Neuroticism, preattentive and attentional biases towards threat, and anxiety before and after a severe stressor: a prospective study (original) (raw)
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Cognitive emotion regulation, anxiety, and depression in infertile women: a cross-sectional study
Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 2020
Background: Cognitive strategies play an important role in the prevention of psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of cognitive emotion regulation with anxiety and depression symptoms in a sample of infertile women in Iran. Results: According to correlation analysis, all adaptive strategies (i.e., acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective), except for Acceptance strategy, were indirectly related to both anxiety and depression symptoms. Conversely, four maladaptive strategies (i.e., self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and other-blame) were positively related to anxiety and depression symptoms. After controlling for demographic/infertility information, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that acceptance, rumination, and positive refocusing subscales were significantly associated with anxiety; and refocus of planning was related to depression. Conclusion: In sum, cognitive emotion regulation strategies appeared to be related to anxiety and depression symptoms in women suffering from infertility. These results suggest the use of cognitive therapy to reduce the anxiety and depression in these women.
Human Reproduction, 2009
background: After many years of research, the impact of psychological distress on the IVF treatment outcome is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the influences of anxiety and depression before and during IVF or ICSI treatment on the cancellation and pregnancy rates of inductees. methods: In a multicentre prospective cohort study, we assessed anxiety and depression at baseline and the procedural anxiety level one day before oocyte retrieval, with the short versions of the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Primary Care (BDI-PC). The effect of baseline anxiety and depression on the cancellation and pregnancy rates of 783 women in their first IVF or ICSI treatment was evaluated. We also determined if a change in anxiety from the start of treatment until just before oocyte retrieval affects the pregnancy rate. The predictive value of distress was assessed while controlling for several factors in subfertility treatment.
Human Reproduction, 2007
BACKGROUND: Psychological variables, such as anxiety and depression, may have a negative impact on IVF outcomes, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Previous studies have usually measured a single psychological parameter with clinical pregnancy as the outcome. The objective of the current study was to determine whether pretreatment or procedural psychological variables in women undergoing a first IVF cycle affect the chance of achieving a live birth from that cycle. METHODS: Between February 2002 and February 2004, 391 women with an indication for IVF were recruited at two University Medical Centres in The Netherlands. Pretreatment anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The Daily Record Keeping Chart was used to measure negative and positive affect before treatment and daily during ovarian stimulation. Multiple stepwise forward logistic regression analysis was performed with term live birth as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Regression analysis showed that women who expressed less negative affect at baseline were less likely to achieve live birth (P 5 0.03). After one IVF cycle, women who received a standard IVF strategy were more likely to reach live birth delivery than those who received a mild IVF strategy (P 5 0.002). A male/female indication for IVF was associated with a higher chance of achieving term live birth than a female only indication (P 5 0.03). Age, duration of infertility or type of infertility were not independent predictors of live birth. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between psychological parameters and IVF success rates is more complex than commonly believed. The expression of negative emotions before starting IVF might not be always detrimental for outcomes.
Stress and anxiety scores in first and repeat IVF cycles
Fertility and Sterility, 2010
Background: The role of stress in reproduction, particularly during treatment for infertility, has been of considerable interest; however, few studies have objectively measured stress and anxiety over the course of the IVF cycle or compared the experience of first-time and repeat patients.
Cognitive therapy and research, 2004
The Self-regulation Model (SRM) proposed by Leventhal and colleagues (H. Leventhal, Meyer, & Nerenz, 1980) argues that cognitive representations of a health threat guide coping with the threat, which in turn affects physical and emotional outcomes. The current study tested these hypothesized relationships between cognitive perceptions of infertility, ways of coping with infertility and its treatment, and emotional outcomes, in a sample of 310 women undergoing treatment for infertility. The data provided evidence for direct and indirect relationships between cognitions and emotions and underscored the importance of examining illness cognitions and attending to both positive and negative emotions in research and therapy.
Factors Influencing Anxiety in Infertile Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI Treatment
Journal of midwifery and reproductive health, 2018
Background & aim: Infertility can lead to a diminished sense of well-being and is associated with a high frequency of psychosomatic and somatic disorders. Generally, infertile women are more affected by infertility than men. This study aimed to determine factors influencing anxiety among infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 infertile women who were candidate for IVF/ICSI referred to Milad IVF Center, Mashhad, Iran, from September 2015 to July 2016. Prior to the treatment, the participants completed the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to assess the level of anxiety. Additionally, a self-structured questionnaire containing the infertility-associated data including the duration and cause of infertility as well as history and the duration of treatment, was completed by the respondents. The subjects were selected through purpo...
Psychology, 2013
Research indicates that women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) experience intense unwanted emotions, and that these emotions may result in the decision to abandon treatment. This case-study explored stressors, emotional responses and emotion regulation strategies of a female couple undergoing IVF procedures over a ten-week period. A mixed-method approach involved participants completing a daily open-ended diary and self-report scales to assess emotions and emotion regulation in relation to partner and self. Diary results indicated both partners experienced frequent stressors resulting from the IVF process, stressors that were intensified by perceptual and financial factors. Participants experienced a range of intense pleasant (e.g., happy, excited) and unpleasant emotions (e.g., depressed, anxious), and sought to down-regulate unpleasant emotions using a range of cognitive, behavioral, and social strategies. Questionnaire data indicated complementary styles of emotion regulation that appeared to help sustain pleasant emotions and down-regulate unpleasant emotions. Future research should test the effectiveness of interventions to help manage unwanted emotional responses to IVF treatment and corresponding regulatory efforts.
Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 2012
Purpose This study evaluated the changes in psychological stress during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and the relationship of such stress to the patients' background and gender. Methods Sixty couples undergoing IVF-ET were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-JYZ (STAI) test at six different points during IVF-ET procedures. Anxiety scores at each time point were recorded and analyzed according to gender, fertility status, and duration of treatment. Results The median state anxiety score for women increased following induction until oocyte collection, after which it temporarily declined and then increased again until the pregnancy test. No such changes were noted in men. Scores for women who had undergone a shorter period of IVF treatments were higher while state and trait anxiety in men increased with a prolonged treatment period. Unsuccessful treatment increased the state and trait anxiety of women. Conclusions Psychological stress changed periodically depending on the duration of the patients' treatment and fertility status also influenced anxiety levels. These findings will prove helpful in guiding psychological therapy and counseling for couples attempting to conceive by in vitro fertilization.
The impact of IVF/ICSI on parental well-being and anxiety 1 year after childbirth
Human Reproduction, 2012
background: More couples are delaying childbirth resulting in an increase of age-related subfertility in women. Subfertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments may affect couples' psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether factors related to IVF/ICSI affect anxiety and mental health in couples 1 year after childbirth. method: In this cohort study, we included couples with a singleton pregnancy following IVF/ICSI treatment (n ¼ 113) and subfertile couples who naturally conceived (NC; n ¼ 83). Parental trait anxiety (Dutch version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and mental health (Dutch version of General Health Questionnaire) were assessed 1 year after childbirth. The influence of fertilityrelated factors was analyzed with logistic regression analyses. results: One hundred and ninety-six couples participated, 93% of those eligible. Trait anxiety and mental health were similar in IVF/ICSI and NC groups. However, NC fathers had more often mental health scores in the clinical range (21%) than fathers in the IVF/ICSI group (9%). The risk of having a trait anxiety or mental health score in the clinical range was reduced by the presence of one of the following factors: for females a higher number of IVF/ICSI treatment cycles, and a maternal cause of subfertility, for males having been treated by IVF/ICSI and a longer time to pregnancy.