Lead Concentrations and Isotopic Signatures in Vintages of French Wine between 1950 and 1991 (original) (raw)
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Use of Lead Isotopic Ratios as Geographical Tracer for Lambrusco PDO Wines
Molecules, 2020
In this study, the lead isotope signature was tested with the aim to verify its potential as geographic tracer for wine production and particularly for the Lambrusco PDO wines of the province of Modena (Italy). A solid phase extraction procedure, for separating lead from the investigated matrices, soil and wine, was optimized. Furthermore, different mathematical models, based on an exponential law and internal or external correction approach, were evaluated for the correction of instrumental mass dependent fractionation. The optimized analytical procedure yielded isotopic ratio data relative to the lead NIST 981 standard, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.16664 and 207Pb/206Pb = 0.914645, in good agreement both with the tabulated values and with the most recent literature data. Measured isotope ratio data highlight the contribute of multiple lead sources in bottled wine but different from the one present in soils.
Lead isotopic signatures of wine and vineyard soils—tracers of lead origin
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2006
The Pb contents and 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb isotopic ratios were studied in the soils and wines (2004 harvest) of three vineyard areas of the Czech Republic. The areas differ in their geological basements and anthropogenic loading. The isotopic compositions of wine in areas with intensive industry (Most, North Bohemia 206Pb/207Pbwine=1.178±0.004) and the agricultural areas of Central Bohemia (Roudnice nad Labem
Elemental Content and Lead-Strontium Isotope Characterization of Wine
Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia, 2018
Pb and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopes from wines was performed for establishing reliable markers for wine geographical origin. For all tested wine samples, the toxic metals contents were found in quantities below the limits imposed by legislation. The highest concentration of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) was found in red wine Cabernet Sauvignon [Cd (0.14±0.01 µg/L) (2013)], followed by the same variety of wine from 2012 [Cd (0.14±0.03 µg/L)], in case of Pb the highest concentration was recorded by Merlot [Pb (54.33±1.00 µg/L) (2011)] followed by the same variety of wine but from 2012 [Cd (51.20±1.19 µg/L). Concerning the concentration of the elements in the white wine, it can be noticed that they recorded close concentration as red wine, Muscat Ottonel [Cd (0.12±0.01 µg/L) (2011)], Feteasca Alba [Cd (0.12±0.01 µg/L) (2012)], in case of Pb from white wines the highest concentration was recorded by Feteasca Alba [Pb (52.07±0.50 µg/L) (2012)], Feteasca Regala [Cd (52.29±1.00 µg/L) (2012)]. The highest mean of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio was obtained at Feteasca Neagra variety [0.726±0.004 (0.575%, 2014)] and Muscat Ottonel variety [0.723±0.003 (0.416 % 2016)]. A possible explanation for the higher mean of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ration for wine can be
South Africa is producing a substantial amount of wine to be consumed locally and abroad. However, lead content in wine is one of the main challenges that wine industries need to control in order to keep it under the recommended limit. Sixty one wine samples from different wine origins in the Western Cape with vintages from 1986 to 2013 were obtained and analysed. Only dry red wines were analysed since they can be stored and matured over a long period. The lead content in old wine from 1986 to 1999 ranged from 0, 0394 to 1,22 mg/L with a mean value of 0,058 mg/L. The newer wines from 2000 to 2013 showed a comparatively lower lead content from 0 (< 0,008 mg/L detectable) to 0,033 mg/L with the median of 0,017 mg/L.
Journal of Wine Research, 1998
Several studies have suggested that intake of alcoholic beverages contributes significantly to the concentration of lead in blood. We have undertaken a pilot case-control study using high-precision lead isotopes to evaluate the contribution to blood lead when a normal quantity of wine is consumed with a meal and compared this with consumption under fasting conditions. White wine dosed with a 207 Pb tracer was consumed with a meal and under fasting conditions, and blood, urine and faeces were monitored for up to 4 months. Approximately equal proportions of unspiked red and white wine were consumed over the 4 months by the subject and a female subject residing in the same household. The blood lead concentration of the case subject was 4.1 μg dl-1 and 3.4 μg dl-1 in the control subject. No increase in the concentration of lead in blood for the wine consumed with a meal was detectable, but there was an approximately 6% increase in blood lead concentration for wine consumed under fasting conditions. When consumed with a meal, the percentage absorption at 24 h was only 2.3%, compared with approximately 34% under fasting conditions. For the consumption of wine with a meal, the half-life for uptake of lead from the wine was 8.6± 1.7 h with a rate constant of 0.081 ± 0.016/h and the clearance of lead from blood had a half-life of 23 days with a rate constant of 0.21/week. For consumption of wine under fasting conditions, the half-life was 5.4 ± 1.5 h with a rate constant of 0.13 ± 0.04/h. An additional control was possible because of marked difference in the ratios of the white wine compared with the prevailing Australian isotopic signature. Over the 4 months of the trial, there was no detectable change in the other isotopic ratios in both subject and control, confirming the minimal uptake of lead from wine when consumed with food.
