Defending Puts the Anterior Cruciate Ligament at Risk During Soccer: A Gender-Based Analysis (original) (raw)
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European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 2017
Soccer is considered the most popular sport in the world concerning both audience and athlete participation, and the incidence of ACL injury in this sport is high. The understanding of injury situations and mechanisms could be useful as substratum for preventive actions. To conduct a video analysis evaluating the situations and mechanisms of ACL injury in a homogeneous population of professional male soccer players, through a search entirely performed on the YouTube.com Web site focusing on the most recent years. A video analysis was conducted obtaining videos of ACL injury in professional male soccer players from the Web site YouTube. Details regarding injured players, events and situations were obtained. The mechanism of injury was defined on the basis of the action, duel type, contact or non-contact injury, and on the hip, knee and foot position. Thirty-four videos were analyzed, mostly from the 2014-2015 season. Injuries occurred mostly in the first 9 min of the match (26%), in ...
Defending Puts the Anterior Cruciate Ligament at Risk During Soccer
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2014
Background: Soccer athletes are at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. To date, there are limited studies on the mechanisms of ACL injuries in soccer athletes and no video-based analysis or sex-based comparison of these mechanisms. Hypothesis: There is no difference in ACL injury mechanisms among soccer athletes by sex. Study design: Case series. Level of evidence: Level 4. Methods: Fifty-five videos of ACL injuries in 32 male and 23 female soccer players were reviewed. Most athletes were professionals (22 males, 4 females) or collegiate players (8 males, 14 females). Visual analysis of each case was performed to describe the injury mechanisms in detail (game situation, player behavior, and lower extremity alignment). Results: The majority of ACL injuries occurred when the opposing team had the ball and the injured athlete was defending (73%). Females were more likely to be defending when they injured their ACLs (87% vs 63% for males, P = 0.045). The most common playin...
Behavior of Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Amateur Soccer Players
Background: An anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is a very common injury, especially in individuals who participate in pivoting sports like soccer. Many factors that contribute to the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries have been investigated, but there is no consensus among them yet.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Soccer Players : An Overview
2009
Soccer is known as a sport with high risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Until 1980s, an ACL injury was a career-ending injury for a soccer player, but afterwards with the technological advancement in the field of medical sciences it could be treated or cured to a greater extent. Prevalence of this injury is two times greater among female soccer players in comparison to their male counterparts. Many theories have been postulated to explain the reasons for greater occurrence of ACL injuries among female soccer players but the biomechanical elucidation is considered to be the most justified one. The theories are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic aspects depending on the involved factors. Intrinsic factors include variables as such limb alignment, joint laxity, ligament size, notch dimensions, wider pelvis, increased genu valgum, and increased tibial torsion while, extrinsic factors are body movement, shoe-surface interface, muscle strength, coordination, level of skill through conditioning and flexibility. ACL injuries are of three categories (Grade I, Grade II and Grade III) which occur mainly during non-contact episode of the game, e.g., during the landing, kicking, or during stance phases of high-risk postures such as sidestepping. The gender differences observed in knee joint kinematics and forces during these movements are thus viewed as important contributors to ACL injury potential. Primary prevention of ACL injury among soccer player is possible by appropriate intervention strategies, e.g, a variety of training protocols, proper education of the athletes, and bracing. Current studies focus on neuromuscular training as a preventive measure, with programs that include strength, flexibility, plyometrics, sports-specific agility drills, speed enhancement, balance and athlete education.
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2018
AimTo ascertain ACL injury incidence, severity (injury burden) and patterns (contact/non-contact and reinjuries) in a professional male football league in the Middle East over five consecutive seasons.MethodsProspective epidemiological study reporting ACL injuries in professional male soccer players in the Qatar Stars League, with complete matches/training exposure over five seasons (2013–2014 to 2017–2018), corresponding to 2243 player seasons and 729 team months.Results37 complete ACL ruptures occurred in 37 players during 486 951 hours of player exposure. The overall ACL injury rate was 0.076 injuries/1000 hours of exposure (season range 0.045–0.098). Injury incidence during matches and training was 0.41 and 0.04 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, respectively. Match injury incidence was greater than that of training (OR 11.8, 95% CI 6.21 to 23.23, p<0.001). Average injury-related time-loss following ACL injury was 225 days±65 (range 116–360). Overall injury burden was 16.3 ...
