Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis (original) (raw)
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The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence of renal calculus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones. Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present in 146 stones.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1978
The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence of renal calcalus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones. Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present in 146 stones.
International Surgery Journal
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition of urinary stones and pattern of changes according to the patient's demographic and geographical distribution.Methods: 150 patients of upper tract urolithiasis were prospectively selected during the study period. Chemical composition was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. A subgroup study based on the patient's age, sex and geographical origin was done. For subgroup analysis patients were divided into two age groups; group A (5-18 years, 14 patients) and group B (>18 years, 136 patients). The geographical origin of the patients was recorded according to the administrative division.Results: Male were predominant in all age groups with ratio of 2.49:1. Most of the patients were from Rangpur (28.67%) and Mymensingh (20.67) division. Mixed composition stones were much more common than pure one (75.99% vs 24.01%). Overall, combination of calcium oxalate monohydrate with dehydrate was the most common composit...
Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in Patients with Urolithiasis in Sana’a, Yemen
This study was aimed to identify of chemical composition of kidney stones of patient in Sana’a, Yemen because the lack of research done in this field. The study was integrated within the clinical practice. Patients, mothers or child's guardian received a simple explanation for the aim of the study as an ethical issue. 581 samples of chemical compositions were collected andanalyzed in the National Center for Public Health Laboratories Sana'a, Yemen according to qualitative method. The results showedthat 54.6 % of the calcium oxalate, 6.3 % of the uric acid, 0.7 % of the calcium phosphate, 29.6 % of the calcium oxalate and uric acid, 6.7 of the calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, 1 % calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate, 0.5 % of the calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid, 0.5 % of the calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate and uric acid, and 0.2 % calcium phosphate and uric acid. In conclusion, calcium oxalate was the most predominant chemical compositions in stones and it represents common urological problem in Sana’a, Yemen.
Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 2024
Urolithiasis, a common condition in Pakistan, has seen a recent decline in prevalence due to improved living standards. Major causes include structural abnormalities and metabolic disorders. The study was conducted at Tertiary care Hospitals, Peshawar with 1450 participants from November 2022 to March 2023, revealed risk factors like Rice (72%), Carbonated Drinks (67%), Spinach (53%), Potato (92%), Pulses (82%), Smoking (43%), and Sweets (100%). Clinical symptoms included abdominal pain (81%), vomiting (53%), and urination pain (76%), blood in urine (83%), nausea (97%), fever (85%), polyuria (63%), pyuria (59%), hematuria (54%), and dehydration (23%). Blood group analysis showed B+ (45.3%) and O+ (32%) as most prevalent, with a strong correlation (rs = 0.96429, p = 0.00045) between blood group and urolithiasis. Stone composition included Ca. Oxalate (623), amorphous crystals (128), and Ca. Phosphate (521).
URINARY STONES IN SOUTHERN INDIA: BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Background: Urinary stones are the most common cause of acute and chronic urinary failure with an estimated prevalance of 20%. Studying the chemical composition of urinary stones forms an integral part of managing patients with urinary stones. Limited data is available about the urinary stone composition in patient populations in Southern India. Methods: Clinical charts of patients who were admitted and later underwent surgery for urinary stones, between May 1, 2009 and April 30, 2010, at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, were included in the study. Data were collected from the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory. All blood paramters were analysed in Chemistry-Immuno Analyzers Olympus AU680 and Olympus AU2700. Results: In 176 patients, who were included in the study, mean age 38.7 years, renal stones were most common, followed by ureteric and bladder stones. Calcium and oxalate were the most common constituents of urinary stones. 32% of the patients had above normal serum creatinine values and 36% of the patients had above normal uric acid levels. The second most common stone composition was calcium phosphate. Extremely high values of serum calcium (>12mg/dL) were found in only 3% of the patients. Conclusion: Apart from chemical analysis of urinary stones, obtainig various blood parameters also would help clinicians in managing a patient in a holistic manner. Data presented in this study may help healthcare policy makers to look through the risk factors for urinary stone formation in this particular geographical area.
EPIDEMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UROLITHIASIS IN KASHMIR DIVISION AND RELATION TO SOURCE OF WATER
Objective: urinary composition, symptomology, diagnostic modality and relation of urolithiasis to water source in patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir di Methods: hospital were analyzed by enzymatic and spectrophotometric technique to measure the concentration of calcium, magnesium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid an Results: group. The youngest patient was 14 yrs old and the olde enrolled for study were males 119(64%) and females were 67(36%) .Patients enrolled were from different districts of Jammu and Kashmir, but most of the patients belonged to rural areas. Most of the patients had flank obstruction (11.8%) and incidental asymptomatic patients with urolithiasis (10.2%). Most common diagnostic modality used was USG (83%), PUJ/VUJ small calculi. On metabolic evaluation of 24 hour urinary constituents in our study group of 186 patients,113 (60.8%) patients were having hypercalciuria as predominant urinary abnormality with Mean ± SD 9.41±2.07 which was persistently higher than n significant variation on the basis of gender. Hypocitraturia was the second most common abnormality found in 112 (60%) stone formers with Mean ±SD of 1.32±0.18 which is usually not found normally, but was predominately found amo concentration of uric acid were seen in 48(25.8%) stone formers which were again found to be statistically significant and their propensity was more in male gender. Urinary phosphate and oxalate concentration were raised in stone formers in 88 (47.3%) and 42 (25.3%) patients with Mean ± SD of 42.32±1.87 and 41.58±5.45 respectively. Hypomagnesuria was seen in 94 (50.5%) patients more in females as compared to males. Conclusion: represent common urological problem and is correlated with the nutritional, environmental and genetic factors.
2016
Background: There are many reports regarding renal stone disease, which have documented that it is a complex disease process and widely distributed in developed as well as developing world with varied chemical constitution of these stones in relation to a varied risk factors. The present study was designed to qualitatively investigate the chemical constitution of the renal stones in the rural population of South Solapur, Maharashtra and also to study the dietary habits and water used for drinking purpose in renal stone patients. Method: The study was conducted on a total of 130 renal stone patients, comprising 90 males and 40 females, selected from Results: The analysis of chemical composition of renal stones showed that all the analysed stones were of different types. Carbonate was predominantly present (96.1%) which was followed by uric acid (94.6%), calcium (92.3%), phosphate (83.8%), oxalate (52.3%), ammonia (44.6%) and cystine (23.0%). The relative frequency of urolithiasis was more (67.6%) in patients who used ground water for drinking purpose as well as in those with a non-vegetarian diet (73.8%). Conclusion: The study concludes that simple qualitative chemical analysis helps us to evaluate chemical composition of renal stones and serves as a reliable diagnostic marker. Thus it can be useful in advising people for taking preventive measures.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of urolithiasis in relation to patients six, age, and anatomical distribution of stones and to assess the chemical composition of urinary stones qualitatively to identify common type of urinary stone which prevalence in Nasiriyah city and how can provide the recurrence of stone formation if possible. Methods: Forty-four calculi obtained from 29 males and 15 females afflicted with Urolithiasis and admitted at Al Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar governorate, Nasiriyah city, Iraq, from July 2010 to September 2011. Their ages ranged from 30 to 60 year. All samples analyzed qualitatively for ammonia, magnesium, phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, carbonate, calcium salts (oxalate and non-oxalate), uric acid, xanthine, and cystine by adopting standard methods. Results: The study results showed that, the prevalence of stones was more in males (65.91%) than females (34.09%) with male to female ratio of 1.93:1 and the high occurrence in patients aged from 30 to 50 years. The anatomical distribution of urinary stones showed high percent in kidneys 52.27 % (23 patients) and bladder 47.73 % (21 patients), but it is absent in ureters and urethral (0.00 %). All the stones were of mixed type, of these stones contained 42 (95.46 %) calcium salts (oxalate and non oxalate), uric acid, and ammonium ion, 41(93.18 %) phosphate, 33 (75.00%) magnesium and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 29 (65.91%) carbonate, 26 (50.00) xanthine, and 7 (15.91 %) cystine. In addition, there are no differences in the chemical combustion between kidneys and bladder stones. Conclusion: Urolithiasis in Nasiriyah is a problem with high frequency in men than women and usually described as more frequent in age ranged 30 to 50 year and in kidneys and bladder than ureters and urethral. The majority of urinary stones types had a mixed type in which calcium salts (oxalate and non-oxalate), uric acid, ammonia phosphate and struvite were the predominant constituents related that both the metabolic disturbances and bacterial infection causes, which have the same majority and effect in the stone formation.
Evaluation of urinary abnormalities in urolithiasis patients: A study from North India
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2003
Metabolic abnormalities were investigated in 44 stone patients with first time (group 1) and 56 with 2 times stone formation (group 2), and in 25 normal individuals. 24hr urine was analysed spectrophotometrically for oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate, uric acid, phosphate and creatinine. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria were the common abnormalities in the stone formers. Stone patients had significantly higher urinary oxalate, calcium and uric acid and lower phosphate than normal individuals. Citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio were significantly high in normal individuals than stone formers. Patients in group 2 excreted significantly higher urinary calcium and lower citrate that patients in group 1. Citrate/calcium ratio was higher in group 1 than group 2. Hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria and increased citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio seem to be an essential risk factor for stone formation. Patients with recurrent stone formation could be distingu...