Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity: Lack of enhancement of the hepatoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine by sodium sulphate (original) (raw)
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Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2015
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most widely used over-the-counter antipyretic analgesic medications. Despite being safe at therapeutic doses, an accidental or intentional overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity; a leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the U.S. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is implicated as an initiating event in APAP-induced toxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, is the only currently approved antidote for an APAP overdose. Unfortunately, fairly high doses and longer treatment times are required due to its poor bioavailability. In addition, oral and intravenous administration of NAC in a hospital setting are laborious and costly. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA), a novel antioxidant, with higher bioavailability and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a human-relevant in vitro system, HepaRG. Our results indicated that exposure of HepaRG cells to APAP ...
Human Journals Mini Review Hepatotoxic Effect of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Mini Review
2018
Hepatotoxicity produced by chemicals and drugs may be similar to any kind of physically happening hepatic disease. When the drug is consumed constantly, yet after the progress of symptoms the cruelty of liver injury is increased to a high degree. Paracetamol is a known antipyretic and an analgesic which produces hepatic necrosis in high doses. Higher doses of paracetamol and N-acetyl-p-benzoquineimine can alkylate and increases the levels of Bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and ALP. It is secure in therapeutic doses but can produce harmful effects on liver that leads to its damage in male, rodents at high doses. Liver injury caused by drugs is one of the most widespread factors. The management of liver disorders by a particular and uncomplicated drug is still a fascinating problem. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the alternative drugs for managing the inflammatory processes to substitute the currently used chemical drugs of doubtful effectiveness and security.
International journal of hepatology, 2018
Both paracetamol (PA) and phenacetin (PH) are analgesic and antipyretic agents. Part of phenacetin therapeutic activity is attributed to its metabolism into paracetamol. Paracetamol causes direct hepatic oxidative stress damage. The present study aimed to investigate the possible damaging effects of both PA and PH, when used in therapeutic doses, on rat liver and to compare the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetyl-methionine (NAM), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) against PA- or PH-induced hepatic damage. 90 male Wistar albino rats (120-140 gm) were undertaken, categorized randomly into 9 groups of 10 rats each, and administered by gavage for 2 weeks with DMSO 1% (controls), PA, PA+NAC, PA+NAM, PA+NAG, PH, PH+NAC, PH+NAM, and PH+NAG. Biochemical assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in liver homogenates and serum assays of ALT, AST, 8-hydroxy guanine (8-OH-Gua), an...