Phylogeny of African Myotis Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) Inferred from Cytochrome b Sequences (original) (raw)
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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004
Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene are reported from bats of the genus Myotis including species of the endemic southern African subgenus Cistugo, Myotis (Cistugo) sebrai and Myotis (Cistugo) lesueuri. We also examined Myotis annectans from Southeast Asia, and Myotis macropus from Australia. The two species of Cistugo and Myotis annectans represent the only species of Myotis to differ in chromosome number from the common 2n = 44 found in >40 species. Our results show that the two species of Cistugo are more divergent from the other species of Myotis than several other well-recognized genera and we recommend elevating Cistugo to full generic rank. Myotis annectans groups well within Myotis, clustering with other Southeast Asian and Japanese species, and thus represents the only species of Myotis known to have diverged from the common 2n = 44 karyotype. Myotis macropus clusters within a clade that includes Southeast Asian species.
Journal of Mammalogy, 2010
The genus Myotis has undergone significant taxonomic revision since the advent of DNA sequencing techniques. Prior morphological examination of Myotis has indicated as many as 4 subgenera correlated with foraging strategies. Recent studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data have questioned the validity of these subgenera and have indicated that several taxa may require reevaluation as to their position within Vespertilionidae. Nevertheless, no study has used large-scale nuclear DNA sequencing to examine relationships within Myotis. We generated 4,656 base pairs (bp) of nuclear intron (PRKC1, STAT5A, and THY) and exon (APOB, DMP1, and RAG2) sequence data in addition to 2,866 bp of mtDNA sequence data to test previously hypothesized subgeneric groupings of Myotis. We included 21 species of Myotis from all morphological subgenera previously suggested, representatives of all subfamilies and tribes currently recognized in Vespertilionidae, and multiple representatives of all other families currently included in the superfamily Vespertilionoidea. We also included a representative of the rare African genus Cistugo, because significant doubt exists about its familial position. Our phylogenetic analyses did not support the morphologically defined Myotis subgenera and confirm that morphological similarities among Myotis are the result of convergent evolution. Divergence estimates derived from the total data set were concordant with previous studies, suggesting a middle Miocene trans-Beringian dispersal from Asia colonized North America, with subsequent South American colonization and diversification prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3-4 million years ago. Myotis latirostris fell outside of Myotis, and the high genetic distance separating it from other Myotis suggested that M. latirostris represented a distinct genus. The genus Cistugo, previously a subgenus within Myotis, fell basal to all vespertilionids, with a high genetic distance separating it from Vespertilionidae. We conclude that Cistugo should constitute a distinct family within Vespertilionoidea.
Molecular phylogenetics ofMyotisindicate familial-level divergence for the genusCistugo(Chiroptera)
Journal of Mammalogy, 2010
The genus Myotis has undergone significant taxonomic revision since the advent of DNA sequencing techniques. Prior morphological examination of Myotis has indicated as many as 4 subgenera correlated with foraging strategies. Recent studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data have questioned the validity of these subgenera and have indicated that several taxa may require reevaluation as to their position within Vespertilionidae. Nevertheless, no study has used large-scale nuclear DNA sequencing to examine relationships within Myotis. We generated 4,656 base pairs (bp) of nuclear intron (PRKC1, STAT5A, and THY) and exon (APOB, DMP1, and RAG2) sequence data in addition to 2,866 bp of mtDNA sequence data to test previously hypothesized subgeneric groupings of Myotis. We included 21 species of Myotis from all morphological subgenera previously suggested, representatives of all subfamilies and tribes currently recognized in Vespertilionidae, and multiple representatives of all other families currently included in the superfamily Vespertilionoidea. We also included a representative of the rare African genus Cistugo, because significant doubt exists about its familial position. Our phylogenetic analyses did not support the morphologically defined Myotis subgenera and confirm that morphological similarities among Myotis are the result of convergent evolution. Divergence estimates derived from the total data set were concordant with previous studies, suggesting a middle Miocene trans-Beringian dispersal from Asia colonized North America, with subsequent South American colonization and diversification prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3-4 million years ago. Myotis latirostris fell outside of Myotis, and the high genetic distance separating it from other Myotis suggested that M. latirostris represented a distinct genus. The genus Cistugo, previously a subgenus within Myotis, fell basal to all vespertilionids, with a high genetic distance separating it from Vespertilionidae. We conclude that Cistugo should constitute a distinct family within Vespertilionoidea.
Lynx new series
The Geoffroy’s bat, Myotis emarginatus, is the only species distributed in the Palaearctic belonging to the African clade of the genus Myotis. It occurs extensively across several ecologic zones of Europe, north-western Africa, and western and central Asia, and hence it was considered to be a polytypic species. Only one subspecies was reported from Europe and North Africa, up to four subspecies were recognised in Asia. However, the validity of particular taxa as well as the systematic positions of different populations remained ambiguous. Here we present a revision of the intraspecific phylogenetic structure of M. emarginatus based on combination of the available results of a molecular genetic analysis with the results of a thorough morphologic examination of an extensive specimen set from almost the whole range of its distribution. The previously described geographic variability in the mitochondrial markers demonstrated grouping of haplotypes of M. emarginatus into three main linea...
