Oxidative damage induced by herbicides is mediated by thiol oxidation and hydroperoxides production (original) (raw)
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Herbicides and its role in Induction of Oxidative Stress-A Review
Herbicides are one of the most extensively used classes of pesticides, which provide a convenient, economical and effective way to manage weeds. However the regular and endless use of herbicides affects environmental, ecological, and human health. Herbicid es can be classified in several ways but the most common method of classifying herbicides is by their mode of action and target site. Several stress events gene rated upon the herbicide action can lead to oxidative dis-balance in various non-target species. Most of the perturbations caused by herbicide treatment in plants are related to ROS generation. Overproduction and accumulation of ROS result in metabolic disorders and can lead to oxidative destruction of the cell. This review provides a brief overview of alterations in enzymatic antioxidants on exposure to different herbicides in various experimental models.
Antioxidant Status in Protected Experimental Herbicide Intoxication
2008
This study investigates the possible protective effect of dietary supplements and their efficacy in rat experimental 6 months intoxication with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid herbicide (2,4-D). The protecting tested agents were: metaspar (M), a drug containing methionine, aspartic acid, B1, B6 and PP vitamins and eurovita (E),.a mix of multiminerals and multivitamins. All tested substances were administered in food, twice a week, dissolved in sunflower oil. Animals 10/group were fed respectively with: standard food (control), equivalent vehicle (vehicle control), toxic (2,4-D), metaspar protected group (2,4-D+M) and eurovita protected group (2,4-D+E). After 6 months they were sacrificed, blood and liver were analyzed with standard methods and commercial kits for total and reduced glutathione, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and serum thiobarbiuric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (lipoperoxides). The results showed the enhancement of antioxidant defense in protected...
Pesticides-induced oxidative damage: Possible in vitro protection by antioxidants
This study was designed to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) and a combination of vitamin E (VE) vitamin C (VC) on pesticides induced biochemical alterations in rat erythrocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. Vitamin E and C and selenium are potential antioxidants, known to be able to protect cells against oxidative damage. In vitro changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of selenium and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes and hepatocytes induced by atrazine (AT), dimethoate (DM), or endosulfan (ES) at three different levels of 10, 20, and 30 mM for each in rat were investigated. Levels of lipid peroxidation (nmoles MDA/mg protein), glutathione content (µmole GSH/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase level (µmoles NADPH/min/mg protein) were determined in erythrocytes and hepatocytes following treatment. In comparison with the control, pesticides stimulated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) activity and glutathione p...
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022
Pesticides are important chemicals or biological agents that deter or kill pests. The use of pesticides has continued to increase as it is still considered the most effective method to reduce pests and increase crop growth. However, pesticides have other consequences, including potential toxicity to humans and wildlife. Pesticides have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and birth defects. Labels on pesticides also suggest limiting exposure to these hazardous chemicals. Based on experimental evidence, various types of pesticides all seem to have a common effect, the induction of oxidative stress in different cell types and animal models. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress is caused by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are associated with several diseases including cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. ROS and RNS can activate at least five independent signaling pathways including mitochondrial-induced apoptosis. Limited in vitro studies also suggest that exogenous antioxidants can reduce or prevent the deleterious effects of pesticides.
Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2005
Treatments of broad bean and maize seedlings with fluometuron, atrazine or rimsulfuron affected some parameters of oxidative stress. Fluometuron significantly reduced activity of Hill reaction (PSII), chlorophyll a+b contents and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) in leaves of both species and significantly increased contents of H2O2, lipid peroxides and carbonyl groups during the whole experiment. There were, moreover, significant inhibitions in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; E.C. 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; E.C. 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; E.C. 1.11.1.7). Response to atrazine was, to some extent, similar to fluometuron throughout the entire experiment in broad bean and up mostly to the 12th day of the experiment in maize. The herbicide effect was more pronounced in broad bean than maize. These results point to indicate an occurrence of oxidative stress in both species by fluometuron and only in broad bean by atrazine. The increase in H2O2 content accompanied with drop in activities of SOD, CAT and peroxidases indicates a decline in its detoxification rather than increase in its synthesis. On the contrary, rimsulfuron seemed to have no effect on most of the tested parameters although there were transient significant increases in H2O2, lipid peroxides and carbonyl groups as well as activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GPX. These findings, based on the recovery in oxidative stress, indicate that fluometuron is involved in oxidative stress generation in both species but atrazine only in broad bean while rismulfuron is not in both species.
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007
Imazethapyr (IM) is an imidazolinone herbicide which inhibits the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids, by blocking acetolactate synthase (ALS; EC 4.1.3.18), the first common enzyme of the pathway. To study new aspects of the mode of action of ALS-inhibiting herbicides, pea plants grown in hydroponic cultures were supplied with IM and were analysed with reference to the antioxidant system and oxidative markers. A slight lipid peroxidation was detected in leaves after IM treatment, but no changes were noted in electrolyte leakage or carbonyl content. The ascorbate pool of leaves was oxidized under IM treatment. The analysis of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), showed that IM treatment only caused an enhancement of GPX activity in leaves. In roots, the herbicide caused a decrease in lipid peroxidation. The enhancement of the reduced glutathione content detected in IM-treated roots can be related to the detected increase of GR activity. The lack of more noticeable effects on antioxidant enzymatic activities could be explained by the inability of IM-treated plants to respond to oxidative stress with modifications in their protein synthesis. Our results suggest that oxidative stress is not related to the mode of action of ALS-inhibitors. The slight changes detected in the antioxidative status of treated plants are too secondary in time and intensity to be related to the lethality caused by ALS-inhibitors (M. Royuela). acetohydroxyacid synthase. The inhibition of this enzymatic activity is the mechanism of action of four main classes of herbicides , which account for approximately 20% of the herbicide market .
Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994
Herbicide safeners are chemicals which protect crop plants from iojur)' by certain herbicides, without affecting weed control efftcacy of the herbicides. The protective mechanism of herbicide safeners has not yet been fully elucidated, bot tliere is increasing evidence that safeners act by selectively enhancing herbicide detoxiftcation in crop piaats. To date, two main detoxification pathways have been related to Ihe tnode of action of herbicide safeners. The first includes oxidation and subsequent glucose conjugation, mediated by cytochrome P450-depGTnient monooxygenases and UDP-glucosyltransferases, respectively. This pathway appears to be important predominantly in safener protection to ar^'loxyphetioxypropionate and sulfonylurea herbicides. The second pathway represents the conjugation of thiocarbamate sulfoxides and chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione. This mechanism is accomplished by either elevating the levels of reduced glutathione or the activity of glutathione S-transferase, or both. Since glutathione has been reported to be involved in several stress situations of plants its function associated with safener-induced herbicide tolerance will be discussed in more detail in this review.
Glyphosate-based herbicides and oxidative stress
2021
Since glyphosate became one of the most used herbicides worldwide, its constant release into the environment has raised concern among the general public and international regulatory agencies. Traces of this compound have been detected in fresh and processed food and in environmental matrices. Although there is still controversy about the impact of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on human health, increasing scientific evidence shows that oxidative stress triggered by these compounds is the main factor responsible for cell damage. Modulation of oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and induction of antioxidant defense systems has been related to the etiology of several chronic and degenerative ailments such as liver and kidney disorders and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. This chapter analyzes the impact of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on environmental and human health with special emph...