Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Fish Assemblages and Influential Environmental Gradients in a West African Basin (Tai National Park, Côte D'ivoire (original) (raw)

Abstract

The ichthyofauna of Hana basin (Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire) was studied during two seasons (rainy and dry seasons) at January 2012 and November 2012. The distribution of fish species was recorded at 7 stations on the Hana basin. Fourty one fish species were collected from 28 genera and 16 families: 4 marine and/or brackish water species (Pellonula leonensis, Pellonula vorax, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon melanotheron). As regards the families and species number, the Siluriform order was contained the most important families and species (31.25% of families and 21.95% of species). They are followed by Characiform (18.75% of families; 19.51% of species), Osteoglossiform (12.50% of families and 14.63% of species) and Cyprinodontiform (12.50% of families and 4.88% of species).The spatial distribution of fish species indicated a more diversified settlement in the main channel of Hana basin. The high value for taxonomic richness was obtained in the dry season. The diversity index varied significantly in both seasons. The quantitative analysis indicated that Schilbeidae, Alestidae and Mormyridae were the main families which dominated Hana basin. In the main channel, Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Fish Assemblages and Influential Environmental Gradients in a West African Basin (Tai National Park, Côte D'ivoire) 146 Schilbeidae was the abundant family while Alestidae and Clariidae were respectively abundant families of Moumo and Meno tributaries. The main environmental factors determining the patterns of fish distribution and assemblage structure in Hana basin were canopy closure, width, sand, depth, mud, temperature, mixed clay-mud, gravel and leaves-wood.

Figures (11)

2.2. Environmental Parameters Figure 1: Map of the Hana River Basin with indication of the sampling sites (S1-S7)

2.2. Environmental Parameters Figure 1: Map of the Hana River Basin with indication of the sampling sites (S1-S7)

21: Spatio-temporal variation of physical and chemical parameters measured in the Hana basin. MW: Mann-Whitney U-test

21: Spatio-temporal variation of physical and chemical parameters measured in the Hana basin. MW: Mann-Whitney U-test

Spatio-temporal variation of physical and chemical parameters measured in the Hana basin. MW: Mann-Whitney U-test - continued 3.2. Taxonomic C omposition and Spatio-T emporal Distribution

Spatio-temporal variation of physical and chemical parameters measured in the Hana basin. MW: Mann-Whitney U-test - continued 3.2. Taxonomic C omposition and Spatio-T emporal Distribution

le2: Fish species collected in the Hana basin during this study. +: presence; F.O: Frequency of occurence

le2: Fish species collected in the Hana basin during this study. +: presence; F.O: Frequency of occurence

Fish species collected in the Hana basin during this study. +: presence; F.O: Frequency of occurence - continued The spatio-temporal variations of taxonomic richness and diversity index were showed by Figures 3 and 4. High values for taxonomic richness and diversity index of Hana basin was obtained in the dry season compared with rainy season. A Mann-Whitney U-test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in species richness between in both seasons. The species richness was high in the main channel during dry season while it was low during rainy season. But, species richness was unchanged in Moumo and Meno tributaries during two seasons. High values for diversity index of Hana basin was obtained in the dry season. A significant difference (Mann-Whitney U-test; p<0.05) was obtained in diversity index. Also, High values for diversity indices were obtained in the dry season for main channel and tributaries.

Fish species collected in the Hana basin during this study. +: presence; F.O: Frequency of occurence - continued The spatio-temporal variations of taxonomic richness and diversity index were showed by Figures 3 and 4. High values for taxonomic richness and diversity index of Hana basin was obtained in the dry season compared with rainy season. A Mann-Whitney U-test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in species richness between in both seasons. The species richness was high in the main channel during dry season while it was low during rainy season. But, species richness was unchanged in Moumo and Meno tributaries during two seasons. High values for diversity index of Hana basin was obtained in the dry season. A significant difference (Mann-Whitney U-test; p<0.05) was obtained in diversity index. Also, High values for diversity indices were obtained in the dry season for main channel and tributaries.

Figure 4: Diversity and richness in the Hana basin: (a) Rainy season and (b) Dry season

Figure 4: Diversity and richness in the Hana basin: (a) Rainy season and (b) Dry season

Figure 5: Numerical proportion of main families collected in the Hana basin. (a) Hana River basin; (b) Mai channel; (c) Moumo tributary; (d) Meno tributary CCA axis I distinguished two main groups of sampling sites: those located in the eastern part of he park (Group A: Site S1, S2 and S6) and those located in the western part of this park (Group B: S3, S4, S5, S7). The stations of group A are characterized by a maximum canopy closure and dominated by leaves-wood and gravel substrates. The species Gymnallables typus, Polypterus palmas, Hemichromis bimaculatus, Heterobranchus isopterus, Marcusenius senegalensis, Hemichromis fasciatus, Barbus trispilos showed a positive association with gravel. Barbus ablabes, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Clarias buettikoferi, Epiplatys olbrechtsi, Limbochromis cavalliensis, Nannocharax fasciatus, Papyrocranus afer, Chromidotilapia guntheri, Doumea chappuisi, Rhexipanchax schioetzi were found at points with leaves-wood is abundant and high closure canopy.

Figure 5: Numerical proportion of main families collected in the Hana basin. (a) Hana River basin; (b) Mai channel; (c) Moumo tributary; (d) Meno tributary CCA axis I distinguished two main groups of sampling sites: those located in the eastern part of he park (Group A: Site S1, S2 and S6) and those located in the western part of this park (Group B: S3, S4, S5, S7). The stations of group A are characterized by a maximum canopy closure and dominated by leaves-wood and gravel substrates. The species Gymnallables typus, Polypterus palmas, Hemichromis bimaculatus, Heterobranchus isopterus, Marcusenius senegalensis, Hemichromis fasciatus, Barbus trispilos showed a positive association with gravel. Barbus ablabes, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Clarias buettikoferi, Epiplatys olbrechtsi, Limbochromis cavalliensis, Nannocharax fasciatus, Papyrocranus afer, Chromidotilapia guntheri, Doumea chappuisi, Rhexipanchax schioetzi were found at points with leaves-wood is abundant and high closure canopy.

ure 6: Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plots showing species (a) and sites (b) distribution in relation to significant environmental variables See Table 2 for species codes. S1-S3: Hana; S4-SS: Moumo; S6-S7: Meno. Dry season would be related to lower levels water of the river which favored capture probability of fish species. In addition, during the dry season, the low availability of food resources in aquatic environment, forced fish species to get out its shelters to search for foods, increasing at the same time their capture probability. +. af “~~ 7 1 . . . 4 4° on . ge fo rr

ure 6: Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plots showing species (a) and sites (b) distribution in relation to significant environmental variables See Table 2 for species codes. S1-S3: Hana; S4-SS: Moumo; S6-S7: Meno. Dry season would be related to lower levels water of the river which favored capture probability of fish species. In addition, during the dry season, the low availability of food resources in aquatic environment, forced fish species to get out its shelters to search for foods, increasing at the same time their capture probability. +. af “~~ 7 1 . . . 4 4° on . ge fo rr

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