Childhood cancer incidence in a cohort of twin babies (original) (raw)
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American Journal of Epidemiology, 1985
The incidence of childhood cancer in twins, In children with congenital malformations diagnosed at birth, and in children of low birth weight was investigated and compared with that in the total population of Norway born live from 1967-1979. Only the malformation group had a significantly increased rate of total cancer (28.3/100,000 person-years) compared with the population (14.6/100,000). The excess cancer appeared to be limited to children with Down's syndrome or a central nervous system defect, who most frequently developed leukemia or central nervous system tumors, respectively. The rates of total cancer in children of low birth weight (9.3/100,000) and in twins (13.0/100,000) were close to expected. However, twins had a significantly increased rate of renal cancer (rate ratio = 4.1). The documented associations between cancers and congenital malformations are suggestive of some common etiologic factors which warrant further studies for their identification and for elucidating possible means of prevention. cancer; central nervous system; congenital defects; Down's syndrome; leukemia; twins
International journal of epidemiology, 2015
High birthweight is an established risk factor for childhood leukaemia. Its association with other childhood cancers is less clear, with studies hampered by low case numbers. We used two large independent datasets to explore risk associations between birthweight and all subtypes of childhood cancer. Data for 16 554 cases and 53 716 controls were obtained by linkage of birth to cancer registration records across five US states, and 23 772 cases and 33 206 controls were obtained from the UK National Registry of Childhood Tumours. US, but not UK, data were adjusted for gestational age, birth order, plurality, and maternal age and race/ethnicity. Risk associations were found between birthweight and several childhood cancers, with strikingly similar results between datasets. Total cancer risk increased linearly with each 0.5 kg increase in birthweight in both the US [odds ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.08)] and UK [1.06 (1.05, 1.08)] datasets. Risk was strongest for leukaemi...
International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study
The Lancet. Oncology, 2017
Cancer is a major cause of death in children worldwide, and the recorded incidence tends to increase with time. Internationally comparable data on childhood cancer incidence in the past two decades are scarce. This study aimed to provide internationally comparable local data on the incidence of childhood cancer to promote research of causes and implementation of childhood cancer control. This population-based registry study, devised by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in collaboration with the International Association of Cancer Registries, collected data on all malignancies and non-malignant neoplasms of the CNS diagnosed before age 20 years in populations covered by high-quality cancer registries with complete data for 2001-10. Incidence rates per million person-years for the 0-14 years and 0-19 years age groups were age-adjusted using the world standard population to provide age-standardised incidence rates (WSRs), using the age-specific incidence rates (ASR) for i...
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2015
Evidence relating childhood cancer to high birthweight is derived primarily from registry and case-control studies. We aimed to investigate this association, exploring the potential modifying roles of age at diagnosis and maternal anthropometrics, using prospectively collected data from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium. We pooled data on infant and parental characteristics and cancer incidence from six geographically and temporally diverse member cohorts [the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (UK), the Collaborative Perinatal Project (USA), the Danish National Birth Cohort (Denmark), the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (Israel), the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (Norway), and the Tasmanian Infant Health Survey (Australia)]. Birthweight metrics included a continuous measure, deciles, and categories (≥4.0 vs. <4.0 kilogram). Childhood cancer (377 cases diagnosed prior to age 15 years) risk was analysed by type (all sites, leukaemia, acute lymph...
Trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S. (1992–2004)
Cancer, 2008
BACKGROUND. The etiology of most pediatric neoplasms remains elusive. Examination of population-based incidence data provides insight regarding etiology among various demographic groups and may result in new hypotheses. The objective of the current study was to present updated information regarding childhood cancer incidence and trends in the U.S. overall and among demographic subgroups, including Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics, for whom to the authors' knowledge trends have not been previously examined.
Trends in incidence of childhood cancer in Australia, 1983-2006
British journal of cancer, 2010
There are few population-based childhood cancer registries in the world containing stage and treatment data. Data from the population-based Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry were used to calculate incidence rates during the most recent 10-year period (1997-2006) and trends in incidence between 1983 and 2006 for the 12 major diagnostic groups of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. In the period 1997-2006, there were 6184 childhood cancer (at 0-14 years) cases in Australia (157 cases per million children). The commonest cancers were leukaemia (34%), that of the central nervous system (23%) and lymphomas (10%), with incidence the highest at 0-4 years (223 cases per million). Trend analyses showed that incidence among boys for all cancers combined increased by 1.6% per year from 1983 to 1994 but have remained stable since. Incidence rates for girls consistently increased by 0.9% per year. Since 1983, there have been significant increases among boys and girls for le...
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2021
Background: Cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death among children ages 1 to 14 years in the United States. Previous research finds that strong cohort selection in utero against males precedes a reduction in live-born males considered frail. We examine whether such cohort selection in utero may similarly affect the frequency of childhood cancers among male live births. Methods: We examined 1,368 childhood cancers among males born in Sweden over 144 months, from January 1990 to December 2001, and followed to age 15 in the Swedish Cancer Registry. We retrieved the count of male twins by birth month from the Swedish Birth Registry. We applied autoregressive, integrated, moving average time-series methods to identify and control for temporal patterns in monthly childhood cancers and to evaluate robustness of results. Results: Fewer childhood cancers occur among monthly male birth cohorts with elevated selection in utero (i.e., a low count of liveborn male twins). This association appears in the concurrent month (coef ¼ 0.04; 95% CI, 0.001-0.079) as well as in the following month in which most births from the twin's conception cohort are "scheduled" to be born (coef ¼ 0.055; 95% CI, 0.017-0.094). Conclusions: Elevated cohort selection in utero may reduce the number of frail male gestations that would otherwise have survived to birth and received a cancer diagnosis during childhood. Impact: This novel result warrants further investigation of prenatal exposures, including those at the population level, that may induce cohort selection in utero for some cancer types but not others.
Parental age and risk of childhood cancers: a population-based cohort study from Sweden
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2006
Background Frequent germ line cells mutations were previously demonstrated to be associated with aging. This suggests a higher incidence of childhood cancer among children of older parents. A population-based cohort study of parental ages and other prenatal risk factors for five main childhood cancers was performed with the use of a linkage between several national-based registries. Methods In total, about 4.3 million children with their parents, born between 1961 and 2000, were included in the study. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to obtain the incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Children ,5 years of age and children 5-14 years of age were analysed independently. Results There was no significant result for children 5-14 years of age. For children ,5 years of age, maternal age were associated with elevated risk of retinoblastoma (oldest age group's IRR 5 2.39, 95%CI 5 1.17-4.85) and leukaemia (oldest age group's IRR 5 1.44, 95%CI 5 1.01-2.05). Paternal age was significantly associated with leukaemia (oldest age group's IRR 5 1.31, 95%CI 5 1.04-1.66). For central nervous system cancer, the effect of paternal age was found to be significant (oldest age group's IRR 5 1.69, 95%CI 5 1.21-2.35) when maternal age was included in the analysis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that advanced parental age might be associated with an increased risk of early childhood cancers.
Parental Age and Risk of Childhood Cancer
Epidemiology, 2009
Background-Few risk factors for childhood cancer are well-established. We investigated whether advancing parental age increases childhood cancer risk.