Determination of Some Physical Properties of Some Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and Winter Squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) Genotype Seeds (original) (raw)
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Abstract— This study was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica). Neem fruits were collected from a plantation. Ripe fruits were sorted and neem seeds were obtained by manually depulping the ripe fruits, washed and sundried to about 5.10 % (wb) moisture content. Moisture content adjustment by rewetting was carried out to obtain three levels of 9.95, 14.17 and 18.69 % (wb). Physical properties (length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, volume, surface area, 1000-seed mass, true density, bulk density, density ratio and percentage porosity) of the dried seeds and the embedded kernels were determined. Data obtained were statistically analyzed to obtain the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the seed ranges in values for length (14.15 to 14.51 mm), volume (4.55 to 4.57 mm³), surface area (238.2 to 240.1 mm²), 1000-unit mass (216.2 to 326.9 kg), true density (555.8 to 594.3 kg/m³), bulk density (354.19 to 375.12 kg/m³), density ratio (156.95 to 158.40), while the width reduced from 6.97 to 6.94 mm, thickness 6.7 to 6.6 mm, aspect ratio 49.4 to 47.9, percentage porosity 36.15 to 36.04. Similarly, for the kernel, the length ranged from 11.02 to 11.27 mm, 1000-unit mass 336.0 to 347.4 kg, true density 797.1 to 954.3 kg/m³, density ratio 139.70 to 182.18, percentage porosity 28.29 to 45.02. Likewise, the width decreased from 4.49 to 4.42 mm, thickness 4.2 to 3.9 mm, geometric mean diameter 5.9 to 5.8 mm, sphericity 0.54 to 0.52, aspect ratio 40.9 to 39.4, volume 3.08 to 3.03 mm³, surface area 109.2 to 105.4 mm² and bulk density 571.4 to 523.6 kg/m³ as moisture increased. However, seed geometric mean diameter (8.7mm) and sphericity (0.6) remained constant. For many of the properties considered, moisture content significance at (p<0.05) but was not uniform on both seeds and kernel.
Moisture-dependent physical properties of kokum seed (Garcinia indica Choisy)
Research in Agricultural Engineering
Designing the equipment for processing, sorting and sizing of agricultural crops requires information about the crops’ physical properties. The physical properties of kokum seed were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 7.35 to 25.79% d.b. (dry basis). The average length, width, thickness and one thousand seed mass were 17.17 mm, 10.66 mm, 5.87 mm and 410 g, respectively, at a moisture content of 7.35% d.b. The average value of geometric mean diameter and sphericity were 10.19 mm and 59.75%, respectively, at moisture content of 7.35% d.b. As the moisture content increased from 7.35 to 25.79% d.b., the bulk density increased from 345 to 396 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, true density decreased from 1179 to 1070 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the corresponding porosity decreased from 65.73 to 55.46%; the repose angle and terminal velocity increased from 32.1 to 42.3° and 4.30 to 6.73 m/s,respectively. The static coefficient of friction increased...
Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of neem
This study was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica). Neem fruits were collected from a plantation. Ripe fruits were sorted and neem seeds were obtained by manually depulping the ripe fruits, washed and sundried to about 5.10 % (wb) moisture content. Moisture content adjustment by rewetting was carried out to obtain three levels of 9.95, 14.17 and 18.69 % (wb). Physical properties (length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, volume, surface area, 1000-seed mass, true density, bulk density, density ratio and percentage porosity) of the dried seeds and the embedded kernels were determined. Data obtained were statistically analyzed to obtain the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the seed ranges in values for length (14.15 to 14.51 mm), volume (4.55 to 4.57 mm³), surface area (238.2 to 240.1 mm²), 1000-unit mass (216.2 to 326.9 kg), true density (555.8 to 594.3 kg/m³), bulk density (354.19 to 375.12 kg/m³), density ratio (156.95 to 158.40), while the width reduced from 6.97 to 6.94 mm, thickness 6.7 to 6.6 mm, aspect ratio 49.4 to 47.9, percentage porosity 36.15 to 36.04. Similarly, for the kernel, the length ranged from 11.02 to 11.27 mm, 1000-unit mass 336.0 to 347.4 kg, true density 797.1 to 954.3 kg/m³, density ratio 139.70 to 182.18, percentage porosity 28.29 to 45.02. Likewise, the width decreased from 4.49 to 4.42 mm, thickness 4.2 to 3.9 mm, geometric mean diameter 5.9 to 5.8 mm, sphericity 0.54 to 0.52, aspect ratio 40.9 to 39.4, volume 3.08 to 3.03 mm³, surface area 109.2 to 105.4 mm² and bulk density 571.4 to 523.6 kg/m³ as moisture increased. However, seed geometric mean diameter (8.7mm) and sphericity (0.6) remained constant. For all the properties considered, moisture content significance at (p<0.05) was not uniform on both seeds and kernel.
