Elevated plasma endothelin in patients with diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)

Endothelins in chronic diabetic complications

Canadian journal of physiology and …, 2003

Endothelins are widely distributed in the body and perform several vascular and nonvascular functions. Experimental data indicate abnormalities of the endothelin system in several organs affected in chronic diabetic complications. In support of this notion, it has been shown that endothelin-receptor antagonists prevent structural and functional abnormalities in target organs of diabetic complications in animal models. Alterations of plasma endothelin levels have also been demonstrated in human diabetes. This review discusses the role of endothelins in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. The current experimental evidence suggests that endothelin-receptor antagonism may potentially be an adjuvant therapeutic tool in the treatment of chronic diabetic complications.

Elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels in diabetes mellitus

American journal of hypertension, 2002

This study compares plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension with healthy controls, and investigates whether ET-1 levels are correlated with glycemic control, metabolic parameters, and vascular complications. The study population consisted of 103 patients with type 1 diabetes, 124 patients with type 2 diabetes, 35 hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus, and 99 controls. Plasma ET-1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes (0.28 +/- 0.34 fmol/mL, P =.001), type 2 diabetes (0.31 +/- 0.32 fmol/mL, P <.0001), and hypertension (0.35 +/- 0.26 fmol/mL, P <.0001) compared to controls (0.08 +/- 0.13 fmol/mL). Diabetic patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had significantly lower plasma ET-1 levels than patients without (0.22 +/- 0.20 fmol/mL v 0.38 +/- 0.39 fmol/mL, P =.029). There were significant associations between ET-1 levels and age (r = 0.38, P <.05) and systolic blo...

Alteration of endothelins: a common pathogenetic mechanism in chronic diabetic complications

Experimental …, 2002

Endothelin (ET) peptides perform several physiological, vascular, and nonvascular functions and are widely distributed in a number of tissues. They are altered in several disease processes including diabetes. Alteration of ETs have been demonstrated in organs of chronic diabetic complications in both experimental and clinical studies. The majority of the effects of ET alteration in diabetes are due to altered vascular function. Furthermore, ET antagonists have been shown to prevent structural and functional changes induced by diabetes in animal models. This review discusses the contribution of ETs in the pathogenesis and the potential role of ET antagonism in the treatment of chronic diabetic complications.

Plasma endothelin-1 levels and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Medicinski pregled, 2016

Introduction. Microalbuminuria is a very important independent risk factor for the progression of renal diseases as well as diseases of the cardiovascular system. Pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the development of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes are complex and they are a result of numerous factors. In the past decade, endothelin-1, the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide, was identified as an important factor that significantly contributes to the functional and structural renal changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma concentration of endothelin-1 and urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods. There were 76 patients with type 2 diabetes who were divided into those having normoalbuminuria (n=33), microalbuminuria (n=29), and macroalbuminuria (n=14), and 30 healthy controls. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Ther...

Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia are potent inducers of endothelin-1 release in humans

Diabetes, 1996

The purpose of the study was to evaluate fasting endothelin-1 levels in subjects with syndrome X, in subjects with insulinoma, and in normal subjects. The single and synergistic contributions of insulin and triglyceride levels to endothelin-1 release were studied in normal subjects. This was achieved by the evaluation of endothelin-1 levels in response to an insulin bolus combined with a euglycemic clamp (protocol A) and during intralipid (test 1) or saline (test 2) infusions lasting 360 min (protocol B). In protocol B, a euglycemic two-step hyperinsulinemic (25 and 125 mU-kg" 1^"1) clamp was started at 120 min. Subjects with syndrome X showed significantly higher endothelin-1 levels than normal subjects and subjects with insulinoma (7.22 ± 0.89 vs. 2.61 ± 0.38 and 2.49 ± 0.24 pg/ml, P < 0.01). After an insulin bolus, endothelin-1 levels peaked at 10 min (3.71 ± 0.96 pg/ml). The incremental area of endothelin-1 was significantly higher after insulin than after a saline bolus. In test 1, an acute increase in triglyceride levels significantly enhanced endothelin-1 levels, which were further increased by the synergistic contribution of high insulin and triglyceride levels. In test 2, endothelin-1 release was achieved at high insulin levels but remained significantly lower than in test 1. In conclusion, subjects with syndrome X showed higher endothelin-1 levels than normal subjects and subjects with insulinoma. These levels were reproduced in normal subjects by a simultaneous increase in insulin and triglyceride levels. Diabetes 45:316^321, 1996 C onsiderable attention has recently been placed on the potential role of endothelin-1 in vascular disease, since endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells (1-4). Increased endothelin-1 levels were described in a variety of pathological conditions, including essential hypertension (5-9), uremia (8), ischemic heart disease (9-11), and atherosclerosis (12). Endothelin-1 levels were also found at higher levels in patients with diabetes (13,14), although these data were not confirmed by others (15). The presence of low circulating endothelin-1 levels reported in some studies might be related to the predominant From the Istituto Scientiflco H.

Role of Endothelin in Diabetic Vascular Complications

Endocrine, 2001

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21 amino acid peptide originally purified from conditioned medium of cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells, is recognized as a product of many other cells as well. It is now known that there are three endothelin genes in the human genome (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3). ET-1 and ET-2 are both strong vasoconstrictors, whereas ET-3 is a potentially weaker vasoconstrictor than the other two isoforms. Besides being the most potent vasoconstrictor yet known, ET-1 also acts as a mitogen on the vascular smooth muscle, and, thus, it may play a role in the development of vascular diseases. It is well known that accelerated angiopathy is a major complication in diabetes mellitus. As generalized endothelial cell damage is thought to occur in diabetic patients, ET-1, being released from the damaged endothelial cells, is able to make contact with the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells and thus could be one important cause of diabetic angiopathy. This article summarizes the reported literature of the role of ET-1 in the development of diabetic complications, with particular focus on the possible role of ET-1 in mediating the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Endothelin in health and disease

Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences / Udruženje basičnih mediciniskih znanosti = Association of Basic Medical Sciences, 2004

Endothelin is a recently discovered peptide composed of 21 amino acids. There are three endothelin isomers: endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2) and endothelin- 3 (ET-3). In humans and animals levels of ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and big endothelin in blood range from 0,3 to 3 pg/ml. ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3 act by binding to receptors. Two main types of the receptors for endothelins exist and they are referred to as A and B type receptors. Different factors can stimulate or inhibit production of endothelin by endothelial cells. Mechanical stimulation of endothelium, thrombin, calcium ions, epinephrine, angiotensin II, vasopressin, dopamine, cytokines, growth factors stimulate the production of endothelin whereas nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, atrial natriuretic peptide, prostacyclin, bradykinin inhibit its production. Endothelins have different physiological roles in human body but at the same time their actions are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The aim of this...