Myotis muricola is a widespread species covering the Malay Archipelago through the West and East of Wallace’s Line. The genetic analysis, based on partial cytochrome b gene, shows the high genetic variation within M. muricola. The phylogenetic analysis has indicated that M. muricola in the Malay Archipelago are monophyletic. Members of M. muricola Eastern are grouped together independently of M. muricola Western and both groups are distantly related. On the other hand, M. muricola Western and M. muricola Eastern are distinct species and sister taxa to M. mystacinus. Based on the high genetic distance (26.8% to 38.5%) and the Genetic Species Concept (Baker & Bradley, 2006), it can be concluded that M. muricola Western and M. muricola Eastern should be considered as two distinct species. Furthermore, two subgroups within M. muricola Western, namely Sumatra-Asian and Bornean subgroups, are recognised as distinct subspecies (with genetic distance of 5.1% to 10.8%). The evidence from the molecular data indicated M. muricola Eastern as the ancestor of M. muricola species complex in the Malay Archipelago, which had earlier diverged into the western region during the Pliocene. Meanwhile, the geographical conditions during the Pleistocene had given more chances for fauna to diversify. It was predicted that M. muricola diverged in the western part of the Malay Archipelago during the Pleistocene when the sea level dropped and produced some landbridges among the islands in Sundaland. The hypothetical dispersal routes of M. muricola are related to the ancient Sunda River systems that produced gallery forest corridors for migration and which served as Pleistocene refuges during the migration. Phylogeny and Phylogeography of insect bat Myotis muricola (Gray, 1846) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the West and and East of Wallace's Line Inferred from Partial MtDNA Cytochrome b Gene. Sigit Wiantoro, Ibnu Maryanto and M.T. Abdullah. 2012. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 35(2): 271-292. Scopus Index. Voted best paper 3 September 2012.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2007
Recent studies have shown that species in the genus Myotis have evolved a number of convergent morphological traits, many of which are more related to their mode of food procurement than to their phylogeny. Surprisingly, the biogeographic origins of these species are a much better predictor of phylogenetic relationships, than their morphology. In particular, a monophyletic clade that includes all New World species was apparent, but only a third of the 38 species have been analysed. In order to better understand the evolution of this clade, we present phylogenetic reconstructions of 17 Nearctic and 13 Neotropical species of Myotis compared to a number of Old World congeners. These reconstructions are based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (1140 bp), and nuclear Rag 2 genes (1148 bp). Monophyly of the New World clade is strongly supported in all analyses. Two Palaearctic sister species, one from the west (M. brandtii) and one from the east (M. gracilis), are embedded within the New World clade, suggesting that they either moved across the Bering Strait, or that they descended from the same ancestor that reached the New World. An emerging feature of these phylogenetic reconstructions is that limited faunal exchanges have occurred, including between the North and South American continents, further emphasizing the importance of biogeography in the radiation of Myotis. A fossil-calibrated, relaxed molecular-clock model was used to estimate the divergence time of New World lineages to 12.2 § 2.0 MYA. Early diversiWcation of New World Myotis coincides with the sharp global cooling of the Middle Miocene. Radiation of the temperate-adapted Myotis may have been triggered by these climatic changes. The relative paucity of species currently found in South America might result from a combination of factors including the early presence of competitors better adapted to tropical habitats.
Acta Chiropterologica, 2005
A combined approach based on the complex use of molecular, morphological and ecological data has shown that the 'eastern' group of forms of transpalearctic Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), deserves a status of distinct species, and conforms to M. petax, described by Hollister in 1912 from the Republic of Altai in the south of Western Siberia. In our genetic analysis we used SINEs (short interspersed elements) of nuclear DNA as genetic markers, and by means of Inter-SINE-PCR, have clearly demonstrated a species distinctiveness of M. petax. Our further analysis has also shown, that they considerably differ from M. daubentonii s.str. in skull proportions, dental features, as well as in bacular shape and size. Both species also differ in their ecology and general appearance, especially coloration.
Karyotype of Myotis lavali (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae
Journal of Bat Research and Conservation, 2021
Myotis lavali is an insectivorous bat that occurs along the South American Dry Diagonal, extending from the Brazilian Caatinga southward to Paraguayan Alto Chaco. This species was described recently and there is little information about its biology. Herein, we describe the conventional karyotype from three males captured in an arboreal savanna from Vale do Jequitinhonha, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The diploid number (2n) and the fundamental number of autosomes (FNa) were 44 and 50, respectively. Its karyotype, in Giemsa staining, is similar to others described for Neotropical Myotis, and it is not useful to identify specimens.
The identity of Myotis punensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Zoologia, 2011
Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) comprises a diverse group of small to large-sized vespertilionid bats with a worldwide distribution, including more than one hundred species (SIMMONS 2005). Twelve South American species are recognized currently (WILSON 2008). Nevertheless, about 60 names have been proposed for South American Myotis since the description of the first species from that continent, Myotis albescens (É. Geoffroy, 1806), more than two centuries ago. Among them, Myotis punensis J.A. Allen, 1914 was described based on a single specimen from Isla Puna, Ecuador. MILLER & ALLEN (1928) regarded the name Myotis punensis as a junior synonym of Myotis albescens. Later LAVAL (1973) identified the holotype of M. punensis as M. nigricans (Schinz, 1821). LAVAL (1973) applied the name Myotis punensis to populations of M. nigricans from lowland localities on the west side of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, recognizing them at the subspecific level as M. nigricans punensis J.A. Allen, 1914. Subsequently, BOGAN (1978) refuted the distinctness of those populations and recommended that the name Myotis nigricans punensis should be relegated to the synonymy of Myotis nigricans nigricans, but without examining the holotype of M. punensis. BOGAN'S (1978) suggestion was followed by SIMMONS (2005) and WILSON (2008), who considered Myotis punensis a junior synonym of Myotis nigricans. As part of an ongoing systematic and biogeographic review of South American species of Myotis and in order to further investigate the identity of M. punensis, we compared its holotype with the South American species of Myotis currently recognized. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the taxonomic status of M. punensis by comparing its holotype (AMNH 36263) to the currently recognized South American species of Myotis, represented by their type specimens, original descriptions, redescriptions provided by LAVAL (1973) and comparative series from different localities. The type specimens used in comparisons were: M. albescens