for each moisture treatment as described by Hughs (2004) in part one of this study, after six months in storage. In addition to the HVI fiber properties reported by Hughs (2004), additional testing of the fibers was performed on the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) followed by microbial activity determinations. The resulting 20/1 open-end spun yarns were subje...
Pre-post Bleaching Behaviors of Cotton Knits Using Reductive and Oxidative bleaches
International Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering, 2020
Cotton fiber contains natural impurities on its' surface. To remove those impurities, cotton is treated with several types of bleaching agents based on industrial practice. The study investigated pre-post behaviors of single jersey knit after the bleaching treatments. Two types of bleaching chemicals were used to perform the study: such as (a) reductive, and (b) oxidative bleaching agents. The specimens were subjected to weight loss, absorption, color measurement, and bursting strength tests at the pre-post stages of the bleaching. Results from the statistical analysis revealed that the bleaching treatments significantly impacted on the behaviors of cotton knits. The findings also disclosed that hydrogen peroxide bleaching in the alkaline medium had the superior bleaching performance in cotton fabrics.
5 Dyeing of Environmentaly Friendly Pretreated Cotton Fabric
2017
Raw cotton fibres have to go through several chemical processes to obtain properties suitable for further dyeing and use. With scouring, non-cellulose substances (wax, pectin, proteins, hemicelluloses...) that surround the fibre cellulose core are removed, and as a result, fibres become hydrophilic. Conventional scouring processes of cotton are conducted at temperatures up to 130 °C in a very alkaline medium (pH 10–12) with sodium hydroxide. Since a non-specific reagent is used in the treatment, it attacks impurities but it also causes damages to the cellulose portion of the fibres. Several auxiliary agents, such as wetting agents, emulsifiers and sequestering agents, which improve the efficiency of scouring and reduce the damage of fibres, are also added to the scouring bath. Scouring is regularly followed by a bleaching process, which removes the natural pigments of cotton fibres. Cellulose fibres are most frequently bleached with hydrogen peroxide resulting in high and uniform de...
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2020
T he main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate utilization in cotton fiber bleaching instead of Hydrogen Peroxide and to compare the influence of these bleaching agents on performance of some Egyptian cotton varieties (G88, G90, G95, and G96). Bleaching efficiency is evaluated by the degree of whiteness, yellowness, micronaire value, Length, fiber strength and elongation percent. This research was conducted with bleaching using Oxygen bleaches comparable to the conventional bleaching agents such as Hydrogen Peroxide. Results showed that the bleaching with sodium Percarbonate (SPC) and sodium perborate (SPB) using three different concentrations brought an overall improvement in cotton fibers whiteness without decreasing the qualities of cotton fibers in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. This implies that these oxygen bleaches can replace the hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, oxygen bleaches are considered as good alternatives for other bleaches because of their economic and environmental impact as they are more stable and can be stored in a solid form. Besides, they can be active at lower temperatures.