On the determination of lead in wine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Central European Journal of Chemistry, 2007
The parameters of analytical procedures developed for direct ETAAS determination of Pb in wine are discussed. Atomic absorption spectrometers based on transversal and longitudinal Zeeman effect, wall and integrated platform atomization with two main approaches: (i) measurements in the presence of modifier and (ii) measurements without using any modifier are compared. The optimal temperature programs are defined according to the pre-treatment and atomization curves constructed in the presence of different types of wines. For all investigated instrumental systems, 1:1 dilution of wine sample with 0.2 mol L −1 HNO 3 is recommended. Matrix interferences observed, call for standard addition calibration method for Pb quantification in wines. The detection limit (3σ) achieved for wine diluted in the ratio of 1:1 varied from 0.8 to 1.9 μg L −1 depending on the instrument used. The relative standard deviation for the concentration range of 10 to 80 μg L −1 Pb in wine is typically between 4-8%. The accuracy of the analytical procedures recommended was confirmed by comparing the results obtained with those found for wine samples previously digested with HNO 3 -H 2 O 2 mixture, by added/found method and by parallel analysis using different instruments. A total of 66 wine samples from different regions of Macedonia were analyzed.
Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences, 2015
Lead isotope ratios provide analytical information related to the source of lead contamination in naturally occurring samples. On the other hand, these measurements can provide useful information for routine means of “fingerprinting” the components grown in different habitats. Small Pb isotope abundance variation occurs in nature and the isotopic composition of lead in the environment is dependent on the local pollution sources. In this study, inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate whether this chemical application can offer a reliable and practical solution to the problem of the polyatomic overlap in the presence of organic based matrix samples. The study summarizes the instrument optimization procedure for Pb isotope measurements in wine and edible oil samples. Also, the isotopic ratios were presented for samples from same and from different geographical region. The total lead concentration in wine samples ranges from 3.74-16.3 μg/L, not...
Talanta, 2008
A method has been developed for the determination of lead in wine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry without any sample preparation and calibration against aqueous standards, using 7.5 g Pd as a chemical modifier. The results obtained for seven wines using the proposed method and an acid digestion procedure did not show any significant difference using a Student's t-test. Atomization in a transversally heated filter atomizer (THFA) was compared with atomization in a conventional transversally heated platform furnace. The former provided a 2.6-fold higher sensitivity, improving the characteristic mass from 34 to 12 pg and a 1.6-fold better limit of detection (0.3 g L −1 compared to 0.5 g L −1 ) for aqueous solutions using the same injection volume of 20 L. However, the average precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation for the determination of lead in wine under routine conditions was improved from 4.6% with platform atomization to 0.6% in the THFA. The lead content found in seven arbitrarily chosen white and red wines, five from Brazil, one from Chile and one from Spain, ranged from 6 to 60 g L −1 Pb with an average content of 11.4 g L −1 Pb for the wines from South America.
Isotopic evidence of pollutant lead sources in Northwestern France
Atmospheric …, 1999
Ratios of stable lead isotopes (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) are used to characterize both spatial and temporal variations in anthropogenic emissions of industrial lead aerosols to the atmosphere of northwestern France. Differences in isotopic compositions of aerosols collected from a rural area (Wimereux) in the Nord-Pas de Calais region along the English Channel in 1982–1983 (206Pb/207Pb=1.108±0.005) and 1994 (206Pb/207Pb=1.148±0.003) are paralleled by similar variations in urban aerosols within France during the same period (e.g., 206Pb/207Pb=1.115±0.008 from 1981–1989 and 1.143±0.006 from 1992–1995). These results correlate well with recent findings in the Mediterranean basin (Alleman, 1997) where this radiogenicity increase is clearly associated with industrial sources other than leaded gasoline that has remained relatively constant during its phasing out (206Pb/207Pb=1.08–1.11). Here we used archived data, air mass trajectories and aerosol diameters combined with isotopic signatures to confirm this trend at a regional scale. Indeed, the main industrial signatures from lead smelting (206Pb/207Pb=1.133±0.001) and steel metallurgy (206Pb/207Pb=1.196±0.015) in northwestern France appear more radiogenic than that of leaded gasoline. The shift in isotopic compositions also conform with the systematic change in the mean size (diameter) of aerosols at Wimereux, which ranged from 0.30 to 0.61 μm in 1982–1984 and from 0.70 to 0.89 μm in 1994.