The Relationship Between Preoperative and Primary Care Blood Pressure Among Veterans Presenting from Home for Surgery (original) (raw)
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BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019
Background: A multidisciplinary international working subgroup of the third Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus meeting appraised the evidence on the influence of preoperative arterial blood pressure and community cardiovascular medications on perioperative risk. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used, evaluating papers published in MEDLINE on associations between preoperative numerical arterial pressure values or cardiovascular medications and perioperative outcomes. The strength of the recommendations was graded by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.
Annals of Surgery, 1990
While monitoring blood pressure is a routine part of intraoperative management, several methods have been proposed to characterize intraoperative hemodynamic patterns as predictors of postoperative complications. In this prospective study of a highrisk population of hypertensive and diabetic patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, one objective was to compare different approaches to the assessment of intraoperative hemodynamic patterns to identify those patterns most likely to be associated with postoperative complications. Twenty-one per cent of the 254 patients sustained cardiac or renal complications after operation. Patients with more than 1 hour of .20-mmHg decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) or patients with less than 1 hour of .20-mmHg decreases and more than 15 minutes of .20-mmHg increases were at highest risk for postoperative complications. Together these two patterns had a 46% sensitivity rate and a 70% specificity rate in predicting postoperative complications. Using 20% change in intraoperative MAP produced results nearly identical to 20-mmHg changes. When the duration of 20-mmHg changes was accounted for, changes of a greater magnitude (e.g., 40 mmHg) were not significant independent predictors of complications. The use of the mean difference from preoperative MAP was misleading because patients who experienced both high and low MAPs tended to have nearly normal mean MAPs, but high complication rates. The absolute magnitude of intraoperative MAPs, regardless of the preoperative levels, also was evaluated. The overall mean intraoperative MAP was not a significant predictor of complications. Specific intraoperative MAPs (e.g., less than 70 mmHg and more than 120 mmHg) also were evaluated. While neither was a significant predictor, there was a trend for increased complications among patients whose MAPs decreased to less than 70 mmHg. Intraoperative blood pressure should be analyzed in relation to the At the time of this study, Dr.
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION (BJ SWEITZER, SECTION EDITOR) Preoperative Hypertension
Purpose of Review This review will examine the implications for perioperative management of new hypertension guidelines and place these in the context of findings from recent large observational studies. Recent Findings Recent hypertension guidelines highlight the role of ambulatory blood pressure measurement with the implication that isolated preoperative blood pressure measurements are of limited value. There is emerging evidence from large observational studies that both preoperative and intraoperative hypotension are associated with increased risk. It is not clear if this is a particular concern for hypertensive patients. Summary Assessment of the hypertensive surgical patient should include blood pressure measurements taken using the correct technique. Preoperative blood pressures of less than 180/100 mmHg are not grounds for deferring surgery in the absence of active comorbid disease. Evidence to guide the perioperative management of patients with higher pressures is scanty and decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.
BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019
Background: Postoperative hypotension and hypertension are frequent events associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, proper assessment and management is often poorly understood. As a part of the PeriOperative Quality Improvement (POQI) 3 workgroup meeting, we developed a consensus document addressing this topic. The target population includes adult, non-cardiac surgical patients in the postoperative phase outside of the ICU. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used, evaluating papers published in MEDLINE examining postoperative blood pressure monitoring, management, and outcomes. Practice recommendations were developed in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were that (i) there is evidence of harm associated with postoperative systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg; (ii) for patients with preoperative hypertension, the threshold at which harm occurs may be higher than a systolic arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg; (iii) there is insufficient evidence to precisely define the level of postoperative hypertension above which harm will occur; (iv) a greater frequency of postoperative blood pressure measurement is likely to identify risk of harm and clinical deterioration earlier; and (v) there is evidence of harm from withholding beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Despite evidence of associations with postoperative hypotension or hypertension with worse postoperative outcome, further research is needed to define the optimal levels at which intervention is beneficial, to identify the best methods and timing of postoperative blood pressure measurement, and to refine the management of long-term antihypertensive treatment in the postoperative phase.
