Languages’ sound inventories: the devil in the details (original) (raw)

2009, Approaches to Phonological Complexity

AI-generated Abstract

The paper critiques and expands upon the traditional understanding of sound inventories in languages, particularly consonantal systems. It contests the notion that consonants are arranged to maximize perceptual distinctness, proposing instead that sound inventories often demonstrate a principle of maximum utilization of available distinctive features, leading to greater auditory similarity among consonants. Historical examples are provided, illustrating how sound change contributes to the evolution of segment inventories, and it argues for a nuanced view of feature re-use that does not always align with minimal cost augmentation.

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Vowels as islands of reliability

Journal of Memory and Language, 1987

Vowel nuclei of syllables appear to provide a relatively stable (although not stationary) frame of reference for judging consonant events. We offer evidence that reliable consonant identification demands prior or simultaneous evaluation of this "vocalic frame." Listeners were presented a list of /bVs/, ldVsl. and lgVsl syllables and were instructed to press a response key immediately upon recognizing a particular initial consonant target. Three groups of subjects monitored for /bl, /d., and /gl, respectively. The test syllables contained 10 English vowels varying substantially in intrinsic duration. Response times to the initial consonants correlated positively with the duration of the following vowels. even when the effect of consonant-vowel formant transition duration was partialed out. The results suggest that consonant recognition is vowel dependent and. specifically. that a certain amount or proportion of the vowel formant trajectory must be evaluated before consonants can be reliably identified. r{; 1987 Academic Prt:�s. Inc A recurrent finding in speech research is that the perceptual interpretation of conso nant cues may depend critically on infor mation about the following vowel. To take an example from the early literature, Li berman, Delattre, and Cooper (1952) re ported that a brief filtered noise burst (cen tered at about 1440 Hz) was typically per ceived as /p/ in front of a steady state Iii or lui, but as /k/ in front of a steady state /a/. More recently, Mann and Repp (1980) found an effect of the following vowel on the identification of a noise segment that was perceptually intermediate between /s/ and /fl. The segment was more likely to be labeled /s/ before lui than before /a/. These perceptual effects may be ex plained in terms of the listener's implicit knowledge of the normal acoustic conse

Phonetically Based Phonology

2008

List of contributors List of abbreviations 1. Introduction: the phonetic bases of phonological Markedness Bruce Hayes and Donca Steriade 2. A review of perceptual cues and cue robustness Richard Wright 3. Place assimilation Jongho Jun 4. The typology of rounding harmony Abigail R. Kaun 5. The evolution of metathesis Juliette Blevins and Andrew Garrett 6. The role of contrast-specific and language-specific phonetics in contour tone distribution Jie Zhang 7. Vowel reduction Katherine M. Crosswhite 8. Contrast and perceptual distinctiveness Edward Flemming 9. Syllable weight Matthew Gordon 10. Consonant lenition Robert Kirchner 11. Language processing and segmental OCP effects Stefan A. Frisch Index.

2002): Subphonemic and suballophonic consonant variation: The role of the phoneme inventory

2015

Consonants exhibit more variation in their phonetic realization than is typically acknowledged, but that variation is linguistically constrained. Acoustic analysis of both read and spontaneous speech reveals that consonants are not necessarily realized with the manner of articulation they would have in careful citation form. Although the variation is wider than one would imagine, it is limited by the phoneme inventory. The phoneme inventory of the language restricts the range of variation to protect the system of phonemic contrast. That is, consonants may stray phonetically into unfilled areas of the language's sound space. Listeners are seldom consciously aware of the consonant variation, and perceive the consonants phonemically as in their citation forms. A better understanding of surface phonetic consonant variation can help make predictions in theoretical domains and advances in applied domains. 1 Consonant variation The consonant variation of interest here goes beyond well...

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