2013
Abstract:The study investigated the effects of moisture content and varietal factors on some mechanical properties of pumpkin seed at three moisture content levels (18.1, 22.2, and 26 % d.b) and two levels of variety (c. maxima and c. pepo). Similarly, oil content was investigated for the effect of variety factor. A 2X3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used, and results were analyzed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model procedure of the SPSS 17 at 5 % level of probability. The coefficient of static friction increased linearly with moisture content on all surfaces investigated(p<0.05), with the least and highest coefficients of 0.36 and 0.97 recorded by c. pepo, and c. maxima varieties on the zinc-plated, and concrete surfaces respectively. The static and dynamic angles of repose varied from 13.4 to 22.9 o, and from 38.3 to 36.7 o respectively in c. maxima. while in c. pepo from 16.0 to 20.4 o and from 30.3 to 43...
Mechanical Strength and Physical Behavior of Pumpkin Seed and Its Kernel
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of moisture content (4-20% d.b.) and variety (two common Iranian varieties of pumpkin seeds namely Zaria and Gaboor variety) on physical behavior and mechanical strength of pumpkin seed and its kernel. With the increase of moisture content from 4 to 20% d.b., all the main dimensions (length, width and thickness), equivalent diameter, sphericity, porosity, true density, terminal velocity and absorbed energy increased for both studied variety, while bulk density and rupture force decreased with an increase in moisture content. The ranges of equivalent diameter for pumpkin seed and its kernel were 6.38-9.11 and 5.42-8.27 mm, respectively. The true density of pumpkin seed and its kernel varied from 700.8-810.61 and 1064.6-1225.31 kg m -3 , respectively. Also, the range of bulk density at different moisture levels for seed and kernel were obtained between 390.8-525.42 and 550.3-629.7 kg m -3 , respectively. The seeds required less compressive force to dehull when loaded under the horizontal as compared to the vertical orientation. But for kernels, the trend was the opposite. Also, the compressive forces needed to initiate rupture of pumpkin seed hulls were higher (20.1-102.4 N) than those required to rupture the kernel (14.1-37.84 N) in both orientations.
Some Physical Properties of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea Linn) Seeds: A Review
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
The physical properties of groundnut seeds such as length, width, thickness, mass, size, shape, surface area, volume, aspect ratio, sphericity, true density, bulk density, porosity and angle of repose were reviewed. The methods of determination of these properties and their applications in food processing technology were discussed. Some researches about the effects of moisture on physical properties of groundnut seeds were also studied. These physical characteristics which when measured are relevant for the design and development of harvesting, seed sizing, handling, processing grading machines and in their separation from undesirable materials and decorticating and storage equipment for groundnut seeds.
