Potential intracellular tracker capacity of novel synthetic metalloporphyrins (original) (raw)
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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects on health of pregnant female rats exposed to pesticides glyphosate and carbendazim. Glyphosate is used as herbicide and carbendazim as a fungicide; all are commercially available readily for various agricultural and domestic purposes. The hypothesis tested in this investigation is that pesticide exposure during pregnancy causes changes in biomarker responses like serum glucose level, total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, SGOT, SGPT, and billirubin level. Significant changes were observed in all above biomarker responses, when compared with the reference. Histopathology of skin and kidney of rat neonates showed marked damage. Degenerative changes and vacuolization with eroded capsule were observed in kidney sample and thinning of epidermis in skin sample was seen in pesticides exposed neonates of rats. The serum biochemistry and histopathological findings are valuable markers for observing the changes caused by pesticide exposure.
Environmental toxicology, 2015
Mixture of organophosphorus pesticides (MOPs) has been used worldwide to increase food production. The MOPs are harmful, and the exposure to them is both agricultural and nonagricultural through contaminated food. The neurotoxicity of MOPs has received more consideration recently due to the increased cases of malformed fetuses suspected to be caused by the MOPs exposure during gestation; however, relevant studies in animal model are rare. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis and demonstrated potential perinatal embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of MOPs exposure. As results, we found that MOPs decreased in utero fetal growth and alter the ratio of organs to whole body weight of the pregnant rats. MOPs also had been shown to disturb the balance of sex hormones and affect the reproduction of rats. Furthermore, we found various significantly elevated deformities in MOPs exposed embryos, confirming the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of maternal exposure to MOPs. © 20...
Transplacental teratogenesis and mutagenesis in mouse fetuses treated with cyclophosphamide
Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 1988
We studied transplacental fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity in Swiss Webster mice following different doses of cyclophosphamide (CP; 0, 5 , 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg), a well-known mutagedteratogen, on day 12 of gestation. The fetal survival and weight on day 18 of gestation decreased significantly with increasing CP dose (P < 0.01). The CP-treated fetuses were also dysmorphic (e.g., shortened limbs, digital defects, cleft palate, open eyes, and hydrocephaly) and the percentage of dysmorphology increased with increasing CP doses (P < 0.01). To evaluate mutagenesis, a separate group of females received 5-bromodeoxyuridine tablet (50-mg) implants on day 12 of gestation and a CP treatment 8 h later. Fetal liver cells were harvested 24 h post-BrdU implant to analyze sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and micronuclei. CP caused a significant increase in the SCEs per fetal liver cell from 3.4 * 0.02 (control) to 90.0 * 0.04 (20 mg/kg CP) (P < 0.01). The increasing CP dose was also related to an increase in micronuclei. The data suggest that CP is transplacentally toxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. Further analyses of the data suggest that the mutagenic effects of CP may in fact contribute indirectly to the CP-related teratogenic effects. Such conclusions are based on path analysis with directional causations associated with SCEs per cell and the dysmorphic features studied.