Prehospital Systolic Blood Pressure Thresholds: A Community-based Outcomes Study
Academic Emergency Medicine, 2013
Objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel commonly use systolic blood pressure (sBP) to triage and treat acutely ill patients. The definition of prehospital hypotension and its associated outcomes are poorly defined. The authors sought to determine the discrimination of prehospital sBP thresholds for 30-day mortality and to compare patient classification by best-performing thresholds to traditional cutoffs. Methods: In a community-based cohort of adult, nontrauma, noncardiac arrest patients transported by EMS between 2002 and 2006, entries to state hospital discharge data and death certificates were linked. Prehospital sBP thresholds between 40 and 140 mm Hg in derivation (n = 132,624) and validation (n = 22,020) cohorts and their discrimination for 30-day mortality, were examined. Cutoffs were evaluated using the 0/1 distance, Youden index, and adjusted Z-statistics from multivariable logistic regression models. Results: In the derivation cohort, 1,594 (1.2%) died within 24 hours, 7,404 (6%) were critically ill during hospitalization, and 6,888 (5%) died within 30 days. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sBP was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 0.61) for 30-day mortality and 0.64 (95% CI = 0.62 0.66) for 24-hour mortality. The 0/1 distance, Youden index, and adjusted Z-statistics found best-performing sBP thresholds between 110 and 120 mm Hg. When compared to an sBP 90 mm Hg, a cutoff of 110 mm Hg would identify 17% (n = 137) more deaths at 30 days, while overtriaging four times as many survivors. Conclusions: Prehospital sBP is a modest discriminator of clinical outcomes, yet no threshold avoids substantial misclassification of 30-day mortality among noninjured patients.
Clinical Operations Variables are Associated With Blood Pressure Outcomes
Medical Care, 2015
Background-Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), among patients diagnosed and treated for the condition, remains an important clinical challenge; aspects of clinical operations could potentially be adjusted if they were associated with better outcomes. Objectives-To assess clinical operations factors' effects on normalization of uncontrolled BP. Research Design-Observational cohort study. Subjects-Patients diagnosed with hypertension from a large urban clinical practice (2005-2009).
BMC research notes, 2018
Our previous study showed that post-clinic blood pressure (BP) taken 15 min after a physician-patient encounter was the lowest reading in a routine clinic. We aimed to validate this reading with 24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) readings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the cardiology clinics at the Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years, or those referred for the diagnosis of hypertension were included. Of 150 participants, 49% were males. 76% of all participants were hypertensive. Pre-clinic BP reading was measured by a nurse, in-clinic by a physician and 15 min post-clinic by a research assistant using a validated, automated BP device (Omron-HEM7221-E). All patients were referred for 24 h ABPM. Among the three readings taken during a clinic visit, mean (± SD) systolic BP (SBP) pre-clinic, in-clinic, and 15 min post-clinic were 153.2 ± 23, 152.3 ± 21, and 140.0 ± 18 mmHg, respectively. Mean (± SD) diastolic BP (DBP) taken pre-c...
BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019
Background: A multidisciplinary international working subgroup of the third Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus meeting appraised the evidence on the influence of preoperative arterial blood pressure and community cardiovascular medications on perioperative risk. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used, evaluating papers published in MEDLINE on associations between preoperative numerical arterial pressure values or cardiovascular medications and perioperative outcomes. The strength of the recommendations was graded by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2012
Visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease. The authors examined the effects of visit number and timing and automated or manual measurement device on VVV in the placebo arm of the Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) (N=225) and simulations. VVV was assessed using intra-individual standard deviation (SD), range, maximum, coefficient of variation, successive variation, and average real variability of systolic blood pressure. VVV increased with number of visits used to calculate it in the TROPHY population (P for trend <.05 for all metrics) and simulations. Using consecutive visits in TROPHY, average SD was 5.6 mm Hg from 3 visits, 6.8 mm Hg from 7 visits, and 7.7 mm Hg from 18 visits. When 7 visits were spread out across 4 years, the average SD was higher (7.5 mm Hg) than when visits were consecutive over 18 months (P<.001). SD was higher using a single blood pressure measurement per visit (compared with the mean of 3 measurements per visit P<.001) and with automated vs manual devices (P<.001). In summary, number and timing of visits and device used to measure blood pressure influence VVV and need to be considered when designing, interpreting, and comparing studies. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:744-750. Ó2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2011
Objectives-Secondary analysis of clinical trial data suggests visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure is strongly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Measurement of blood pressure in usual practice settings may be subject to substantial error, calling into question the value of VVV in real-world settings. Methods-We analyzed data on adults ≥ 65 years of age with diagnosed hypertension who were taking antihypertensive medication from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (n=772 with 14 or more blood pressure measurements). All blood pressure measurements, taken as part of routine outpatient care over a median of 2.8 years, were abstracted from patients' medical charts. Results-Using each participant's first 7 systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements, the mean intra-individual standard deviation was 13.5 mmHg. The intra-class correlation coefficient for the standard deviation based on the first 7 and second 7 SBP measurements was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.20-0.34). Individuals in the highest quintile of standard deviation of SBP based on their first 7 measurements were more likely to be in the highest quintile of VVV using their second 7 measurements (observed/expected ratio = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.29-2.22). Results were similar for other metrics of VVV. The intra-class correlation coefficient was lower for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than SBP.