Local Labour System After the Turn of the Millennium in Hungary (original) (raw)
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DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2017
The paper deals with the topic of functional regionalization and demonstrates some of the possible delimitation methodologies on the basis of commuting to work dataset provided by the 2011 census in Hungary. The main objective of the study is to compare the results of the different methods on the basis of the resulted territorial divisions, their centres and hinterlands. The method of local labour systems (LLS), the method of labour market areas (LMA)-called as EURO method-and the CURDS measure are introduced, applied and compared. The results of the calculations clearly demonstrate the different characters of the methods. The results of the LLS method are characterized by major disparities with an extremely extended Budapest LLS district. The EURO method results in a less extending central region around Budapest, however, the CURDS measure causes the most moderate inequalities among the functional regions with the smallest number of units. The differing character of the methods can be discovered in the centres as well. LLS centres indicate the polarizing character of the method preferring the largest centres, at the same time it gives possibility to the smaller centres to be delimited. The centres of the EURO method appear with the largest frequency and it gives the possibility that those centres are located in the surroundings of dominant centres. The CURDS measure is the 'strictest' one from this respect. The comparative results drew the attention to the differing character of centres in each part of Hungary.
The features of the transition of Hungary's regional system
2000
The transition process of the Hungarian economy and society began exactly ten years ago, and every part of these systems underwent fundamental change. The country’s regional structure and the spatial economic societal movements followed the transition too, and precisely reflected the step by step altering of the socialist political-economic system and the fast development of the new system. The effects were very spectacular, on both regional and local levels. Workplaces disappeared in large numbers in crisis regions, due to the collapse of some sectors. Regions and settlements found themselves in a crisis. The former normal contacts (e.g.: commuting directions, attraction regions) got rearranged from one day to the next. The people, the households, the participants of the economy and the political-societal actors had to deal with the difficulties of the modernisation in their residential areas, local communities and regions. Therefore knowledge and experience can always be attached ...
Attempts to delineate functional regions in Hungary based on commuting data
The issue of defining functional regions in Hungary is presented in this paper, which contains detailed methodological description with the help of relevant studies from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The use of Smart’s measure together with the CURDS algorithm and the relatively new concept of trade-off constraint function with four different sets of parameter values provided four optional solutions for this issue, based on the analysis of daily travel-to-work flows from the 2011 census. The resulting regions correspond to the micro-regional level and give valuable additions to the discussion about regionalization. The paper provides basic descriptive statistics for each of the four variants of functional region systems, which enables their overall evaluation (seeing advantages and disadvantages) and mutual comparison (seeing similarities and differences), and thus facilitates an informed debate on future work in functional regionalisation in Hungary carried out with respect to different purposes.
2011
As a governmental institution the Public Employment Service in Hungary has the function to control and register legal labour immigration by accomplishing regulations connected to employment permissions. As a result of the activity this institution collected a more than 600thousand records large, and up to now basically not much explored database on the official employment of these foreign people, making it possible to find out what spatial and socio-economic features are characterising these processes. Now it is a chance to explore major tendencies of cross-border labour migrants by different simple techniques of geostatistics. In the last decade 60-70 thousand foreign citizens were employed yearly in Hungary, of them the majority is coming from the neighbouring countries. This paper is fo cusing on employees coming from Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine, which countries are sending the most people to Hungary.
Territorial Differences of Rural Cities and the Development of Transport Infrastructure in Hungary
2016
Regional disparities can be explored from many aspects, however, most researchers agree in that due to political and economic changes, the former trend of decreasing regional disparities turned back and started to increase rapidly. In the early 2000s, a new structure with more competitive, more innovative areas and also with lagging settlements and areas seem to emerge. As result of the differentiation processes of the past two decades, in comparison with the EU member states, Hungary has the largest gap in GDP per capita among its regions. A little more than 50% of the Hungarian micro-regions have disadvantaged conditions for 30% of the population. Even now, in many studies and disputes, the underand over-valuation of the role of highways are combined with each other. In our opinion, highways have strong, if not the strongest economic stimulus effect and settlements bordering highways formulate a single, coherent cluster. In general, these areas belong to the more developed areas o...