Legume Research - An International Journal, 2015
Some physical, mechanical and rheological properties of soybean seed (Glycine max cv. ATAEM-II) were identified at moisture content of 8.02±(0.03), 12.08±(0.12), 16.07±(0.11), 20.11±(0.16) and 24.05±(0.09)% w.b. From initial moisture content with 8.02% to final moisture content with 24.05%, the average length, width, and thickness of seed increased by 11.93, 10.64 and 10.47%, respectively. Arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, surface area, terminal velocity, angle of repose, static friction angles and coefficients on aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized iron, rubber, glass and plywood plates increased with increasing moisture content whereas other all properties such as true and bulk densities, porosity, shpericity, aspect ratio, rupture force, hardness, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and energy decreased with increasing moisture content. The minimum friction was determined by glass, followed by aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized iron, plywood and rubber plates at all moisture contents. Elastic Modulus ranged between 118.83 and 100.91N mm-2 at initial and final moisture content, respectively. At the initial and final moisture content, the Poisson ratio changed between 0.527 and 0.262, respectively. The best germination ratio with 98.04% was identified at the 20.11% moisture content while the shortest germination duration with 12.96 days was determined at the 8.02% moisture content.
Moisture-dependent physical properties of Abeere (Picralima nitida) seeds
In order to design equipment for improved processing of Àbèèrè (Picralima nitida) seeds, some of the engineering properties need to be determined as a function of moisture content. The geometric (axial dimensions, mean diameters and sphericity), gravimetric (bulk and true densities, seed weight, and porosity) and frictional (angle of repose and static coefficient of friction) properties of Àbèèrè seed in the moisture content range of 7.98% -47.77% (wb) were investigated. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of moisture on some moisturedependent physical properties of Àbèèrè seed, and to develop regression models for each of the properties investigated. The average length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, surface area, volume, thousand grain mass, bulk density and angles of repose increased as the moisture content increased from 7.98% to 47.77%. The regression models developed for all the physical properties of the seeds had high coefficient of determination, R 2 . The static coefficient of friction of Àbèèrè increased linearly over the three material surfacesplywood, stainless steel and glass -with increasing moisture content. The steel surface had the lowest static coefficient of friction whereas the plywood gave the highest value at all moisture content levels.
2011
In this study, physical properties of seeds of Simon and Goldeclat dent corn (Zea mays var. indentətə sturt ) cultivars as a function of moisture content were evaluated. Three levels of moisture ranging from 12.76 to 17.0% (dry basis), and 11.09 to 16.48% (dry basis) were used for Simon and Goldeclat cv., respectively. The averaged length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameter of seeds ranged from 10.54, 7.26, 4.57, 116.46 and 7.04 mm for Simon cv.; 10.80, 6.89, 4.81, 119.42 and 7.09 mm for Goldeclat cv., respectively. The sphericity, volume and surface area increased linearly from 0.668 to 0.684, 125.94 to 162.51 mm 3 , 131.13 to 154.37 mm 2 for Simon cv.; 0.657 to 0.670, 128.19 to 155.63 mm 3 , 133.18 to 150.89 mm 2 for Goldeclat cv., respectively. The bulk densities decreased from 762.60 to 675.51 kg/m 3 and from 783.37 to 714.48 kg/m 3 and true densities decreased from 1425.07 to 1367.35 kg/m 3 and from 1455.0 to 1396.36 kg/m 3 for Simon and Goldeclat cv., res...
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2019
The knowledge of physical and thermal properties in cereals, grains and oilseeds establishes an essential engineering tool for the design of equipment, storage structures, and processes. The physical properties and thermal properties for Chia, Kañiwa, Farro and Triticale grains were investigated at three levels of moisture content: 10%, 15% and 20% (d.b). Physical properties included 1000 seed weight, dimensions, mean diameters, surface area, volume, sphericity, and aspect ratio. Results indicated 1000 seed weight increased linearly with moisture content from 2.0 to 3.5 g for Chai, 2.5 to 4.0 g for Kañiwa, 42.7 to 48.3 g for Farro, and 51.0 to 53.7 g for Triticale. The porosity for Farro and Triticale increased from 38.71% to 44.1%, 40.37% to 44.65%, respectively, as moisture increased. Angle of repose increased as moisture content increased, as did values of L, a* and b* for all grains. Thermal properties of Kañiwa, Farro, and Triticale showed high correlation to moisture content. A negative relationship was observed for the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, while the thermal diffusivity had a positive linear increase trend with moisture content. This study showed that physical and thermal properties varied from grain to grain as a function of moisture content, and these data will be useful for future application development.