British journal of sports medicine, 2015
Current knowledge on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury mechanisms in male football players is limited. To describe ACL injury mechanisms in male professional football players using systematic video analysis. We assessed videos from 39 complete ACL tears recorded via prospective professional football injury surveillance between 2001 and 2011. Five analysts independently reviewed all videos to estimate the time of initial foot contact with the ground and the time of ACL tear. We then analysed all videos according to a structured format describing the injury circumstances and lower limb joint biomechanics. Twenty-five injuries were non-contact, eight indirect contact and six direct contact injuries. We identified three main categories of non-contact and indirect contact injury situations: (1) pressing (n=11), (2) re-gaining balance after kicking (n=5) and (3) landing after heading (n=5). The fourth main injury situation was direct contact with the injured leg or knee (n=6). Knee ...
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2009
Soccer is the most commonly played sport in the world, with an estimated 265 million active soccer players by 2006. Inherent to this sport is the higher risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) relative to other sports. ACL injury causes the most time lost from competition in soccer which has influenced a strong research focus to determine the risk factors for injury. This research emphasis has afforded a rapid influx of literature defining potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that increase the risk of injury. The purpose of the current review is to sequence the most recent literature that reports potential mechanisms and risk factors for non-contact ACL injury in soccer players. Most ACL tears in soccer players are non-contact in nature. Common playing situations precluding a non-contact ACL injury include: change of direction or cutting maneuvers combined with deceleration, landing from a jump in or near full extension, and pivoting with knee near full extension and a planted foot. The most common non-contact ACL injury mechanism include a deceleration task with high knee internal extension torque (with or without perturbation) combined with dynamic valgus rotation with the body weight shifted over the injured leg and the plantar surface of the foot fixed flat on the playing surface. Potential extrinsic non-contact ACL injury risk factors include: dry weather and surface, and artificial surface instead of natural grass. Commonly purported intrinsic risk factors include: generalized and specific knee joint laxity, small and narrow intercondylar notch width (ratio of notch width to the diameter and cross sectional area of the ACL), pre-ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle in females not using oral contraceptives, decreased relative (to quadriceps) hamstring strength and recruitment, muscular fatigue by altering neuromuscular control, decreased “core” strength and proprioception, low trunk, hip, and knee flexion angles, and high dorsiflexion of the ankle when performing sport tasks, lateral trunk displacement and hip adduction combined with increased knee abduction moments (dynamic knee valgus), and increased hip internal rotation and tibial external rotation with or without foot pronation. The identified mechanisms and risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries have been mainly studied in female soccer players; thus, further research in male players is warranted. Non-contact ACL injuries in soccer players likely has a multi-factorial etiology. The identification of those athletes at increased risk may be a salient first step before designing and implementing specific pre-season and in-season training programs aimed to modify the identified risk factors and to decrease ACL injury rates. Current evidence indicates that this crucial step to prevent ACL injury is the only option to effectively prevent the sequelae of osteoarthritis associated with this traumatic injury.
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2020
Background: Decelerating and cutting are two common movements during which non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in soccer players. Retrospective video analysis of ACL injuries has demonstrated that players are often in knee valgus at the time of injury. Purpose: To determine whether prospectively measured components of valgus collapse during a deceleration and 90° cut can differentiate between collegiate women's soccer players who go on to non-contact ACL injury. Design: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. Methods: 51 NCAA women's soccer players completed motion analysis of a deceleration and 90° before the competitive season. Players were classified as Injured (noncontact ACL injury during the season) or Uninjured at the end of the season. Differences between groups for peak hip adduction, internal rotation, and knee abduction angles, and knee valgus collapse were analyzed with a MANOVA. Results: Four non-contact ACL injuries were reported at the end of the season. There was a significant difference between groups for hip adduction angle during the 90° cut (p=0.02) and deceleration (p=0.03). Players who went on to ACL injury were in more hip adduction. Conclusions: Hip adduction angle is larger in players who go on to ACL injury than those who do not during two sport-specific tasks. The components of knee injury prevention programs that address proximal control and strength are likely crucial for preventing ACL injuries.
Background The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has been shown to decrease the risk of soccer injuries in men and women. The program has also been shown to decrease time loss resulting from injury. However, previous studies have not specifically investigated how the program might impact the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in male soccer players. Questions/purposes The purpose of this study was to examine if the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program can (1) reduce the overall number of ACL injuries in men who play competitive college soccer and whether any potential reduction in rate of ACL injuries differed based on (2) game versus practice setting; (3) player position; (4) level of play (Division I or II); or (5) field type. Methods This study was a prospective cluster randomized controlled trial, which was conducted in 61 Division I and Division II National Collegiate Athletic Association men's soccer teams over the course of one competitive soccer season. The FIFA 11+ is a 15-to 20-minute on-the-field dynamic