Same or Different Development Paths? A Comparative Study of the Large Cities and Regions in Hungary
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According to specialist literature, the current development of agglomerations is by large urban areas evolving by the expansion and structural transition of larger urban zones, where “the formerly hierarchic division of settlements with a different size and role is replaced by horizontal cooperation, linking into a network” (Enyedi 2012, p. 17). The aim of the present paper is to examine, how equal the domestic large cities and their agglomeration can be considered by their development and competitiveness, and if there is an economic basis for them to cooperate horizontally in a network in the present case. The authors use different methodological approaches to examine the development and competitiveness of cities and their agglomeration, and spatial autocorrelation circumstances to model the economic base of outlined cooperation.
Position and Possibility of Large HungarianTowns in the Hierarchy of the European Towns
programm.corp.at
There is a dual research objective: the position of the large Hungarian towns in the hierarchy of the EU on the other hand their possibilities and development directions. The population of the town dwellers has been gradually increasing during the last decades. It has resulted in the concentration of the new job openings, knowledge and possibilities. But unfortunately this particular trend has implied negative consequences as well. The issues such as sustainable development of towns, converting them places where well-being is guaranteed are both topical questions. The engines of the settlement networks s are such places where resources and activities are concentrated. Towns of the European Union can be arranged in groups based on several criteria. According to the research towns are terminated as European or trans-national towns (called mega) moreover national, regional and local centres (Rechnitzer 2007). Centres in Hungary-comparing to the capital-are significantly smaller settlements representing less population and more modest significance. The population of Budapest is about 2 million. The so called 8 big town's population is about 100-200 thousand.
Regional distribution of immigrants in Hungary - An analytical approach
The study examines the regional peculiarities of immigration in Hungary. We reveal the reasons for immigration and the national differences thereof. We analyse the relations between the share of migrants and the road availability with the help of a road analysis method. The purpose of this study is to analyse the territorial characteristics of those who migrate to our county. We aim to explore the causes of immigration and the national differences of that. With the help of a path analysis we will analyse how the proportion of migrants and public road access relate to each other. So, on one hand the aim of this article is to map the regional situation of Hungary and other hand to give some examples about applications for analysis in migration.
Regional Characteristics of Human Resources in Hungary During the Transition
Discussion Papers, 2006
The territorial examination of human resources and their training institutions was disregarded by the hungarian regional researches. The cause of the time-lag is that data concerning the qualification of the population are connecting to the census, which is carried out in every 10th year and it is not possible to work out reliable analyses on the territorial level (regional, county, in case of some variable settlement) without them. There is rather broad information base on the institutions training human resources. For example information on the network of secondary level education, higher education, their service palette (training directions), quantity development (number of students, teachers), state of supply (equipments), and data can be collected about the rating of institutons (mainly on secondary level) as well (the number of matriculating students). The first part of the study focuses on the relation between human resources and regional development. It sets out that human capacity is a new resource, which has more and more important role in shaping of territorial processes. The authors examine the regional features of human resources in five dimensions. First, they review the human factors like the more important demographical factors, the qualification and the Human Development Index. In case of life quality they analyse the civil society and the regional/local identity. When analysing the change of living conditions they review the role of the info-communication infrastructure in the city network. In the part on knowledge and communication network they study the regional structure and changes of training institutions (from primary school to high education) and research and development. Finally they evaluate the innovation environment of the city network in the transition period. The essay proves that regional disparities can be shown in the human resources, but their character is different from the expected, which can be experienced in the economy or settlement network. To conclude, regional disparities are manifold, the structure is divided by factors and the concentration effects of large centers is quite strong.