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pesticides
1995
De la Peña et al. para el hombre de los productos químicos, de uso fitosanitario y plaguicida, sustancias que son contaminantes potenciales del medio. 2. Laburpena Plagizidek sortutako kalte genotoxiko eta zitogenetikoez jabetzeko saio-metodoen berrikustapena egin da. Aldaketa genetikoen detekzioa 5'a/mone//a/mikrosoma saioaren bidez; aberrazio kromosomiko egituralen detekzioa, kromatida ahizpen elkartrukaketa eta mikronukleoak CHO zelulen landaketetan eta giza-odol periferikoaren linfozitoen landaketetan in vitro eta in vivo. Onddohilkari, belarhilkari eta intsektuhilkari bezala erabilitako plagizida desberdinekin sortutako ondorioak azaltzen dirá (Onddohilkariak: captan, folpet, captafol, diclofluanida, zineb eta maneb; Belarhilkariak: clorbromurón, clortolurón, difenoxurón, diurón, fluometurón, isoproturón, linurón, metobromurón, metoxurón, monolinurón, monurón eta neburón; eta Intsektuhilkariak: piretrinak, aletrín, bioaletrín, s-bioaletrín, resmetrín, tetrametrín, cw-permetrín, frans-permetrín, cipermetrín, deltametrín, fenvalerato, carbofurano, triadimefón eta triclorfón). Amaitzeko, iraupen laburreko genotoxizitate eta zitotoxizitate saioek, ingurugiroaren kutsatzaile potentzialak diren eta erabilera fitosanitario eta plagizidetako produktu kimikoek gizakiarengaineko minbizi arriskuen iragarpenean duten balioa adierazten da.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013
Concentrations of pesticides and selected metabolites in rat urine and amniotic fluid were determined as biomarker upon oral administration of Wistar rats to two pesticide mixtures consisting of three to five pesticides (bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, malathion, and terbuthylazine). The pesticides and their metabolites were found in rat amniotic fluid and urine, generally in dose-response concentrations in relation to dosage. The measurement of the substances in the amniotic fluid indicated that the fetus was exposed to the pesticides as well as their metabolites. Moreover, the pesticides detected in urine demonstrated the exposure as well as the ability of the rat to excrete these compounds.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020
The impact of pesticides on the environment and human health is a serious matter of concern. The present study focusses on the teratogenic effect of pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and glyphosate (GLY) on the pregnant rats and their offspring during gestation and lactation period. The female rats were exposed to these pesticides (CPF and GLY) throughout their pregnancy at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The biochemical markers and lipid profile of pesticides exposed pregnant rats were analyzed. The maternal and reproductive outcome was also assessed followed by rat pups morphometric analysis. A significant alteration in the blood glucose level, triglycerides, total cholesterol, SGOT, and SGPT levels were observed in pesticide exposed groups. The body weight, crown-rump length, eye length, eye width, hind limb, and forelimb size of rat neonates were significantly found to be lower in the pesticide exposed group when compared with the control animals. Morphological abnormalities like microcephaly, m...
Assessment of genotoxic effects of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides by comet assay
İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy
Background and Aims: Pesticide poisoning is the most widespread occupational hazard for agricultural workers in the developing world, due to the extensive presence of pesticides in the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and DNA damaging effects of organophosphosphate and carbamate pesticides. Methods: In the present study, the cytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos methyl, azinphos ethyl, [(O-Ethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) pheriylphosphonothioate] (EPN), aldicarb sulfone, and ethiofencarb were assessed by the trypan blue dye exclusion method. An alkaline comet assay was performed to assess the genotoxic effects of applied pesticides in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results: We demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of EPN following 30 and 120 min exposure at 100 µg/mL concentration. Although chlorpyrifos-methyl and azinphos ethyl seem to be safer concerning cytotoxicity compared to other pesticides, significantly higher DNA damage levels were determined after exposure of these pesticides for 120 min at 100 µg/mL concentration by in vitro comet assay. The potential DNA-damaging effects of these pesticides were sorted from high to low, as chlorpyrifos-methyl, aldicarb sulfone, EPN, and azinphos ethyl after 30 min of exposure, and were sorted as chlorpyrifosmethyl, azinphos ethyl, aldicarb sulfone, and EPN after 120 min of exposure. Our results revealed that these pesticides tend to increase DNA damage in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The genotoxic effects of these widely used pesticides may cause prominent and serious health risks for human populations; hence, the DNA-damaging potential of pesticides can lead to genotoxic risk and adverse health effects like cancer.
Assessment of genotoxic effects of chloropyriphos and acephate by the comet assay in mice leucocytes
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2002
Two organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (chloropyriphos and acephate) and cyclophosphamide (CP) (positive control) were tested for their ability to induce in vivo genotoxic effect in leucocytes of Swiss albino mice using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay or comet assay. The mice were administered orally with doses ranging from 0.28 to 8.96 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) of chloropyriphos and 12.25 to 392.00 mg/kg b.wt. of acephate. The assay was performed on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. A significant increase in mean comet tail length indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment (P < 0.05) with both pesticides in comparison to control. The damage was dose related. The mean comet tail length revealed a clear dose dependent increase. From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean tail length was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of the damaged DNA. From the study it can be concluded that the comet assay is a sensitive assay for the detection of genotoxicity caused by pesticides.